prior to being loved by novgorodians, it was one of the largest rivers in europe, the volkhov, the main water artery of the medieval trade route from the varangians to the greeks, provided the inhabitants of novgorod land with wealth and prosperity. novgorod often had to defend itself from enemies with this land , the name of the wise rulers of the commander of the holy prince alexander nevsky in 1478 is connected. by rail. about 600 km, the journey by train takes 8.5 hours and the city can be reached by bus or by car. the official date of the emergence of veliky novgorod is 859. now it is a real reserve for everyone who is interested

in the history and culture of russia . orthodox temple materia russia main altar cathedral development in 1059, despite the fact that over its thousand-year history the temple was rebuilt as a whole. it has retained its early forms. the ancient defensive fortifications of veliky novgorod vau and the moat of the roundabout city were built in the 14th-15th centuries until the middle of the 20th century the city almost did not grow beyond them . with weapons later in a modern form. it appeared after

the annexation of the novgorod land to moscow at its core - it is a fortress of the end of the end of the 15th century. ivan-chai, having annexed, novgorod decided to radically rebuild the novgorod fortress, that is, in fact, it was rebuilt. it is on the same basis, still the layout of toyota. the fortress now belongs to such a late medieval one, well, in novgorod detinets, its glare stands out quite strongly against the background. e fortresses. northwest russia in general, this is probably due to the fact that it was built in the moscow period and, uh, apparently not without italian influence, although direct indications that the italian masters participated in the course of fortification narrow windows, loopholes made the defenders of the fortress less vulnerable ;

the length of the walls of the fortress is about one and a half thousand meters. the height in some areas reaches 15 meters from a thickness of six and a half. if we talk about the modern kremlin that we can see, then it was a witness and participant in two such e, major military events. uh, the first one happened in 1611 year. this is an assault. novgorod by the troops of the swedish commander, de lagardie. it's over. in general, this is all about the occupation of novgorod by the swedes, which lasted until 1617 and became a very big disaster. in fact, this event is probably comparable throughout the history of novgorod. only with the german occupation during the great patriotic war. the second assault on the citadel occurred during the great patriotic war in august, 1941 , the germans fought the city and the novgorod kremlin for two years. the front line passed through veliky novgorod. the novgorod region lasted 2 1/2 years

, the events of the demyansk cauldron took place on its territory, fierce battles took place on the outskirts of leningrad. during the war on novgorod land, according to various sources, from 500 sixty to 800,000 people died. in 2010 , a stella was installed in honor of veliky novgorod being given the status of a city of military glory. we novgorodians are certainly proud of the fact that the history of novgorod is connected with the history of the formation of our russian state and, of course, from here. the glory of the russian has gone armies. novgorod has always been a defender city, a warrior city, because it was the novgorodians who defended the northern northwestern borders of the russian state, and centuries centuries later, 2 years later , its own museum of military glory appeared in its exposition, there are many finds of search

expeditions, as well as things from the personal archives of novgorodians, the most simple hmm residents began to bring here to our hall those exhibits that were kept at home in the home archives and shared these items, which were certainly expensive, while people understood that each item that has personal significance for them here in the hall can tell about the great very important events of our e, not only novgorod history, but the history of our entire country. run away, the patriotic war left sad traces, hundreds of military graves and dozens of mass graves are known throughout the novgorod region. in the summer of 1941 , one of the

worst wartime tragedies occurred at the lychkovo railway station. yes , german troops were approaching the city of leningrad, but leningrad had not yet been taken. e in blockade ring, and leningrad children were sent to the rear. well, it's july 18th. it so happened that german planes flew in, which means they bombed the echelon with leningrad children fell on the territory of the city of leningrad the railway station already died leningrad children a monument. the entire military-historical route along the novgorod

land leads to the ancient settlement, demyansk, to whose lot you were severely tested during the great patriotic war in september 1941, it was occupied by the nazi invaders, and since february forty-second year. it became the center of the encircled fascist group of the demyansk cauldron. there were six german divisions in it, including a motorized division of the donk esest, a dead head. in total , about 100,000 people were surrounded to supply their troops surrounded under demyansk, the germans established an air corridor with airplanes. they delivered weapons, supplies , took away the wounded in april 1942, and the old mustache made a breakthrough for the demyansk group. the nazis broke through brest in the soviet encirclement. so-called the ramushevsky corridor, this piece

of the old russian land from staraya russa through ramyshev to demyanskaya for a whole year will become the scene of the most cruel and bloody battles. the general fonzet himself, who, by the will of fate , will find himself in the next boiler in 43, but already near stalingrad during interrogations he will note the number of losses that took place here under the old russian dynams in 42-43. he will call these losses 90,000 for the same period, our losses were even more than 120,000 soldiers and officers in a military grave near the trees, the names rest about two thousand soldiers in 1942-43 years. they laid down their lives to block the only exit of the nazis from the demyansk cauldron. mass graves point to the places of battles of the soviet paratroopers during the spring operation of 1942, almost all of them

died in the novgorod forests, located northeast of demyansk, the city of staraya russa was occupied by nazi troops for 2.5 years. the exposition of the old russian museum of the north-western front tells about the period of occupation, and the underground partisan movement about very important battles that took place on this land of the great patriotic war wars and encirclement and an attempt to destroy large german forces, the appearance , so to speak, of boilers, and the fight against them took place here on the northwestern front, this dramatic gorky was acquired, but, nevertheless, experience for conducting such operations is unconditional. this bitter experience of war. he was anyway. cream in order to learn to surround and win, and this experience was gained here under the old blond and demyansk, of course, with terrible

blood. soviet troops occupied demyansk in february 1943. staraya russa was liberated a year later in february 1944, when soviet troops entered the city. there were only four intact buildings in fact. it was the dead city of old russia , many monuments reminiscent of the difficult period of the great fatherland