well, for them, always, alas, there will be century after century, year after year, russia lost, gained, won, won, gave, gave back to a useful agreement. sometimes they even sold, then again returned this land to their territories. they didn’t bring us a gift of a birch bark box along with the russian language with a culture with identity and sovereignty, a lot of our nationality, and finally, which is so important to us so dear to us, blood was shed for this our earth. for five years and almost 200 editions of russian lessons in a row, we diligently told everyone normal people, as well as residents of a comfortable soy coffee

marmalade environment. what happened in russian reality before and what is happening in reality now with normal russian people. we have full interaction and mutual understanding, and some handshake inhabitants, caffeine, carriers of universal human values. all the while laughing. oh zakhar what a retard you are with your military trumpets, leaders and legions. now they are in shock. how so? after all, the twenty- first century is in the yard. what military action? what kind mobilization and why all over the world they say they are solving problems in a different way, alas, they are not solving problems. this is exactly how the whole world has been deciding all this time the whole history of mankind, too, only this way, because this is how it works, regret can be, but it’s not at all arranged by us by dense militarists of quilted jackets realizing their

imperial complexes. all world history. this is a carousel from wars and armed conflicts. this is how the map was cut, this is how states were born. yes , there are well-fed quiet times, sometimes it seems that comfort is indeed the most important word in life, as yura dud bequeathed, especially if you don’t turn your head around and don’t look where it’s dark, poor and unhappy, but then another conflict of interests comes knocking the clock of time the continent creeps on the continent army on army . this is how new futures are forged. right now, unfortunately, we have entered such a gap. space and time and not to meddle in the iron drift of history, as andrei platonov wrote, is no longer possible. we are all history now. so let's take a look and let's see. a. how was the

country created in general, for which hundreds of thousands of russian soldiers are currently fighting, our country is with you. scientists have calculated over the past 50 centuries, peoples have experienced more than 14,500 large and small warriors, if you add up the totality of peaceful days, for all the years of existence, you get a miserable 300 years. the 20th century gave rise to world wars, in which dozens of countries and tens of millions of people participated. the first of them from 1914 to 1918 involved 38 states, then 74 million people were mobilized in the second world war from the thirty-ninth to 1945 , already 61 states with a population of 1 billion 700 million people participated, which is 80% of the world's population at that time, then 110

million people were put under arms after the second world war. for 40 years, 268 soldiers were unleashed at 6.7 per year. over the past 10 years, more than 150 warriors. this is what the history of wars is for, counting millennia with the passage of time, the number of wars did not decrease both in the ancient world and in the middle ages, and in the new age and in the modern time of wars, there was plenty of a state of peace between people living in the neighborhood, nor there is a natural state of the latter, on the contrary. there is a state of war. natural state. that is, if not continuous hostile actions, then their constant threat. kant told him that war, alas, is just such a form of functioning of society, due to which peoples communicate with other peoples, war , moreover, is often the only form of creating a state and prolonging life and peoples. i

would like it differently, but as the poet said, alas, not about the love of cinema, what is war in russia, not always, but almost always. yes, the transformation of the territory for russia was a struggle for the preservation and expansion of sovereignty, that is, the state had to make strategic choices, often risky, fraught with consequences, but we emphasize the necessary ones, open to the west and east, as if our shirt unbuttoned our earth has always and now also been a tasty morsel in almost no way , not protected at the edges, that is, it was not. we have been given rivers, swamps, oceans , or mountains that would become natural borders on the sides for protection. we only have relatively inhospitable climate or fox that is why russian history. this is the history of struggle. so decided our geography on the run traditionally made in two directions the first steppes, wide open pastures that

connected russia with central asia and then the mongols used this path the second path from the north of the european plain from where to russia or the rest of the invaders start with the teutonic knights and ending with nazi germany to cope with vulnerability, that is, to survive in such territories, there is only one way to expand expansion. she went in several waves. before stitching the lands by the emperors a decent job. carried out by their predecessors. rurik took control of the tribes of the ilmen slovenes novgorod of the northern krivichi and sborsk a little north of izborsk, the entire beloe ozero and merya rostov annexed the western krivichi and panchans of polotsk and took control of the dvina trade route. in the east he attached muroma. this is murom and part of the land in the volga mesopotamia after 864. and he also took control of the northern part of the volga trade route of things oleg annexed smolensk and

kiev to novgorod and laid the foundation for kievan rus , under him he took the capital to kiev in 882, the city of lyubech at the bottom. repaired russia slavic tribes along the dnieper smolensk krivichi in 882. polyan then the drevlyans a year later, the northerners two years later and relatives in 885. the territory of the country was doubled, probably also subjugated or made allies of the vyatichi on the oka river the white croats, sharing the carpathian region, that is, the buzhans on the bug and the valonians in volhynia, as well as the tivertsy in transnistria, all these tribes went with oleg our prince to constantinople, he took under control the path of the varangian greeks. igor igor was the first to defeat the streets and took their capital thanks. to what the border of russia first reached the black sea, the safety of the path from the varangians to the greeks in the south of the dnieper where the streets lived, svyatoslav svyatoslav was the first to annex the lands on the

don around 965, the darkness of the cockroaches and part of the crimea was thus secured. to russia to the caucasus and to the black sea, as well as for more than 100 years , control was established over the trade route from the volga to the black sea along the volgodonskaya perevoloka don the way and the sea of ​​azov with it, after the defeat of the khazar khaganate, the ancient russian state became the largest in terms of area in europe let's do it again. we will fix this more than a thousand years ago, when most of the modern european states in their current form did not yet exist. our country was the largest european country. vladimir first subjugated the strip of tours in 978 thanks to. what was returned to the control of russia from the dvina way the western branch of the path from the river united all the eastern slavs under the rule of russia, adding to

lunians in volyn between the polish campaign in 981 and the construction of vladimir volynsky in 1988 and the whites. in the carpathians he laid a settlement in the future city, grodno founded kursk bryansk and pereyaslavl yaroslav the wise returned brest brest partially restored control of kiev to our capital, then the land above polotsk reached the urals in the yugra region and began to develop the southern steppe lands. he carried out the annexation of part of present-day finland to the novgorod possessions. vladimir monomakh finally conquered the vyatichi and annexed to russia by eye from 1078 to 1884 alexander nevsky finally annexed the kola peninsula. to novgorod, it is mentioned as volost-3 in a charter of 1264 . well, and so on. we only got to the 13th century, and i'll remind you of the twenty-first yard. can you imagine how scrupulous work

was carried out, how our rulers worked and how many people died outside the territory where we now live quite freely? time, this land was not brought to us and was not presented in a birch bark box along with the russian language with a culture with identity and sovereignty with our multinationality and, finally, which is so important for us so dear to us for this our earth blood was shed. huge blood. she was flowing, she was flowing. why did you get a nice person, now dressed in pacifist clothes, that you don’t owe anything to anyone here , but everyone owes you why is this fish called red, and for whom did fishing turn into hunting ? the fur seal river was caught; this was why illegally mined on

sakhalin continues to end up on our tables. we have nowhere to poison this seafood, that is, you can and on that color to take organized criminal bodies. this is organized poaching. there are satellite communications, thermal imagers , night vision binoculars, well, the necessary equipment and their patrons in high offices, or something, they took out like luggage in their own opportunity to enrich themselves very quickly push people to all sorts of tricks mafia networks tomorrow at 16:20 on ntv let me introduce you to a new bosses won't work. no, if you decide to take revenge, do it so that no one catches, i raise everyone. whom

you can see how brave this one is. moscow as they say, the city of wonders premiered from monday 20:00 on ntv so the russian land expanded , the territory around the new center of the russian land of moscow was many, but all of them, by virtue of their character and ambitions, the ruling relatives from among the ruriks remained scattered stitching. it suggested itself, it couldn’t go on forever, and here we turn to our unofficial rating of the most successful architects in russia, not in the engineering sense, but in the geographical or geopolitical sense as anyone who wants ivan iii who was actually the ruler of his blind father. basil the dark from the

age of 12 can be safely called one of the most effective rulers and annexers in the history of russia, it was he who managed to gather the russian state around moscow under ivan the third again. became the largest in europe the moscow kremlin was expanded to its present size in 1495, becoming the world's largest medieval fortress at 28 hectares. moscow entered the top ten most populated cities in europe in fact. this is ivan iii the first of the russian princes took the title of sovereign of all russia and used the term russia, the territory was increased 5-10 times to 2 million m². and the population doubled to 6 million. the man ivan iv, known as grozny, will

continue his grandfather's work in the 16th century. he launched a new wave of russian expansion, anticipating the birth of an empire. scattered with him. finally advanced to cut off the mongol raid route russia pushed south and east deep into the steppe and did not stop until it reached the urals at in the east and the caspian sea and the caucasus mountains in the south , part of this expansion was the seizure of several strategically important territories by russia, including astrakhan in the caspian sea, the land of the tatars, an old nomadic enemy at that time and grozny, which was soon turned into a military outpost at the foot of the caucasus the livonian war, by the end of the kingdom of ivan the terrible, were lost, and yet by the end of the 16th century, the country's territory had reached 5.5 million m², due to this, russia had finally achieved a qualitative level of security retention of the northern slopes of the

caucasus was able to provide sufficient protection from asia minor and persia while the presence of millions of square kilometers. the steppes have made perhaps another defensive strategy buffer zones. once again, we repeat survival protection, but now some eccentric will come out and say, yes, who needed them there. you don’t have to go far at the beginning of the 17th century, foreign poles naturally sat in the kremlin, and the poles came to the kremlin with the support, alas, of part of the zaporizhzhya cossacks from you can’t throw out the songs of words, as they say, the poles and the little russian cossacks appeared as invaders in order to own moscow russia, and they owned it. until the militias of that time smoked out their curvature, but then mikhail romanov came, the first tsar of the romanov dynasty, mikhail fedorovich turned out to be a consolidating figure for many then it was the first novels on the throne that annexed the earth to russia by yakurat, that is, under baikal yakutia and organized access to the pacific ocean , advancing

inland by a record five and seven tenths million square kilometers. this is under mikhail fedorovich. siberia completely, except for kamchatka , turned out to be part of russia, so the first romantics. and no armies. expeditions did not conquer anything there, they carried out small detachments that left earlier. built-in fortresses farther and farther to the east and north, the detachments were numbering several tens or hundreds of people, thanks to them vast expanses beyond the urals were included in the russian state cossacks pioneers moving towards the sun came out you will be very surprised to the glorious and great lenin river, but in the top three of our rating, along with mikhail romanov, it’s not ivan the terrible, not catherine the great, not even peter i, but the son of mikhail romanov and the father of peter the great alexei mikhailovich romanov, popularly nicknamed tisha the second tsar from the romanov dynasty, if they speak

more quietly about the russian tsar, this means that it is this person who should be feared most of all. in fact, he had 16 children under alexei mikhailovich. the island became a matter of ownership of the little russian lands, some of which russia lost during the mongol-tatar invasion speech about the left coast of ukraine in 1654 by the nobility-zvelna. with anxiety , one should not be afraid to write, he wrote something like a cossack war, yes, it was about the possibility of a civil war of a religious conflict on the territory of little russia, cultural and national ties among the population of left-bank ukraine at that time had not yet been lost. the inhabitants of orthodox lands suffered under the onslaught of the latin yoke, and then the leader serov leader appeared. kazakov bogdan khmelnitsky who could not get the polish-lithuanian commonwealth self-government of the zaporizhzhya candles turned to the moscow tsar with a request to support his national struggle and take under the high hand of the moscow tsar alexei mikhailovich agreed, after thinking in 1654. a bloody war

with poland began, as a result of which the left-bank ukraine kiev was ceded to the russian state and the smolensk and chernihiv lands were returned. by the way, the royal decrees of those times prove the desire of alexei mikhailovich to limit himself to little bloodshed. he ordered not to burn cities, and to all who surrendered to the mercy of the winner and the little russians, who fought against moscow, allowed them to leave without hindrance after and before the breakthrough of peter i, alexei mikhailovich began to cut a window to europe specifically in the baltic in october 1655, about six months later. after the conclusion of an agreement with khmelnitsky to alexei mikhalych. the austrian ambassadors visited and tried to convince the tsar to make peace with the commonwealth and throw all their forces into the war with the strengthening sweden in the event of a victory, moscow could annex the entire baltic from measures with poland tisha and alexei mikhailovich refused the issue of protection orthodox brethren was a priority for him had to wage war on two fronts. russian troops occupied some strategically important cities in

livonia yuryev kukonois edinoborg. well, the cardian peace treaty failed to capture riga, alas, annulled all the military successes of russia at that time, but after half a century access to the baltic will still happen, if under mikhail fedorovich the russian state extended to the sea of ​​​​okhotsk, then priki. alexei mikhailovich, it grew to the pacific ocean, already then turning russia largest states in the world. peter increased the area of ​​the country by almost 850,000 m², that very notorious window to europe, the baltic is he, and it all started quite right. again, from the defense of our own land, we recall that the territory on which st. petersburg now stands was part of the novgorod republic since the time of the calling of the varangians from those very times. they were constantly the object of the claims of the swedish konnongs and kings, who dreamed of turning the baltic sea into a swedish one. the lake that came to the throne of the new russian tsar peter alekseevich was the first to put up with this. he

set himself the task of turning russia into a great world power. for what it was actually necessary to break through to the sea coasts, so in 1700 the long northern war began, during which the baltic fleet appeared, which put a winning point in the century-old confrontation with the soviets by june 1700. the swedes had 10 frigates, 38 battleships and hundreds of ships of a lower rank , therefore, from 1701, by decree of peter, the first boats and galleys began to be built on the svir, that laid the foundation for the baltic fleet, because of the time they were still primitive ships, floating platforms, soldiers whose main task was not to conduct an artillery duel of the swedish fleet's rapid-fire artillery, but to get close to point-blank to take the enemy on a boarding after taking knockiburg in 1702. it was later renamed shlisselburg, russian troops take a chance, located at the confluence of the river. okhta is now this part of the center of st. petersburg and they found

the northern capital and for the first time in almost 100 years confidently come to the coast of the gulf of finland the baltic sea. the goal was reached the baltic is ours on october 22, 1721, the party was proclaimed an empire. peter, at the request of the senators, took the title of father of the fatherland, emperor of all russia, raising the victorious cup. he proposed a toast to the swedes, to our teachers the hegemony of sweden was completed. and the russian empire is officially formalized, however, imperial ambitions. peter did not stop there. he thought so much preparing for a land campaign against india. and in 1724 he equipped ships to capture madagascar. the possibility of buying the island was also discussed. caribbean sea. why not the russian monarch seriously hoped to reorient all middle eastern trade along the great silk

road to russia in order to personally control the transit between west and east, with regard to the accession of precisely densely populated territories, that is, here catherine ii the great is the record holder among all russian rulers and rulers as a result of three sections of the commonwealth and two wars. with turkey, she joined the russian empire. rice with a population of approximately 11 million people this despite the fact that the population of those lands of the empire that catherine the great received when she ascended the throne was no more than 16 million people, that is, 16 brought it to 27 million at once. turkish wars of the 17th-19th centuries and followed the numerous defeats of turkey and the abdication of the last crimean khan, shogenger. and on april 19, 1783, catherine the great signed a manifesto on the acceptance of the island of taman of the crimean peninsula and the entire

territory of the kuban part of the russian empire, a special role in the history of the crimea and the construction of new russia , played, as we said in one of the issues of the most serene prince grigory potemkin tovarishchesky, who, together with the empress, worked on the creation of the manifesto and personally led the annexation of the crimean khanate. so, when ihenia, the second russia ended. it was entrenched in the black sea , the lands were annexed, which received the names, novorossia, northern, black sea, crimea under kuban catherine took eastern georgia under russian citizenship and returned the western russian lands to the torrent and the poles, again, everything. this was achieved by very, very large titanic efforts of russia fought. do not forget the simplest axiom tested for centuries, which is infantile pacifists. it seems absurd that the absence of aggressive plans by the state is not a guarantee against unleashing a war, peace, first of all, a break between wars

, there will always be reasons for them, alas. that is why in history every state has moments. when the territory either increases or decreases, and it is difficult to guess that there is not a single ruler. i would not like to see a map of the fatherland in the format of shagreen leather, rather, on the contrary. right. that's why you shouldn't roll your eyes in horror with the cessation of hostilities. the victory of some and the defeats of others , the conclusion of peace agreements, and so on, the war, as a rule, does not stop . so the participants will not guess that they have lost. no matter how long we are here the emperor was listed by the conquerors, the discoverers and the conquerors, too much was reset in 1991. however, time, as you know, does not stop, and the fact that yesterday fantasy tomorrow turns out to be a reality, century after century, year after year, russia lost, gained, won, gave, gave away under a peace agreement. sometimes they even sold, then returned their territories again. that's exactly why our president 6

years ago, while talking with little geographers , asked the boy where the borders end russia and he himself answered nowhere. i am victoria panina, our today's heroes live in the famous donut house in moscow. they were built in the seventies and planned to be mass-produced, but the project turned out to be too expensive and complicated, so the experiment was canceled and the publication was not included in the series due to its proximity to mosfilm in a donut.