the name of the vyatichi built settlements along the banks of the oka and its tributaries and traded with neighbors. the oryol region is located in the south-west of the european part of russia ; many ancient historical cities have been preserved on its territory. volkhov mtsensk on vasilievna from moscow to orel by rail . approximately 400 km travel time by train 4 hours also can the city be reached by bus or by car? the birthplace of the writer and publicist ivan sergeevich turgenev, the city of youth of the first russian nobel laureate in literature ivan bunin with the oryol land the lives of nikolai leskov afanasy fet leonid andreev mikhail prishvin are connected, but oryol is interesting not only for its literary heritage.

the city of military glory, and the city of the first salute, orel can tell a lot about the military history of the country in the center of the eagle on the strelka at the confluence of the orlik and oka rivers , the oldest stone building of the city , the epiphany cathedral, proudly stands in its place, the ancient slavic settlement later a fortress appeared on the strelka, which laid the foundation for the modern city. founded the fortress in 1566 by decree of tsar ivan iv the terrible about the construction of the fortification, the king took during the inspection of the southern border lands, then the situation in the muscovite state was very disturbing entry of the russian state into the livonian war very sharply raised the question of a war on two fronts. relations with the crimean khanate were no longer so hot. what by that time and the prospect

of fighting on two fronts, of course, the western direction was also needed. it was important in trade relations and the southern direction. it was important. in terms of security, including moscow along the border of the crimean khanate passed just here on the territory of the oryol region, where the eagle now stands. it was , let's say, the moscow side. and the fact that there is a river to the south, rybnitsa is. this is the crimean khanate. the new notch line was supposed to protect the southern borders of the fortress state. the eagle in the chain of fortifications was built as one of the strongholds. with the name of ivan the terrible, the legend also connects the appearance of the name near the city, a symbol that can be found everywhere. fluttered. now the owner of these places

has already flown, said tsar ivan, and proclaimed that the name of the whole city, orel well, of course, the name of the eagle comes from the river. and orlik or orel , by the way, say that linguists believe that this name comes from the turkic orlik from here. what does the arrow of the arrow mean, if we look from above at the confluence of the georgic, it really resembles an arrow that withstood sieges, the tatar fortress, orel was devastated at the very beginning of the 17th century during the troubled time, they considered the oryol border oryol to be their own in orel and false dmitry and false dmitry ii troops. pan lisovsky was robbed of the surroundings and only in 1615 under the eagle. at tsarev ford, prince dmitry pozharsky defeated his troops. over the next few centuries,

hostilities bypassed the oryol lands, but not far from the eagle, an unusual architectural monument of military history by a russian-turkish warrior of the 18th century was preserved. five kilometers from the eagle there is an amazing structure on 20 hectares, just 7 hectares less than the moscow kremlin , there is a structure that resembles a military a fortress, but this is not a fortress, this fence of a manor's estate, which is a symbolic monument to the first annexation of crimea to russia in the eighteenth century. the fact is that the authors are the creators of this composition. e, count and all russian orders, liler film marshal one of the sixty-four glorious russian marshal mikhail fedotovich, kamensky was a participant in all wars, the second half of the 18th century knew several russian tsars and queens closely and ultimately. uh, his victory over turkey in the russian-turkish wars. uh, led to so that a bunch of energy peace was signed,

thanks to which crimea first became independent, and soon became part of the russian state. founded as a fortress city, orel became a participant in bloody battles in the twentieth century , a monument to the famous aircraft designer nikolai polikarpov reminds of the pre-war period. nikolai nikolaevich was the founder of the soviet school of aircraft engineering , the oryol military history museum devotes almost 2 years to the details of the military history of the region. oryol and most of the region were under nazi occupation. orel was among the nine ancient narrow cities most severely affected by the great patriotic war by government decree. it was subject to, but first of all, restoration, of course. damage. it was very large, practically in orel there was not a single whole house left, of course, it is very difficult for civilians.

on october 3, 1941, oryol captured the fourth tank division of the guderian group, gein himself with guderian recalled that his tanks drove into the city so rapidly that the streets were still there were trams, but the ease of the victory was deceptive. the further advance of guderian to moscow was stopped by the tank brigade, the future first guards under the command of mikhail katukov under the eagle, the katukovites received a baptism of fire. first, it means that the battles on thirty-fours and kv-1 and at the heights in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe village of ivanovskaya, they took the first battle and already up to mtsensk. if only dorian left quickly, the house left these 20 km for 5 days. that is , they were kept near the ring. uh, as far as they could pretty much demanded durians and delaying the offensive in the battles of mtsensk and orlat tankists katukovtsy. for the first time, the tactics of tank ambushes were used and the false front line

was learned to outplay the pedantic. a predictable enemy here, for the first time , t-34 tanks showed their superiority in battle. the memorial to the tank guards and the monument to the soviet soldier perpetuate the feat of the defenders at the foot of the bronze soldier buried 40 soldiers of the red army and two pilots who liberated the oryol region, their remains were found by search engines during a regional memory watch action. how many lives were claimed by the war in the oryol region it is not known for certain and the researchers say that the final number is unlikely to be established. there is a place on the orel land, which was called death valley, this is the highest point of the krivtsov heights on the left bank of the oka in a small section of the front. the fighting continued uninterruptedly for almost two years

and was positional in nature. three front-line strategic offensive operations were carried out here. the task of these operations was only one to take, the city of orel in the battles on the kremtsovskiy heights took part more 40 soviet divisions were the life of the division in these battles. measured literally in days, the personnel of the offensive actions of the division of the series averaged three to five. not far from the krivtsovsk heights, near the front line, there was the village of spasskoye lutovinovo and the estate of the writer ivan turgenev in a large mass grave in the manor park of the restored barsky house, soldiers who liberated these lands from the nazis were buried in

a small museum of the fire arc search association, documents of fighters and fragments of equipment are stored . found personal items help to restore the dead by the summer of 1943, the soviet command was faced with the task of seizing the strategic initiative to launch an offensive along the entire front. the first of a series of military operations was operation kutuzov, it was necessary to cut off the dangerous ledge of the oryol bulge and occupy oryol. in the center of the eagle, a monument was erected to general leontyev gurtyev, who died during the liberation of the city on august 3, 1943, during a mortar attack, he covered with his body the commander of the third army, general humpback 12 july an offensive operation began and only

on august 5 did soviet troops enter the city of orel , that is, in fact, a distance of 50 km, they walked for almost a month. e daily losses of the soviet troops were almost 11,000 people. the division was lost every day. the liberation operation inscribed in the history of the eagle, another name of the nobel laureate in literature in the army , general gorbatov, participated in the liberation of the eagle and fought the great russian writer alexander to marry. on he was in the art intelligence troops, whose front-line actually fought for the lines. he crossed the front line, was a gunner of artillery, soviet troops, he was one of the first to go to the city of orel and for the liberation of the city of orel he received the order of the patriotic war of the first degree. turned around in the sky volunteers of the french air squadron of normandy fought on the road in them along with the soviet pilots