yes, my dear that she passed the pre-defense, but i had no doubt. this should be noted. especially since i have a day off tomorrow.

millions of years ago, the waves of the ancient sea lapped over the expanses of europe; the waves of the ancient sea gradually receded, exposing sedimentary rocks along the don river and its tributary , the seversky donets; chalky landscapes formed among the gullies and valleys; from moscow to belgorod by rail 700 km. traveling by train will take 7 hours while traveling by plane. 1 hour 20 minutes, belgorod is a large regional center on its shady streets, boulevards and squares , ancient churches and modern buildings with glass and metal facades harmoniously coexist.

take a walk around the city, you can learn a lot about the military history of the russian state - the breath of the steppe. the field was always felt by the inhabitants of these places, many slavic, and then russian settlements were destroyed by warlike nomads even after the collapse of the powerful state of the steppe peoples the golden horde of the southern border of the muscovite kingdom remained vulnerable. in the 16th century , danger often came to russia from the expanses of the steppe. and these were large masses of cavalry, and after the collapse of the horde, those khanates that arose on its ruins began to make constant raids on the central populated entrances of russia and the main goals were now not the military destruction of fortresses, but most importantly the capture of prisoners. in the 16th century

, new powerful fortresses were erected across the tatar roads by the sakm russian one of them belgorod to build a fortress on the right bank the seversky donets in 1593 was commanded by the last tsar of the rurik family, fyodor ioannovich, but as time has shown, even the most formidable citadels were not enough to protect against fast nomads. it turned out that it was impossible to prevent raids based on the use of such single fortresses, and as a result, in 1635, the idea of ​​\u200b \u200bbuilding a new defensive line arose, which would later be called these fortifications. firstly, they closed the possibility of fast movement of large

muscovites. this, too, may seem incomprehensible to modern man. well , just as a 3 m high shaft can stop one cavalryman, so the fortification will not be stopped. but when this mass moves, 10,000 horsemen, 20,000 horsemen, and also the tatar cavalry. uh, always going on a run took two or three spare horses with her. that is, this is an even larger array and the effect occurs. here is such an obstacle that greatly slows down the movement, and the military population in belgorod reminiscent of the majestic temple of the end of the xvii century. assumption nicholas cathedral. this is the oldest and surviving church in the city, according to legend, the cathedral was built on a donation from emperor peter himself. the place was not chosen by chance. the soldiers of the belgorod regiment were stationed here and they built a church thanks to the military, the city received its coat of arms,

the belgorod infantry regiment is the unit that built the famous redoubts on the poltava field, which made it possible to bring down the main blow. e, the first blow of the swedish army and in commemoration of these events this valor, which was shown during the years of the battle of poltava, the regiment received in 1712 a new regimental banner on which the emblem of a lion was depicted as a symbol of sweden and an eagle soaring above it, and these two symbols the lion and the eagle have been preserved by modern belgorod symbols. the merciless 20th century erased many bright monuments of antiquity from the face of belgorod the devastating events of the great patriotic war reminds of dozens of monuments

close to the front line and several times passed from hand to hand, the distant park of the city was used by the invaders as a place of shootings and executions. almost 3,000 people rest in mass graves. now the park is finally called the square of memory, belgorod was liberated during the battle of kursk, a fierce battle, which historians called the fiery arc by the spring of 1943. the front line is a ledge, it is also called a growth or the kursk bulge is located in the depths, the city of kursk gives the name to this configuration, the length of the kursk arcs 550 km deep 150 wide 200 km, a huge territory, which will become the territory of the decisive events in the summer of 1943. the very configuration of the front in this area

pushed hitler to attack in converging directions from belgorod and orel. the wehrmacht army was supposed to cut off the kursk ledge and surround the soviet troops. the leadership of the third reich called the operation citadel after the defeat at stalingrad , hitler wanted to take over. revenge. and although fu. rera plaid german military leaders that after the defeat at stalingrad, the troops it is too early to start the offensive, but it is extremely necessary for him; the two opposing sides understand that it is here that the fate of both the great patriotic war and the second world war as a whole will be decided for the fascist group, which acted from the belgorod region on the southern face of the kursk bulge, the main directions were charming city, and in short, but the nazis were met by soldiers

of the red army with heavy fire near the village of yakovleva 624 km of the motorway moscow simferopol reminds of stubborn resistance a memorial in honor of the heroes of kursk battles around it, several decades after the war, traces of military battles could be found. i pressed this place here to celebrate victory day. it was the only place where the belgorod people gathered, it was the fiery arc that the prokhoruka had not yet equipped like that. here is the armor here is a german tank. here we find the armor of a german tank destroyed right. here in the grass, the painting and stainless seams that were on the tanks failed, the tanks were precisely stainless seams. here, mostly german, that's all. it was seen by hitler in the company of summer 1943 of the year, he relied on new weapons

- the tiger and panther tanks, the ferdinand self-propelled artillery mount, attack aircraft fighters, but the nazis did not take the yakovlev strategic height. wehrmacht soldiers were forced to turn towards the prokhorovka railway station. in belgorod, an ensemble of the victory park was formed for several decades, the battle of kursk belgorod direction in the museum you can learn about the history of the military battles of 1943, documents , photographs, personal belongings of the participants in the battles tell about the battle of kursk in detail. here it becomes clear the scale and significance of the turning point battle of the great patriotic

war on the fiery arc. the central place in the museum is occupied by a diorama. it recreates the events of a tank battle on the prokhorovka field. these are not abstract events - this is a height of 252.2. and we are in the middle of a fight. uh, the 29th tank corps of the thirty-first tank brigade and the artists reflect to us, uh, the confrontation of the soldiers, primarily the tank armies of the fifth guards tank army, and general alekseevich’s clan, mistrov, most of their figures are soldiers and commanders of the red the armies that we see, reflected on the canvas , are really participants in the event of july 12, 1943 . on the site of the prokhorovka field , a monument to the belfry was erected between the pylons and fixed to the battalion bell. through out

, the belfry was erected in 1995 at the highest point of the historical field , 2/5 of the army fought in these places, reminiscent of the dead soldiers. guards combined arms army of alexei zhadov and the tank army. paul growth. they fought intense battles for almost a week from july 10 to july 16, not only on the prokhorovka field, but also in the radiation of the river psel. along with the kulikovo field and the borodino field, the prokhorovka field received the status of one of the main places of the country's military glory. this is the third military field of russia, 6 km from the prokhorovka field near the prokhorovka railway station, there is a museum complex of the same name. its area is almost 5.000 m². the exhibits in the halls of the museum tell how the events unfolded on the southern face of the kursk bulge.

visitors will learn real stories about the exploits of soviet soldiers medical doctors of the civilian population only stubborn resistance the self-sacrifice of the soviet people helped stop the nazis further than prokhorov's. fields, wehrmacht soldiers did not go through an offensive operation. the citadel was torn down. here the nazi command finally lost the strategic initiative and victory. on the kursk bulge became a turning point in the history of the great patriotic war, belgorod is often called the city of the first salute, because indeed the first salute in the history of the great patriotic war. memories of victory was given in honor of the liberation of the cities, belgorod and oryol. is not by chance, because it is really 1943. this is a turning point year. this is the period when the fate of the war was decided on the battlefields and on the battlefield of kursk. august 23 the day

of the defeat of the nazi troops in the battle of kursk is marked in the russian calendar as a day of military glory? hallelujah , connecting lake ladoga and the baltic sea , the neva river has been part of the great trade route from scandinavia to the arab caliphates of byzantium since the ninth century. under the neva

, it belonged to veliky novgorod and was called vot appetina, but strategically the advantageous territory between lake ladoga and the neva bay of the gulf of finland has repeatedly aroused interest. near the neighboring states of the leningrad region, located in the north-west of russia, the region borders on two states of estonia and finland, the distance by rail from moscow to st. petersburg is 650 km, the travel time by high-speed train is about 4 hours by plane and an hour and a half. st. petersburg, founded in 1703, was the capital of the russian empire for more than two centuries, the city of citadel was built according to the plan of emperor peter i on the waterway to western europe and became the largest port in the baltic, but even 460 years before the founding of st. petersburg on the banks of the neva , there was a famous battle with the swedish

army of the squad of prince alexander yaroslavich. in honor of the glorious victory. the prince received the nickname nevsky the neva battle took place in 1240. at the confluence of the izhora rivers. willows, in the area of ​​​​the modern city of ust-izhorda, canonized commander alexander nevsky is considered one of the patrons of russian troops after the october revolution of 1917, the capital was again moved from st. petersburg to moscow from 1924 to 1991, the city was called leningrad in honor of the leader of the socialist revolution vladimir lenin during the great patriotic war, leningrad was besieged by the troops of hitler and his allies from leningrad. they spent almost 900 days and nights in a military blockade, their steadfastness became a symbol of invincibility and courage. the blockade of leningrad

began on september 8, 1941, when the wehrmacht troops occupied the city of shlisselburg at the source of the neva, only the ancient fortress oreshek on a small island remained unconquered, serving as an outpost since the 14th century, the powerful walls and towers of the fortress became a shelter for the garrison of the red army 350 people held the defense of the fortress for almost 16 months, being at the forefront of the battle for leningrad, the first tiers of washington turned into a basement and after filling in the 18th century around the fortress of bastions on the orders of peter i and behold, they served both dugouts and places where the garrison was located. there were also teams and observation posts, but people were still on, one might say, open areas. the territory of the fortress was so visible

from the side of the left bank, the river, the neva, the fortress protected the approaches to the road of life, the only way from the besieged city to the mainland. it started from the western coast from cape asinovets not far from the lighthouse, which during the blockade served as a guide for ships, in summer and trucks, in winter the road of life museum operates. the wehrmacht troops fired on the ladoga route around the clock, the germans corrected the fire of the sinyavino heights captured in the first months of the war, despite numerous heroic attempts to take control of the sinyavino heights, it was possible only in january 1944 for the red army. on this sector of the front , the capture of nevsky piglet of a small piece of land between the village of pavlova and the city of kirovsk became strategically important, this bridgehead played an important

role in breaking through the cloud of loss of soviet troops. on the nevsky patch, according to various estimates , there were up to 250,000 people for a long time after the end of the great patriotic war due to the large accumulation of fragments from shells, shells and weapons in the ground. not even grass grew in this place. september forty-one e., it was on this territory of january forty -four that there were practically continuous attempts to save the city of lenin by advocacy, in which about a million people were killed by the terrible enemy by starvation. all these here are numerous, not always successful attempts to break through the blockade. these were certainly attempts to save the world's population. in the sixties , a green belt of glory appeared in the leningrad region with a chain of reals at the battlefields for leningrad

; which was beaten off. the germans. in the course. ust tosno operation. the first obelisk appeared during the war in 1944. stelus was designed and installed by a soviet architect. vasily petrov in place. the death of his fellow soldiers. he himself participated in the battles. on this sector of the front, passing along the neva , if all the same, those attempts to overcome the neva and move further, then finnish troops were already less than 40 km away. this is the closest place and it is here that their connection would most likely occur. what's next, of course the blockade of leningrad slammed and the city would have been taken by enemy troops, but our army held precisely this line on

the opposite bank of the river. one of the most majestic monuments of the green belt of glory was installed. the nameless height of the twenty-meter pyramid is crowned with a sculpture of a woman and trees symbolizing life. during the blockade of leningrad, therefore, the front line of defense passed along the coast. for decades, search teams have found thousands of fragments of equipment based on them on the battlefields in the city of vsevolozhsk the museum appeared. battle for leningrad named after zinoviy, kolobanov. it's, well, a living history format. each museum object is a subject of our national pride. behind each exhibit stands the fate of a person. soldiers defender of the fatherland is closely related to the history of the museum's name in honor of the legendary tanker zinovy ​​kolobanov, on which

lieutenant lastochkin fought, he entered kolobanov's mouth at the time. this is a battle that took place on august 19, 1941, and 43 were destroyed when in one battle, and a half-company of heavy tanks kv-1 german tanks and only tanks. zinoviev kolobanov was destroyed, 22. corporative, that is, this battle has no analogues in military history. the tank as did not become a hero of the soviet union for that battle, senior lieutenant kolobanov was awarded only the order of combat, red knowledge on the east bank of ladoga, in the small village of kabona it operates, another museum of equipment raised from the bottom of the lake from kabona during the war began its journey transport caravans in besieged leningrad. only in the first winter in the besieged city in the ice. were delivered thousands of tons of food and

fuel created a huge transshipment base with a developed network of railways, all of these port facilities at different times. more than 20,000 people worked on the road of life. this is the staff of the road of life employees, including drivers and loaders and sailors. which were built in five months, received people, equipment, fuel and other goods. how was the road of life organized, and the role of scientists in its arrangement and the working conditions of drivers can be found in the cabona museum of the road of life? in kobu, the st. nicholas church was not preserved, in which during the blockade of leningrad there was a shelter for the inhabitants of the city who were taken to the mainland, according to the recollections of eyewitnesses. inside the church. it was always very quiet, the exhausted people did not even have the strength to moan. on january 18

, 1943, during the offensive operation iskra, the forces of the leningrad and volkhov fronts in the junction of the siege of the city and stitch were lifted. in the places of fierce battles near the village of maryino there is a museum-reserve breaking through the blockade of leningrad diorama of the museum displays the forcing of not you during operation iskra, a three-dimensional panorama recreates one of the days of the battles of january forty-three. it was created by masters, many of whom themselves participated in search operations on the battlefields . cooled down battlefield, as for the characters, they were selected specially, and by the staff of our museum-reserve according to folk places. were

connections with relatives. i mean, well, they got autobiographies of these people's biographies, and that's it. these are specific people who on this very day, january 13, 1943. several piglet panorama fought on this site, as if frozen in the moment of battle, visitors can look into the trenches and dugouts to see the faces of the heroes. among them, cynologist margarita menshagina from the thirty-fourth separate battalion of the leningrad front, which was called the girls' team, with the help of dogs , sappers delivered shells to the front line. they laid communication and took out the wounded from the field, the battle corridor, which was then broken through. it was very narrow. it was a corridor between lake ladoga and the sinyavino heights. the width of this ladoga corridor was only 8 km. a railway was built there, and for almost the entire remaining 43

years it worked in close proximity to the enemy literally under the noses of the germans under artillery fire on january 27, 1944 , during the krasnoselskaya ropsha operation , leningrad was completely liberated from the blockade. the history of the great patriotic war continued for several more months, the defense of leningrad was of great strategic importance, the nazi command was deprived of the ability to maneuver and could not transfer troops to other areas, including moscow or stalingrad for the mass heroism and courage of the defenders in 1965 , leningrad was awarded the title hero city.