they will find, i don't know when, but they will definitely be found. do you know why i'm sure, well, let's argue. we already went through all this with you. we went through the same war with terrorists in chechnya . i mean the chechen one, we went through this story. we know them by their names. well, tell me, where are the masks, where are the basayevs, where are the heroes, where are the yandarbiyevs, where are the barayevs, i can list for a long, long time, where all these people are exactly where they should have been at different times were destroyed and punished at different times. here are the deadlines. nobody signifies. but i think, that these are the ones who did all this and began to simply attack our peaceful people and commit terrorist acts. should very well. actually study this issue. all thanks to everyone, we will meet exactly in a week in this studio and remember that all participants in our program have their own. truth we always get to the bottom. a real economic

miracle in our country occurred from 1929 to 1955 . we had no external debts and gold reserves amounted to 2.050 tons, the second largest in the world. incidentally, more and more often to hear the scoop is terrible shortage of points where prices rise, and the conclusion immediately follows. the planned soviet economy is capable of life, and for this reason it collapsed like this, when did the descent from the top begin and how did it happen?

march 5 marks the 70th anniversary of the death of joseph vissarionovich stalin, and even within the framework of idle talk about the beauty of capitalism and the market, which still decides we can’t do without mentioning it, because more and more often we hear the scoop, a terrible shortage of queues, price increases and the conclusion immediately follows planned soviet economy and viable. and for this reason, it collapsed. yes, the economy of the late soviet union had many problems ; there was a shortage of goods, as well as a feeling of everyday humiliation and there was a strong feeling that everything was moving somewhere in the wrong direction, as the country was rolling down on a slope. so it seemed then. well, where was the peak then? in relation to that moment was the peak really in 1913? let's try to figure it out in 1913. the domestic

economy occupied the fifth place in the world after the usa germany britain france lagging behind in particular in terms of industrial production 14.3 times that of the united states six times that of germany and more than 4 1/2 times that of britain 2 1/2 times that of france from germany twice from france in terms of labor productivity nine times from the usa . we talked about this in one of our past research programs on this economic. at the phenomenon is devoted, among other things, to the book by alexander galushka. artur neyazmetov and maxim akulov growth crystal to russian

economic accounting. by the way, it became a bestseller in the professional community, uniting the best economists from the academy of sciences and leading economic universities, and was recognized as the economic book of the year. so that's from the growth crystal. we learn that in the mid-fifties the economy of the soviet union was second only to the united states in the 25 years since 1929, the economy of our country has grown 14 times. we did not have external debts but gold reserves accounted for 2.050 t second place in the world. incidentally, our life expectancy has increased by 26 years by 46 million. the population has increased. and this despite 27 million losses during the great patriotic war. created high-quality and affordable education and healthcare here, no one will argue, the growth of real wages by four times the growth of citizens' deposits in savings banks

has grown five times just imagine for 8 years from 1947 to fifty-fourth the prices for basic consumer goods were reduced by 2.3 times. but it's like if you paid 23,000 rubles for a certain set of goods in 2015. and today 10.000. how do you like this deflation and, of course, the great victory, the defeat of fascism. it was the pinnacle of our economy, our soviet economic elbrus , yes. you know such stories. now they will tell me and explain everything about the gulag and about the depression of the growth crystals and it has been irrefutably proved that the gulag has nothing in common with the economic ones that have been achieved. results, so we rolled down it was then after death stalin it's me maxim nikitin, the creator of nano-computers capable of more accurately delivering

medicine to diseased cells. and this is the moment when i decided to become a scientist, experimented in a real laboratory, then i wanted to make an important discovery. cultivate an interest in science from childhood a decade of science and technology, and rf science so, when did the descent from the top begin, as did the mentioned growth crystal. this is devoted to topics, a separate chapter is read, as a document, the consequence of the date of the decision, the number of the consequences, began still before stalin's heart stopped on march 4, 5, 1953, at a joint meeting of the governing plenum of the government and parliament, administrative reform begins. stalin loses the post of chairman of the government. in the structure of the government itself, the bureau is abolished by the product of more than three times

the ministries are enlarged as a result, lower- capacity clumsy administrative monsters were created in fact. the entire control system of the strange, for example, was undermined. ministry of higher education ministries film department department of labor affairs committee. the arts committee of radio information of the heads of the polygraphs will be merged into one department ministry of culture ministry of light industry fishing industry food industry meat and dairy industry merged into one department ministry of light and food industry. i will overwhelm you with all the work of the department of light light industry the ministry of state security and the ministry of internal affairs are merged into one department the ministry of internal affairs is being liquidated state supply, a key, organizing and

integrating body in the economic system, which ensured the real -time operation of intersectoral and operational chains of horizontal communication between enterprises in various sectors of the economy. supply control provided products with up to 30,000 positions of the nomenclature about the importance of this department to speak of the fact that of the members of the government, the heads of only two management bodies of the state supply and state planning were part of the country's top political leadership since then all decisions have become be adopted unanimously without discussion and debate, even the most closed meeting of the plenum of the central committee of the cpsu by the councils of ministers of the ussr and the presidium of the supreme soviet of the ussr on march 5 , 1953 lasted only 40 minutes, an hour later 10 minutes. after its completion at 21:50, stalin dies

, the heart of an ally and ingenious successor to the work of lenin the wise leader and teacher of the communist party and the soviet people, joseph vissarionovich stalin, stopped beating, why did they do this? and where were all these people in such a hurry as a result of a chain of hasty decisions and reorganizations. suddenly, the management of the huge state was chaotically undermined, the specialization of the ministries. such a reshaping of the work of the government or restructuring has brought disorganization to the entire process of governing the country. a year later, no life becomes apparent. design ability the ministry began to enlarge again in march

1953, starting an intense process of constant, sometimes chaotic and convulsive, contradictory changes in the system of public administration. it lasts 10 years, rearrangement of chairs and signs becomes a way. the fathers of state policy have a dangerous illusion that if you simply rename the governing body, then the problems that are in his vision will be resolved by themselves, but now, only, for example, from the division of governing bodies into industrial and agricultural non-manufactured goods, nisselkhozproduktsy no longer stopped further, only the funeral took place steel on march 25, 1953. urgently adopts top secret government decree number 300 85 to change the construction program fifty

the third year, 20 major development projects of the country are being liquidated, mainly infrastructural, among them the tunnel to sakhalin, the main turkmen, the volga canal, the baltic waterway, the railway, krasnoyarsk yeniseisk, highways on the kola ostroy in the arkhangelsk and murmansk regions and on the coast of the baltic sea, the kirov chemical plant, all this is being liquidated , while at the time of this decision , 75% of the projects named by us were already under construction, and the construction of transpolar railway highway, on which by march 1953 almost 52% of construction and installation work had been completed. about 700 km of track was already in working condition in february 1954, the us state department assessed

the impact of strange decisions on the development of the economy of the ussr. emphasis was placed on agriculture and mainly on the development of vast virgin lands, which will last less than 5-6 years. this circumstance can also lead to a slowdown in industrial development. end quote ironically, in 1966 the giant urengoy gas field was discovered, and its discoverers use change houses left over from the construction of the transpolar highway. it had to take place here because of the objective economy of the need for a number of these projects going back to the 60's and 70

's. at the same time , the relevance of many of them decades later is only growing until now. since then, for example, the idea of ​​a transpolar railway line has been growing. now it is supposed to be implemented as part of the project. northern latitudinal route the northern latitudinal route is a highway over 700 km long in the north, which should connect yamal and the ural budget. just think about more than half a trillion rubles. but that's all we could have comrades could be. if there was a comrade's will, stalin was fulfilled, but we don't have that. for some reason. for some reason, they suddenly changed their minds about the relevance of connecting sakhalin with the mainland reliable transport arteries. today, the leadership of our country is speaking, and russian railways is designing a bridge. the absence of the kola

railway does not allow the kandalak aluminum plant to work on the raw materials base of the kola peninsula and forces it to work on raw materials from the city of pikalevo and then on imported raw materials. well, and so on, that this is a brilliant foresight of some and stupid negligence or a betrayal of the interests of the country by others, we return to the ussr in may of the fifty- third year, a large-scale program for the transformation of the nature of the southern regions of our country was supposed to change the ecosystem, returning fertility to the lands. negative fauna of several regions instead of all this , the fifty-fourth year, a mediocre development program is launched. i think, comrades, i am convinced that you and i, apparently , we will meet with many more, so at the agricultural exhibition, so to speak, you demonstrated it with your work and skill. it means your success in

mastering, so to speak, a new business, for which you are going to raise the development of virgin lands and raise crops, to say the creation of conditions. uh, so to speak, getting food in abundance and more widely demand all the good things, success, good and conquests for you. this means that on your new path and in the new areas that you send. as a result , the grain yield on the universe lands falls blue as much as three-tenths of quintals from hera to 6 quintals. hectares of farming in these regions becomes unprofitable, local populations are destroyed, birds of animals over the steppe regions, dust storms regularly sweep through the oven, the experience of desertification of lands is repeated united states of america and what about the planned system, many critics of the soviet union have the main complaints about it, khrushchev begins large-scale reforms here, so to speak, in the fifty-third year, the process of weakening the organization of the economic

system starts. enterprise management is transferred to the regional level. the effect is destroyed. in the 56th year, about 15,000 enterprises of metallurgy, coal , oil and other industries were transferred to regional subordination the fifty-fifth year, preparations begin, well, the five-year plan of the country's leadership is literally incomprehensible. what to do? and what goals to set, the decision is made to turn to the directors of the plants to receive from them the plans of the enterprise, on the basis of which it is supposed to form a development plan for the whole country. literally, the quote used to be that the plan was drawn up from above by forces, gentlemen, and the ministry now pays special attention to preparing the plan at the enterprise . in

which side of the company to develop? in fact , the state planning strategist turns into a state planning accountant, who only summarizes and corrects the plans of local enterprises, and all this happens against the backdrop of leapfrog with the loss of key specialists. in just 9 years from 1953 to 1962, the state planning commission undergoes a change of eight leaders and four reorganizations, planning and moving from the regime from the desired to the achieved regime, and the system of state goal-setting. reborn into a trading system. for obtaining resources between groups of influence further more on may 10, 1957, a law was adopted titled from the further improvement of the organization of industry and construction management.

the management system is fundamentally changing, there is a transition from the sectoral to the territorial principle of economic management through the councils of the national economy of administrative economic regions , the so-called savnarohozes, the economic system is divided into 105 solorokhozes, which in relatively small areas are vested with key administrative powers from planning to monitoring activities enterprises that make up them, the single economy of the great country breaks up into a bunch of economic specific principalities in the fifty-eighth year, the number of planned indicators is reduced from nine and a half thousand to 1780 by more than five times, and the quality indicator natural indicators pieces liters tons change in monetary terms as a result, there is a direct mismatch between the content and complexity of objects. singing the structure and content of the system of indicators that describe it, the economy begins

to account for the money they produce in nature. here it is the man-made creation of the very so-called scoop, which is talked about so much, the transformation of ministries strikes at a well-coordinated system of state administration, which negatively affects the further development of science and technology, if before that technological development was implemented by the state committee of the government for the introduction of advanced technology for the national economy, who were engaged in understandable mass work and introduced the most modern technologies and advanced equipment into the economy, then in may 1955 a new organization is created under the name of the state committee for new technology, which is no longer responsible for the introduction of new technology, but is engaged in strengthening scientific and technical propaganda. the destruction of the state planning system and technological development has been aggravated by the elimination of the most important elements of the economic

system since the fifty-sixth year , the destruction of personal household plots begins; it is more profitable for villages to receive food from collective farms. rather than growing on their own by the beginning of the sixties, personal household plots are subjected to excessive taxes, they are deprived of livestock feed, and often the state ceases to exist and begins to actively buy livestock from collective farmers. what leads to its mass slaughter, let me remind you in the fifty-third year, personal household plots produced more than 80% of eggs, about 70% of milk and potatoes 50% of meat and vegetables for the whole country by the elimination of personal household plots liquidated the production of existing. parts of food products are falling and the earnings of the villagers begin a systemic shortage and food shortages in a number of cities

then cards are introduced and finally a decision is made to raise prices artels are liquidated. they are transferred to the structure of the state industrial enterprises, the most important sector of production, which gave people the opportunity to realize their entrepreneurial talents, was then destroyed by the producers of consumer goods, who previously had the flexibility of artel production, are merging into the insufficiently flexible structure of a large state of production and let me remind you. this is happening against the backdrop of the primitivization of the planning system. the mechanism for the formation of commodity diversity and prompt response to changes in demand is being destroyed. so the deficit is a consequence of the soviet system or a consequence of wrong decisions

the question seems rhetorical, by the way, i recall another problem of the late soviet union, the so-called leveling . indeed, in the late soviet union you could be seven spans in the forehead, but your destiny is the average salary and average standard of living, and the engineer sometimes received less than a worker. it was always not like that. in 1953, 77% of industrial workers were earned separately by 16% of workers. this is 7 million people. they received together with more than 1,000 rubles. of these, almost 1 million received more than 2,000 rubles. 300,000 people a month, received 3,000 rubles. in a month were or legal millionaires. actually, at that time, designers, inventors, scientists, composers , writers, people had an incentive to create and create, and not to consume, resell and enjoy later, as is sometimes customary now, so where is all this. in october 1955 , new principles for the organization of wages were formulated. the salaries of low-paid workers

are increased by reducing the wages of highly paid workers of intelligent labor. yes, yes, simply and without fuss, moreover, the equalization of the funds that previously went for reduction programs. price. so the authorities begin to redistribute resources instead of creating and creating new ones, the political leadership decided that it is possible to get milk without a cow. and the increase in standards, production and planned reductions in production costs , the fund, the director of enterprises, which was created thanks to the plan to reduce costs, also stops. just removed so the economy from anti-cost and efficient starts costly and inefficient interesting judgment about all this vice chairman governments first sixty to sixty-second, then sixty-fifth to eightieth chairmen of the state planning commission six. the sixty-second vladimir nikolayevich novikov experienced business executives over the years have formed the belief that if

a good management is replaced by a bad enterprise at a well-established plant, by inertia it will work well for another 3 years from my point of view on a national scale to bring down our state. in general, the worst rhythm of work could only be artificial or deliberately stupid measures, and in a normal state countries that have established economies with the existing personnel and the achieved level of technical progress, with the presence of talented designers, technologists, scientists and skilled workers, could maintain the momentum gained by our huge machine for more than 10 years. it was not easy to shake, but also not easy to stop. today

we have a big redevelopment, we will use it, the kitchen, the living room and the hallway. and there will be so many memorable elements in the interior that we still haven’t chosen. what subject to show the riddle to the heroes, maybe papakha is a hint of a central light source, in the interior or a plastic bottle. it has a direct relation to the decor to which we want to use is there another variant of chess such as the use of black white cells, as in this project? i don't remember. in general, in a couple of minutes. i'll decide how to intrigue the hero, in the meantime, we're going to get to know them. doctor