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today it's cold, tomorrow it's warm. first the snow, then the rain, then the sun - it’s a privilege. in the near future, the sky is guaranteed to be overcast, and rain can fall at any moment, so it is better to always have a probe with you. the scandinavian cyclone is actively controlling the weather; its center has moved to the arkhanel region, where it will occur with heavy precipitation in the form of rain and sleet . the same situation is in karelia in arkhangelsk in petrozavodsk in the daytime up to plus2 to +100 only in kaliningrad, veliky novgorod and pskov it will rain everywhere. in the center, the day will follow the same scenario, its author is still the same scandinavian cyclone, a predictable plot: rain, no sun and wind in some places up to 15 m/s. a little further south in the black earth region there will be everything except rain. this whirlwind will not touch the south, the pressure is growing, there will be much less clouds, the sun will come out, and the temperature in some places will rise to the twenty-degree mark. not everything will be everywhere so smooth, light rains are still possible in the republics of the north caucasus on the black sea coast of the krasnodar region.

it's raining in the capitals. the weather is windy, and the temperature does not fit into the climate norm. in st. petersburg it is four times higher. tomorrow afternoon it will be +6, in moscow - +9, and this is 7 degrees above the climate norm. but by this time i have all the information about the weather. all the best to you and see you on the ntv channel. this is the whale on which our nuclear world stands, and it is not a bomb at all, no, it was an atomic bomb for 20 years already, the world had already gone through the first nuclear crisis, missiles were made like sausages, as a satisfied khrushchev stated, and then

it suddenly became clear that the soviet leadership did not have a clear military doctrine regarding the use of these same sausages. no , of course, in the cpsu program there was a certain thesis that we would never be the first to use nuclear weapons, but we would respond to an attack by an aggressor with a triple blow. and that's all. why is it asked in triple? how to ensure it technically in conditions of total destruction expected by such weapons. what the procedure for making a decision on the use of nuclear weapons, who personally, a few minutes after information about the launch of enemy missiles, will make this decision, who personally? the situation was corrected in sixty-nine, a nuclear doctrine appeared, it guaranteed a counter strike, but how to ensure this strike? two

facts become key: time and accuracy. the sooner you know about the launch of enemy missiles, the greater the likelihood of a timely response, and the less likely it is that this launch will take place at all, but how to find out about the launch? straightaway after the signing of the doctrine, work begins on a missile attack warning system for early warning systems. this will be the most expensive toy of the decade; half of the soviet union's military budget will be spent on it. for this half-budget, 30-40 minutes of time will be purchased, of which only a few minutes will be for making a decision on a retaliatory strike, and the rest will be needed for its implementation. the whale on which our nuclear world stands is the antenna of the first echelon of the missile attack warning system, the echelon of the earliest space warning, it and gives you that treasured half hour and keeps you from

getting hit by the very fact of its existence. the antenna communicates with satellites, which from an altitude of 35-40 km can see the launches of american missiles and transmit information to the ground. the first satellite had four, at the end of the eighty-second satellite system for detecting the launches of intercontinental ballistic missiles, okko, as it was called, went on combat duty. it was hard work, creating and building computers that had never existed before, combining completely different elements into one system, which is the only one and can provide deterrence. and everything is in the mode needed yesterday, similar. in history as a period of détente, but this period, along with

the seventies, ended. 12:00, ballistic missile detected, eastern region. on the night of september 26, the eye's satellite system was activated; the system reports the launch of a ballistic missile with a minuteman class nuclear warhead from a military base on the west coast of the united states. maybe there was a mistake, it’s unlikely, it’s been a long time

coming. april 4, 83, eastern outskirts of the soviet union, not an outskirts, not even a fragment, homeless an island in the pacific ocean in the series of the small kuril ridge. 10 by 10 km in total is called green, once shibotsuto of the japanese habamai archipelago. there is no one and nothing on the island except silence, the soviet police outpost, there it is... the remains of

unknown military planes suddenly rushing towards the island. on april 4, the alarm everyone arrived at the airfield, they were preparing planes with three drop tanks , this is for maximum range, and all the missiles were armed... vladimir cherenkov, then an air force lieutenant colonel, flies mig-23 fighters and flies often, not a single one is almost combat duty does not pass without a sortie to intercept a potential enemy, his planes fly to the soviet borders, like vehicles on fire, i will say, there were a lot of them, until september 1, 1983, there were more than four... thousand rises from the duty flight, from the beginning of the eighty-third year to september 1, 4,000 lifts, this is a lot, in 8 months 4,000 combat sorties of only one air division, its three regiments, its

seventy aircraft, and so on throughout the vast perimeter of the soviet union. this is psychological warfare, a war of nerves, then us bombers fly over the north pole and soviet radars are withdrawn. frenzied screaming to the point of headaches at all levels, then front-line fighters are testing the air defense somewhere in asia, here and there, sometimes several times a week, air raids, they will fly in for no reason, fly away for no reason, then everything will stop, only in order to resume with renewed vigor, but the violation did not reach, well, it flies towards our border, and then it will be... that they will not have anything to wait for. and then it came to a violation. american planes fly over border outpost of zeleny island, and this means an invasion of soviet airspace by at least 40 km. how to answer.

1,000 km from here on the mainland in the city of sovetskaya gavan near the tatar strait , pilot cherenkov and his comrades were alerted. there is no one closer who will not help. non-flying weather. got high. there was fog, the runway was icy, that is, it was impossible to take off, it was the same on sakhalin, the harbor from the island of iturup is 750 km away, that is, if there was still something to fight there back there, to drive it away, the fuel would be for there was not enough return, so the preliminary decision was that if you need to fly out, it means going out to this ruble there to drive away the adversaries and then take them to

sakhalin, if at that time the weather has not changed and there are no conditions for landing, it means ejecting over sakhalin, the people were to ready for this. the american planes over the deserted green island turned out to be large-sized a7s, corsairs. they have an affectionate nickname from the pilots - ugly little bastards. these bastards. that is, their base is aircraft carriers, these six are isolated, only insignificant part of the armada concentrated north of the island. near the alliud islands, near kamchatka, there is a large-scale exercise of the american fleet flitex 83. three aircraft carriers are participating. american admirals say this is the first time there has been such a scale since world war ii. 40 ships, five submarines, 300 aircraft and 2,300 personnel. interaction and use of forces in

close proximity to the troops of the soviet far east. later, on the pages of the newspaper pravda, soviet defense minister dmitry ustinov noted that the military exercises becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish from the actual deployment of armed forces for aggression. the soviet minister, of course, had in mind opponents from the nato bloc, but frankly speaking, the contrals, the ussr and the warsaw pact countries are opposing at least with dignity, a year earlier, in the summer of eighty-two, shield exercises swept across the socialist bloc, culmination, no more, no less , practicing a preemptive nuclear strike, according to the legend of the exercises, in response to provocative actions of the united states and nato countries. all training launches were carried out nuclear triad, a medium-range missile hit a target in kazakhstan from the kapustinr test site near astrakhan. two intercontinental ones took off from launch silos near baikanur. missiles from the barin sea, launched

by a nuclear submarine in an underwater position, set off and reached their destination at the kamchatka test site kura, a sea- based missile. several cruise missiles were sent to targets by strategic bombers and naval ships, satellites and satellite interceptors were launched into space, all in one day, moreover, for 7:00 one day. hello, comrades! congratulations on the successful completion of the maneuvers. the western press called the unprecedented soviet exercise a seven-hour nuclear war, and the world was impressed. in eighty-three, it was the turn of the united states to surprise the world. on march 23, in a televised address, president ronald reagan spoke about the enormous military power of the soviet union. bringing. there are many numbers against the background of which the merits of the american

military-industrial complex pale; reagan summarizes: this soviet military power is not of a defensive nature. behind over the past decade and a half, the soviets have developed a massive arsenal of new strategic nuclear weapons that could directly strike the united states. they have built far more intercontinental ballistic missiles than are needed simply to deter attack. their conventional military forces are trained. equipped not so much for defense as for their own surprise attack. the purpose of the information that regan confidentially communicates to his people is not to intimidate them, but to sell the idea under his sauce. let me share with you a vision a future that gives hope. we are embarking on a program to counter the soviet missile threat through defensive measures. what if free people could live in peace, knowing that their safety was not at stake. from the likelihood of immediate us retaliation to deter

a soviet attack, what if we could intercept missiles before they reached our territory. reagan's idea is called the strategic defense initiative. the american press gives it a more scathing name, star wars. another episode of the saga at this time on the big screens of america. return to the decisive battle between the forces of good and evil. return to a galaxy far, far away. the us foreign policy department learns about the idea 2 days before its announcement. secretary of state george shultz grabs his head and manages to soften some of the wording and include at least a mention of the anti-ballistic missile treaty in the text. in fact, this is the cornerstone

of deterrence. 10 years ago, the ussr and the usa agreed that they would install only one pro system each. around the capital, americans around the base of intercontinental missile launchers, because the presence of total cover leads to some impunity, and therefore increases the likelihood of an escalation of a local conflict to a full-scale nuclear war, reagan’s idea of ​​a space shield over america does not violate this structure, it destroys it. the secretary of state managed in advance, literally on the run... read the upcoming address of the soviet ambassador anatoly dobrynin, he instantly made a diagnosis: this is a new phase of the arms race, also andropov also reacted: arms race in space. reagan instantly breaks the routine of the cold war, taking out like old rubbish all

the supporting structures of the achieved equilibrium, the complex, intricate spontaneous self-construction of international détente that had been built over the years. the reason was the aggressive foreign policy of the soviet union, intervention in the civil war in angola, the introduction of troops into afghanistan, attempts to suppress the solidarity movement in poland. reagan, an experienced anti-communist, made his mark in the post-war era, when, as president of the hollywood actors guild, he monitored the political purity of its ranks. they wanted law and order in the city, and they got it. i'll shoot the first one who steps on the porch. he was hunting for communists. and in this capacity he was an fbi informant under the code t-11. having become president, he proclaims a crusade against communism. two weeks before the announcement of star wars, reagan calls the soviet union an evil empire. in debating

the nuclear freeze proposal, i urge you to beware of the temptation of pride, the temptation to blithely declare oneself above it all. and hang over. it was some kind of passing speech before the national association of evangelists; no one expected anything from this speech. the state debt once again was not aware of the details. but is it worth it after such rhetoric to be surprised by american planes over the distant border of the country, and where did you work in the war without a terrible retiree, you would be old from here, you shouldn’t have said

there, some peasant praises him, teaches him to love his homeland, this is my business and my responsibility. with galkin under the order of the motherland, retiree, defense grandfather and close combat, quietly, i kill immediately, today at 12:30 on ntv, ambulance, new season, tomorrow at 20:00 on ntv, everyone is delighted with the taste of aromatic freshly brewed coffee at a delicious point for everyone who loves coffee. 11:11 sale is in full swing, drill screwdriver for 799, mimiso diapers and panties for 599, shark trousers for 1499. sberbusiness presents a green week of discounts, become a client of sberiznes and take advantage of the

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horses, a black one and a red one, and a vacuum cleaner bull on the farm. is it a little honor? soviet commanders did not risk people and aircraft. the pilot cherenkov, alerted in the soviet harbor, remained at his airfield. we increased the level of combat readiness and no longer lowered it, unnerving flights to actually, they never stopped after the start of the cold war, it’s just that after may 1, 1960, when an american u-2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down in the sky over the urals, its pilot gary powers appeared before the military board of the supreme court and received 10 years, american intelligence officers stopped violating soviet borders, now they have been tapping the soviet defense at a distance since 1962, a boeing

rc-135 radio reconnaissance aircraft, a modification of the rivet joint , has been circling the soviet borders, mapping the air defense of the ussr. other arci-135 modifications of cobra bol are grazing near coast of kamchatka with all possible receivers for intercepting telemetric parameters, with two cameras under the characteristic black right wing to protect the lenses from light exposure. these cobras record the testing of soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles, warheads, which are flying to the kamchatka kura test site. 11,000 objects of the soviet air defense system were mapped by the americans over 20 years of reconnaissance missions, and these flights themselves over so many years became a ritual routine for both sides: tense parity, surveillance observing. in the sky they know about the watchful eye of the soviet air defense. on the ground, methodical loops and eights of american intelligence officers are recorded. another such intricate circling

is observed by air defense crews on duty in northeastern kamchatka at night. on september 1, eighty-three. nothing unusual booing rc135 cobrall appears on soviet radar screens 10 times a month. this means that the kura test site is preparing to receive the next test missiles. a second notch appears. the first one is getting closer to her. also common. air defense calculation identifies the new target as the tanker. cobras spend so much time in the air without refueling. in the air it is rare, the distance is reduced, there are only 150 km between both sides, just like a refueling station, but to the amazement of the combat crew, the second target is moving in a straight course and is not moving towards the cob reconnaissance aircraft, towards soviet airspace, the request from someone else is left unanswered: no air routes does not pass over these places, and civil aviation reports that

there are no aircraft in this area now, either... the target enters the airspace ussr, passes obliquely throughout kamchatka, flying in a no-fly zone, from a supposed tanker, the target has previously been reclassified as a reconnaissance aircraft, another ar-135 reconnaissance aircraft, fighters are scrambled, but in the darkness of the night they are not only unable to identify the intruder, they don't even have time to find him before he leaves soviet airspace, towards the sea of ​​kokhote. the chase relay passes from kamchatka to sakhalin. the sakhalin radar screens are still as dark as this night. and the air defense troops have already been brought to full strength combat readiness. three fighters are scrambled to intercept. two from here the sakhalin military airfield sokol. the command post, which, by the way, has not changed at all since then.

the technology is still the same. the first fighter to share. the main work starts from here 6 minutes after the corresponding order. and while he is gaining altitude, the command informs all services that the potential intruder is a military target, and in case of violation of the state border, it is subject to destruction. maybe this is reinsurance, which sounds in earthly language how the enemy can be armed, and this reasonable, generally reinsurance , imposes restrictions. to the action of interceptors. an interceptor, for example, cannot follow a course perpendicular to the target's course in order to be sure to be noticed, it cannot outpace the target so as not to fall under its fire, it cannot follow its trail, for the same reason, the enemy may have a gun in aft, its place is in the blind spot. and so the pilot of the first su-15, and this is the deputy commander of the air regiment,

lieutenant colonel gennady asipovich, was given orders. identify the target while respecting all these restrictions. osipovich reports that he came within 4-5 km of the target, but could not identify it, it was dark. checking my stranger again did not yield results. osipovich cannot contact a stranger on the international emergency radio frequency. he will lose contact with his headquarters, and soviet rules do not provide for this. from the ground osipovich is asked how many contrails there are from the plane? if there are four, then it is a scout. 135, four tracks. osipovich is asked if he observes the dotted color line portholes on the fuselage, then it is a passenger airliner, sveta asipovich, is not watching. the intruder, with its constant direct course, enters the airspace of the ussr. osipovich receives an order to flash his lights. he blinked, immediately followed by a burst of fire

along the side, he did, there was no reaction, but a minute later the intruder began to climb. there is no more time to make a decision, a little more and the unidentified reconnaissance officer will leave soviet airspace, taking with him the information obtained by flying over restricted areas, in another minute osipovich’s command ground, target destroyed, 3 minutes later from osipovich report, target destroyed, the pilot fired two air-to-air missiles at the intruder, crews on duty, radar stations observed random observations of the descending target for another 10 minutes. at an altitude of 500 m, the target disappeared from the screens near sakhalin in the laprousa strait, somewhere near maneron island. the downed intruder turned out to be a civilian plane of korean airlines, flying the

new york-anchorage sea route, a huge booing 747, humpbacked. 269 ​​people died, passengers and crew, all who was on board. there is a meeting in moscow at the general staff and the politburo. the military is absolutely sure they shot down the scout. even if it was a passenger plane, it was on a reconnaissance mission and flew over all strategic objects. at the same time, neither the crew nor the dispatchers noticed for several hours that the plane had lost its way, fifty kilometers, an unlikely collective. - the military believes, especially against the backdrop of previous antics. diplomats say: we must admit, explain, apologize, defense minister dmitry ustinov thinks it’s unnecessary, no one will prove anything, so

he answers general secretary andropov. there is still no understanding of how a passenger airliner is in general. carrying out a regular flight ended up where he ended up, above the no-fly zone, more than 700 kilometers east of the r-20 air route along which he was supposed to move, but there is already a radio signal of the soviet pilot’s conversations, the same one where the target was destroyed, yet at night, the japanese tracking station transfers it to their american colleagues, the car is destroyed. for some reason this interception, hastily translated, gives reason to think that the soviet pilot identified the intruder as a civilian aircraft, having already identified it,

he destroyed it in cold blood. on the morning of september 1 , america, through the mouth of its secretary of state george shultz, issues a verdict to the whole world: premeditated murder. the united states reacts with outrage to this attack. the soviet union is silent, president reagan makes a statement twice, the first right on the way from the interrupted california vacation at the air base, the second from the oval office in a special address to the nation. both times the most serious accusations against soviet union, a crime against humanity. the causes of the tragedy are not of interest to either side; they will begin to seriously understand it

many years later; in 1983, the disaster was an excellent reason for a new crisis of the superpowers. the brazen provocation and noisy anti-soviet campaign launched by the us administration in connection with this incident is being used by opponents. on september 6, at the un security council, jink patrick, the american ambassador, plays a tape with a radio broadcaster, the target is destroyed, it is heard throughout the meeting room. in parallel, the soviet government, realizing finally, the unreasonableness of his position, makes a statement with the first admission of involvement in the death of liner. soviet fighters were

ordered to abort his flight. on september 8 in madrid, at a long-planned meeting between foreign minister gromyk and secretary of state shultz, the latter publicly and defiantly did not shake hands with the head of the soviet foreign ministry. september 9, an unprecedented press conference in moscow. the chief of the general staff, first deputy minister of defense of the ussr, marshal personally stands with a pointer at the map of the ill-fated region soviet union, nikolai agarkov, with an evidentiary presentation of the version of the provocation of the american intelligence services. it has been irrefutably proven that the invasion of soviet airspace by a south korean airline aircraft was deliberate and carefully planned. operations, it’s too late to explain, for a week now the world has been thundering with thousands of anti-soviet demonstrations with demands , from the safety of civil aviation, to

simple human apologies to the families of the innocent victims of the ill-fated flight, whatever it was, there is a scarecrow in siula andropov. the united states announces a ban on aeroflot planes landing on its territory and calls for an international boycott of cultural exchanges; diplomats compare the intensity of events with the berlin crisis of 1961, when one night around the city, soviet and american tanks stood up against each other at checkpoint charlie. in the second half of september, for the first time in more than 20 years , the soviet foreign minister cancels his trip to new york for a session of the un general assembly. governors of new york and new jersey states that andrei gromyk's plane will not be accepted on their land, where the new york airport is located. by doing this they violate the spirit of the agreement of 1947, the year the organization was created. according to which it is impossible

to prevent a representative of a un member country from entering the office of an organization located in new york. and when the americans are confronted with this at a un meeting, the american diplomat responds like this. if you are not satisfied with the reception you receive here, the united states strongly recommends that un members think about moving themselves and all organizations from american soil. we will not put any obstacles in your way, we will stand on the pier and wave to you as you set sail into the sunset. just a few days later, on the night of september 26, at the command post of the oko system, the space echelon for warning of a missile attack, a siren howled and red lights flashed: start. and the m10 computer confirms the launch of a minnitman-class nuclear-tipped ballistic missile from a military base

on the west coast of the united states. the m10 computer occupies 31 cabinets over an area of ​​325 km. this is the most a powerful computing machine that only exists in the soviet union. it is designed specifically for early warning systems, more than 5 million operations per second, 30 levels of sequential checking, they all match, and the result on the screen is start. and then there is a new flash on the screens, this means a new launch, a second one, and the warning line changes from a short launch to a long nuclear missile attack, one way or another, this is expected, the entire eighty -third year is saturated with the sticky fear of nuclear war, mutual accusations have long grown into

shock, but the apogee is ahead. united the united states is preparing to deploy its persing-2 medium-range missiles and cruise tomahawks in europe. a new concept is entering the life of soviet citizens - flight time. for these pershings it is plus or minus 10 minutes from start to target. and this means that there will be no protection from impact. they will be able to detect it, but not reflect it. every child in the soviet union knows the terrible word "pershing", but even... adults do not suspect that opponents assigned the soviet pioner medium-range missiles, also known as ss-20, as the reason for the appearance of a dangerous neighbor. in nato classification. the pioneers were the step of technological progress. the missiles of nuclear powers became faster and more accurate. this is an arms race in which causes and effects change places just like in the chicken and egg debate. the deployment of the pioneers began back in the seventy-sixth, as a replacement for the previous generation missiles, primarily

the r-12, and not the sss4, the heroin of the first caribbean crisis, the pioneers will become heroes of the second. following its traditions of secrecy and secrecy, the soviet union did not consider it necessary to notify the deployment of new missiles, not that they will become a replacement, and not an addition to existing old ones. potential opponents learned about the new product not from its owners, but from their intelligence agencies, who also reported that the new ss-20 has not a single warhead, but a triple one with individual targeting units. for a couple of years, with increasing bewilderment, the europeans watched a kind of battle with the serpent goranych, when instead of one head of the sss-4, three heads of the sss-20 grew at the beginning of the seventy-ninth year, with the active participation of the american president jimi carter, they secretly agreed on in response to the deployment in europe of american medium-range missiles, that is, those same

pershings. six months later, german chancellor helmud schmid, on his way to tokyo , made a special visit to moscow for a conversation with soviet prime minister alexei kosygin. the goal is to inform the soviet leadership that a compromise is still achievable, if the ussr does not deploy more new pioneers than there were old missile systems, of course, in terms of warheads, but rather reduce their number, taking into account the higher quality characteristics, then the western europe. at a meeting of the politburo , schmit's proposal was angrily rejected by the main soviet hawk, defense minister dmitry ustinov , whatever they wanted. let's reveal our plans, and even correct them, who will guarantee that they will then abandon their plans? imperialist reactionary circles , primarily the united states, under various false pretexts, reject all our proposals; we cannot

indifferently observe how many hundreds of american nuclear missiles are being placed near the threshold of our common socialist home medium range. and no one in the politburo, not even long-time foreign minister andrei gromyko, who still had to sort it all out, dared to object to the king of the defense industry, which dmitry ustinov had been since the war. in the european direction , 460 sss-20 complexes were deployed, that’s 1,380 warheads; there were only 600 old missiles. thus ended the period of détente in international tension. the response to the sharp change in the balance of power was not long in coming. in december 1979, the nato council decided to deploy american missiles in europe. in eighty-three, expecting the inevitable appearance of pershings and tomahawks at their side, the soviet leadership reluctantly sees in them not defensive

european, but strategic american nuclear weapons that will bring the united states victory in the blitz krieg, and even on a foreign field, and this field - europe. they know the war by sight and don’t want to become a battlefield again, but the appearance of medium-range missiles is turning europe, if not into a battlefield, then into a battlefield, for sure. in eighty-three i was in the city of the hero of london, so he observed everything from london. this is yuri kabaladze, in 1983 he was a correspondent for state television and radio in the uk. in england, i saw this with my own eyes, the population. people were simply scared and they didn’t care at all whether america or the soviet union was to blame, that something had to be done to stop this madness, and i will never forget, 500,000 people in london went to this

anti-war demonstration, 500,000 there there were loudspeakers on the roof of the building, i don’t know, they were shouting from above, shame on you, don’t you understand him, all this was organized by the kgb, and you, as honest citizens, must refuse this , it had no effect on anyone, it was such a spontaneous demonstration, of people’s fear, or something, indignation and the desire to stop this, such the history of european countries does not know the scope of protests; in the eighty-third count of participants, the approximate statistics of october. the hague 550.000. hamburg, 400,000, and 4,000 in bonn, the capital of west germany.

chancellor helmut kohl cannot get into the bundestag in the usual way, everything is blocked. his delivered by helicopter. and also paris, stockholm, even the prime minister came out. mr. palm catch, rome, veno, and everywhere hundreds of thousands, hundreds of thousands, hundreds of thousands, but other numbers should surprise, for each of these millions of protesters, 60 tons of nuclear charge in tnt equivalent have been accumulated over the years, in general, for every european 60 tons atom per capita, where is that much, the united states can launch 10,000 warheads at a time, the soviet union - 7,000, power from 50 kilotons to 10 mega, why so many, the planet will be destroyed several times, madness, people form human chains hundreds of kilometers long, and bring with them

the diplomatic missions of countries that hold nuclear weapons. in bon, a six-kilometer cable with toy telephones on both ends is being stretched between the embassies of the usa and the ussr, agree already, guys, hello, vitya, you know that she is dead, there was so much blood that she could not survive, where do people who know ours come from? conversations with her, victim of blackmail, i'm watching you, go, closer than you think, strange things are happening around you, don't find it, or serial killer, i think vitenko, this is flash royale, i didn’t kill anyone, elena sever. i don't believe a word you say anymore. dmitry ulyanov, very blue beard,

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3.411 rubles in green price. well, my war horses are ready. there was movement. come on, tell me in general terms, what is the body there, is it dead? well, apparently his conscience tortured him, here he is all gone. there is a working version, like dirt, i got caught, and that the old one is tired, there is a little, balabol, tomorrow at 22:15 on ntv, and negotiations on the ill-fated medium -range missiles with their insignificant flight time have been stalled in geneva for the second year. even with the crankcase, the united states makes a double decision. first we deploy our missiles, then we agree

on their mutual reduction. then reagan puts forward the zero option. america. does not place, the ussr dismantles its pioneers. head of soviet negotiators, ambassador on special assignments, yuliy kvitsinsky calls the proposal a donut hole. they continue to remain in the position of their so-called zero, actually pseudo-zero, one-sided option, which cannot provide an effective solution to the problem. the soviet union puts forward many of its own options, but they are all taken into account. nuclear potential of great britain and france, and the usa insists that the anglo-french atom is not relevant, it cannot be taken into account, all soviet proposals are knocking like peas on this wall. programs for further arms buildup will not force the soviet union to make

unilateral concessions. we will be forced to respond to the challenge of the american side. torque goes as if everything is happening in the market, and not on the edge of an abyss. in the summer of eighty-three, when there were several months left before the pershings appeared in europe, the soviet union was ready to be left with a number of warheads even less than it had before the year seventy-six, that is, before the deployment of the ss-20, the question: why was it necessary to deploy? diplomats with all their might they are pushing back into the bottle of the nuclear genie, so thoughtlessly released from there by the military, but suspects, on both sides, that no one needs the agreements, neither politicians nor the military industry. little is reported to soviet citizens about the successes of the soviet defense industry, when in europe they protest

against all nuclear missiles in general, and in the soviet union they discredit the aggressive policy of the american administration and the nato military. glorify the peace-loving course of the ussr, on duty, tiredly, i want that in the eyes of my little daughter never happened, never happened threats, reflections, the threat of war, so several generations of soviet people walked around with posters and banners , we have a negative attitude towards the politics of regina , this is a policy of adventure, a policy of war, organized by regional committees, port committees, pravkom and local committees, they served this number, ritual, the meaning of which was lost somewhere in the darkness of the past, only the slogans on the posters and banners changed. the nuclear alarm bells call for action: let’s stop the nuclear threat, together we can and must do this. in the soviet union, fear is on guard

each one separately. and here. civil defense exercise. the endless, widespread development of mysterious standards, it is not clear how and by whom they were calculated. working-class employees, collective farmers, housewives, retired students , in civil defense classes , master methods of protection against modern weapons, learn to act on civil defense warning signals, and provide self -help in case of defeats. studying to work at a factory. first rank, step forward, gases, studies in schools, the standard for putting on a respirator should be able to be followed by all schoolchildren, starting from the second grade, studies everywhere , it seems to have been conceived with good intentions, to give people hope and survival skills,

but it turns out the other way around, an endless rehearsal for a nuclear war and the alarming songs of alexandra pakhmutova, instead of... confidence they sow fear. unlike the last one, in a nuclear missile war there will be no rear, everyone must be prepared for it. true salvation is indestructible russian black humor. during class, children wear gas masks; during recess, the tender child’s psyche processes fear into a classic sadistic rhyme. the little boy found pershing 2. pressed the button on the wing, for a long time the chinese could not understand what kind of fungus appeared along the way, the adults amused themselves with anecdotes , the most famous one is based on the standards, in the event of an atomic explosion you should wrap yourself in a white sheet and slowly crawl to the cemetery,

why slowly, so that don’t create panic, the most optimistic, america has a winged neutron bomb... but what about us, what about us , the utility workers of that time, a terrible thing, of enormous destructive power, as soon as it hits you, no gas, no water, no light, lie down and die . an eerie new vision of the world after a nuclear strike is spreading, everything will burn, it will burn for a long time, forests and oil wells will burn, cities will melt entirely, the bombing of hamburg in 1943 and an unprecedented fire tornado flying through its streets disappearing in flames, the temperature in the city then 800, 800° will turn out to be just a rehearsal, the soot from these long fires will rise into the air, cover the sun,

and cold and darkness will reign on the ground. this horror is no longer folklore, not amateur art, not pseudoscientific fiction, this is the latest scientific hypothesis. the picture was written by the dutch chemist paul krutsson, a future nobel laureate for describing the mechanism of formation of ozone holes in the earth's sphere; in fact, while studying the impact of nuclear explosions on stratospheric ozone, krutsson and his british colleague john birx ran into these inevitable fires. the article by crutzen and birx, the atmosphere after a nuclear war, twilight at noon, appears at the end of the eighty -second in a special issue of the journal of the royal swedish academy of sciences ambio, and an old discussion on the topic of what they get then new breath and flare up like that fire. in fact, the only nuclear experience of mankind was hiroshima and nagasaki, but this experience is almost 40 years old, people have not changed, but bombs have ceased to be

one-piece products, production has long been in flux, the power of charges has increased manifold, and cities have grown manifold. yes, multi-storey buildings are the pride of engineers, and new building materials , various plastics are the pride of chemists, but what kind of draft will these floors create in a fire, like in a furnace, how much... in everyday life will these flammable innovations be released into the atmosphere, what density, the screen will then spread over the ground , will the sun's rays break through it , without which crops do not grow, people do not live , crutzen birx's hypothesis declared itself loudly, the world scientific community immediately set about testing it. the united states outlined possible scenarios and a group of climatologists and astrophysicists sat down. in the ussr , their colleague, climate modeling pioneer, vladimir alexandrov, took up the challenge. the first consequence of a nuclear conflict is a very sharp

drop in temperature. within a few days. three, four or five days. and it will be big. temperatures will drop in the united states, europe, and the soviet union. and this fall will continue for many months, six or more, depending on the scenario. vladimir aleksandrov has been developing methods of computational physics in climatology since the late seventies. by the beginning of the eighties, in the laboratory of the computing center of the academy of sciences, his mathematical model of the general circulation of the ocean atmosphere was already ready in general terms. it will be used to calculate the consequences of a nuclear conflict. what krutsin and beers said, perhaps for the first time, it was clearly said that the environment will be destroyed, not even the environment

, the habitat, countries located far away will suffer from the conflict as terribly as those who will directly participate in it, it became it is clear that the scale of the disaster may actually turn out to be enormous and global. georgy stenchikov, here he is in eighty-three, a graduate of festeh, a young candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, at the monitor of the then super bsm6 calculating the end of the world. if in the atmosphere such an amount of aerosol will be emitted between the thirtieth and seventieth latitude of the northern hemisphere over the continents, then after 39 days, according to calculations, the surface air temperature will drop sharply. here on the chart. the red isotherms show areas of negative temperatures and it is clear that the boundaries of the area of ​​negative temperatures, the first yellow zero isotherm

penetrates deeply - to the south and reaches the subtropics - in continental areas. we are talking about creating a mathematical model of the post-nuclear climate on earth, that is, not just radiation, dark and cold, how dark how cold, mathematically see the catastrophe in development understand... at the end of eighty-three , the results of the calculations will be called nuclear winter. of course, a lot of emotions were associated with this and a lot, a lot of effort was spent on making these calculations , i spent nights in the training center, they gave me the whole car, someone needs help in the ambulance, where it hurts, the pressure is normal, it’s normal to get sick , kulygin’s team is in my office, in full force, don’t miss the continuation of your favorite series, i brought it to you

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crew of the oko satellite system. and the commander that night, lieutenant colonel stanislav petrov, an analytical engineer, he himself participated in the development of computer combat algorithms, which now reports on missile launches. the commander for target 5022 declared readiness number 1. if petrov confirms these launches, then from the main center of the missile attack warning system, information will be sent to the chief of the general staff, the minister of defense and the supreme commander in chief. operators will launch gyroscopes on soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles in anticipation of a decision by the country's leadership on a nuclear retaliatory strike. the leadership has a maximum of 10 minutes for this decision; as soon as the order is received, the commander-in-chief of the b missile forces will transmit a coded version of the response shock and a code for unlocking missile triggers. all combat triggers are ready. the commanders of the combat complexes will simultaneously open the safes with punched program cards using two keys, enter them into the rocket

computers, press the start button , and a nuclear war will begin in 40 minutes. he shouldn’t have been on duty that night , lieutenant colonel petrov. he replaced a sick comrade and on you, a blind lot fell on him. and now he, a man with the most common russian surname and the most ordinary soviet fate, must to clear up the mess brewed by big guys with huge ambitions and gigantic money. petrov requested a check of all systems, ground assets reported, spacecraft and combat programs were operating normally. if everything goes as it is going, then the strategic missile forces will be preparing for a retaliatory launch, which may even turn out to be completely non-response. if petrov... in the truth of these blazing displays, running lines on computer monitors, whose brain fits into 31 cabinets, in the work of a satellite hanging at an altitude of 38,000 m above the earth, if

he doubts all this without reason, then no one will hide from the blow , and the enemy goes unpunished, the evil empire, star wars, a downed plane, pershings are launching, everything is one to one, lieutenant colonel petrov has 3 and a half minutes to decide. time 12:00 minutes a ballistic missile was detected on the artillery, area on the atlantic, area, time 5

minutes 29 seconds, order completed. looking at the monitors, the commander of the combat crew , lieutenant colonel stanislav petrov, shouts into the microphone, we are giving out false information, we are giving out... false information, why did he decide that? because the main thing for him was visual information from the monitors of the command post of the oko system, no one saw the launches of american missiles in them, and he himself did not see them either, the second argument is not machines, people, missile attacks will not begin from one base, and missiles there won't be four, more. then we spent a long time figuring out why such a message appeared at all: either the high-altitude clouds gave a reflection at the border of day and night, or a flaw in the combat program of the computer itself, in the end after all, this space observation system was finally debugged only in the eighty-

fifth year. the story here is not about a malfunction, but about an accident, an accident , which in a tense situation can look like a pattern, how many... there were such terrible, but false alarms, more is known about the american ones, of course, then the radars in greenland will receive the rising of the moon, a massive launch of soviet missiles, and the us air defense command will announce the alarm, it will be canceled when they realize that khrushchev is in new york, at a un meeting, and it is illogical russians to fire, then a solar storm will interfere with the work of the radars, again, the bombers are almost launched , then the computers of all headquarters will simultaneously give out information about the launch of 2000 soviet missiles, while the pilots are running through the cockpits, the military informs the white house, and then it turns out that in the computer one of the command centers accidentally launched a training scenario. protection creates

new threats. randomness is the queen of crisis; attempts to foresee it lead to new coincidences and new crises. the main pain is the accidental launch of missiles. even under kennedy secretary of defense robert mcnamara ordered launch combination locks on all intercontinental aircraft. missiles, when the codes were installed, the strategic air command set all the codes to zero so that they would not interfere with the speedy launch of the missiles, finally, the code system was debugged, then president carter left a list of these codes in his jacket, which he took to the dry cleaner. the heads of the superpowers, of course, have the exclusive power to personally start world war iii. because of a previously built reliable bunker, from

such, for example, this government in the center of moscow, at a depth of 65 m, this is a metro, you can hear the trains, they began to design it almost together with the atomic bomb, as a complete set , so to speak, it was assumed that the country’s leaders would come down here, sit down, judging by the table, and make a decision, but there is the likelihood that the third world war will start by accident. a fatal coincidence of circumstances , incorrect information, failure of complex systems, whatever, and decisions will not be made in comfortable government bunkers, in stuffy cabins and control rooms of missile carriers, not by sweaty general secretaries and presidents lieutenant colonels. the atmosphere of 1983, charged with anger and fear, is the best environment for accidents; the leader... of the super-armed soviet union, yuri

andropov, fears it, perhaps even more than the nuclear strikes themselves. at the beginning of the year, he meets with the candidate for the post of german chancellor, hans jochin vogel, and tells him: there might be a drunken american sergeant or a drug addict at the nuclear button. there was a case when the americans fired missiles at a flock of geese. if these missiles fell on our territory, this could lead to war. in the summer of eighty-three, william averell harriman, the legendary one, visited anandov. us ambassador to the ussr during the second world war, the land lease period and the alliance. to old man harriman, he was 91 years old at the time, andropov read out a statement in which harriman highlighted the main thing in his opinion. today, the american and soviet peoples once again have a common enemy, the threat of war, a horror incomparable to those we have lived through before. and this war may not break out due to malicious intent, it may begin because of a miscalculation. calculation, mistake, accident, it turns out

the boss is also scary. the new weapon, the american pershing 2 medium-range missiles, which are about to go on combat duty in europe, in the eyes of the soviet leadership completely changes the existing system of nuclear parity of the superpowers. the flight range of these pershings is not officially reported. unofficially they call it 1,800 km, which by the way was confirmed, but much later. soviet leadership. do not believe these statements and proceed from a range of 2,500 km. it turns out that those who took off from the base between nurem and stuttgart, the missile reaches the kremlin, and it does so in 6-8 minutes ; moreover, the new arsenal, controlled not by europeans, but by americans, all together transforms this new weapon from a deterrent factor, which the atom was before, into a means of decapitation strike, and

instantaneous. even at the first sighting salvoes of reagan’s rhetoric, the soviet leadership sounded the alarm. in march 1981, brezhnev and andropov spoke at a closed meeting in the kgb. brezhnev shares concerns about us policy under new administration. andropov directly states that the united states is preparing for the unexpected. the start of an intelligence collection operation is announced, which will become the largest in peacetime history, the goal is to monitor signs of military preparations by the united states and nato. everyone, in fact all soviet intelligence officers, were involved in it. a whole program was developed, vryan, called a surprise nuclear missile attack. kabaladze, then a correspondent for state television and radio in great britain, simultaneously carried out... a delicate mission, now he is

a general of the foreign intelligence service, well, war you can’t start, make a decision today, and start it tomorrow, which means we need some signs of preparation for this war, and we had to...’ to track these signs, well, it got to something funny, here the light is on on the sixth floor of the ministry foreign affairs of england, it means they are sitting there, planning something, so canned food has disappeared in england , let’s say, that means, yeah, it’s the army that buys canned food, explain to moscow that in england canned food cannot go missing, if today all the salmon is canned, tomorrow it will be will appear again, but there were some absurd things, but nevertheless , this is all evidence that they really... take this seriously and seriously assume that the west is about to start a war. a permanent operational task was sent out to everyone to reveal nato’s preparations for a nuclear missile attack on the ussr. it contains a list of seven mandatory and thirteen possible areas in which agents

must conduct surveillance. data on hidden evacuation shelters of government officials and documents from the archives. condition of blood banks, observation. behind the centers for making strategic decisions by key figures: control of communication lines, security services, military facilities, nuclear weapons storage facilities, and so on and so forth, right down to monitoring the parking lot at the white house. in total, 292 direct and indirect signs of preparation for a nuclear attack on the soviet union were identified. in the first main directorate of the kgb, the foreign intelligence department , a huge department of 300 people was created to analyze the gigantic masses of incoming people. information, they tell, computer programs were developed to process this big data from the eighties. what is intelligence, it is a large analytical center that collects information, both from agents, from

sources, and from press analysis, all this is concentrated in one place where egghead analysts sit and analyze everything, in the history of intelligence there is... a case, when this or that analyst, without having any sources of obtaining secret information, simply on the basis of open information came to conclusions that are simply perceived, well , clearly, this person has some kind of extraordinary source, maybe he is sitting on meetings of the british cabinet, that is , the level of analytical work in general in such intelligence services as, for example, the kkb, then, the cia, of course, the highest. valuable information comes to the soviet union from the ministry of state security of east germany, the gdr, known throughout the world as the stasi. the stasi became famous due to its foreign intelligence service, which is generally recognized as the strongest not only in eastern europe, but beyond its borders. the creator and head of this service is known in international

competent circles as a man without a face, he elusive. and this man spent his childhood in the soviet union. his father , a german writer, was a communist and a jew, the most terrible combination for germany during the period of national socialism, because from 1934 the family lived in the ussr, russian is his second family, his name is markus wolf. it is known from the western press that gdr intelligence managed to uncover the scale of electronic espionage by nato countries against the countries of eastern europe, including the soviet union. in west berlin. gdr by plane, but also found a technical way to replace ground a station that communicates with aircraft, that is, here you can

imagine, indeed, in the event of a crisis or even in the event of war, what could happen. wolf's agents asked. with its network all structures of the north atlantic alliance. germany, later calculated that five people out of every thousand west germans worked for markus wolf’s department. the quality of his agents, as exemplified by at least one - gungiyom, he served as secretary to german chancellor willy brant. guillem's exposure led to the chancellor's resignation. the name and face of this agent even markus wolff did not know the stasi. his operational pseudonym was in use - tapas. an ordinary german pensioner at one time handed over to the center about 10,000 personally taken photographs of the highest security nato documents. from berlin these photos were sent straight to moscow. topas did not receive a penny for his deadly

work. it was a work of persuasion. so in my old age i am not going to repaint. the marxist topas obtained detailed plans for the future location of pershings for the countries of the eastern bloc, when there were still more of them as soon as they planned to deploy in europe, he obtained a document classified as space secrecy, which contained the entire sum of nato’s knowledge about the military doctrine of the warsaw pact countries, about their means of attack and defense, as well as proposals and conclusions about what to do with it, in general, everything was there, he says, the document contained a conclusion, they won’t start... tapas super agent, how to count them on the fingers of one hand, but it all happened by accident,

he got into nato through an advertisement. and then my wife, who worked in the british military delegation to nato, came home, said: “listen, the international nato headquarters is looking for an economist who speaks languages, who thinks strategically.” that is, it’s just you, why not try it? i submitted the documents. then he was not yet a topaz, much less a super-agent, but simply a native of western germany, a graduate of the faculty of economics of the university of mainz, who continued his studies in brussels, with the name reiner rub, which means nothing to anyone. leftist views, like many in the sixties, not tolerating the fact that important positions in his the country is occupied by former nazis , rub had already concluded an agreement with ashtase, out of conviction, as he constantly emphasizes:

fluent in three languages, german, french and english, economist, wife, charming englishwoman, in a word , promising. the stasi saw him in some european structures; no one expected such agility from rainer roop. i killed criminals, bandits. enemies of our country, today on ntv, and where did you work, in the war, a fearless retiree, would go from here, old man, you shouldn’t have said it, there’s some guy dumping all our knocks down, teaches to love the homeland, this is my business, and my responsibility, boris galkin, not up to the order of the homeland, retired, grandfather’s defense and close combat. quiet, i kill immediately, today at 12:30 on ntv, ambulance, new season

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blue beard, premiere, today at 19:30. and suddenly 73 applications were submitted for the position economist in the political department of the nato economics directorate, and he received it, raynor rub. his nato career began in 1977, and it turned out to be rapid. in the end, my boss, who had all the nato documents flowing onto his desk, not only from our department, but everything in general, he had to look through them and pass them through his visa, he got tired of it, and he said: rainer, i’m adding you to list, from now on you will do this, as a result, i got everything. i also received

the position of chairman of the current intelligence group data, in the nato situation center, in peacetime during periods of crisis, this situation center is, you know, a nato sanctuary. this is where all the intelligence information of the day is collected and analyzed. this intelligence group, 2 years after joining nato headquarters, in 1979, rainer rub became a topaz, at one of our annual meetings, back in 1981 we had annual meetings with senior state security officials, i was told about the concerns

of the russians operations rian, i thought maybe they slightly exaggerated, because i did not see any preparations of this kind, but i retained the information on the periphery of consciousness, and then at a meeting with my courier, this was already in 1983, he told me, everything is heating up, they are really scared, please, please, and i i realized that the situation was alarming. andropov feared that nato and the united states would use the exercises for a surprise nuclear attack on the ussr. and here they are

, the big nato exercises in europe in 1983. in fact, there are several different ones, collected under one name: autumn forge. they are well known to both soviet intelligence and the soviet military command, since they are being held for the fifteenth time, traditionally in the fall. the situation was so tense, such distrust existed that even if someone just shot themselves, they would still regard it as, yeah, they’re getting ready, so here you get such a tidbit, military training, why did they start a friend, they tell us , what does this mean, such an ordinary routine, routine, no, guys, we don’t trust you, and there was a reason, traditional this year’s exercises are going... unconventionally: firstly, the exercises are preceded by a stormy overture, a dashing raid, which cannot be called otherwise, by the american military on the island of grenada in

the caribbean sea. the local pro-communist dictator was overthrown and killed by his own comrades, even more radical communists, riots began, and since about 600 american students study on the island, this very fact became an excellent reason for the us authorities to send paratroopers and student marines to grenada. save and strangle the communist heresy. in vain prime minister of great britain, and grenada is part of the british commonwealth, a governor appointed by the queen sits on the island, in vain margaret thatcher sends a telegram to reagan in impeccable english. i'm deeply concerned. flash of rage is the name of the operation, started impromptu, while the british telegram is flying, american paratroopers are already flying. they don't even have any maps. we took a tourist one, but it was all over in 2 days, from october 25 to 27. the condemning un resolution did not bother the united states. president reagan said, not even

spoiled his appetite before breakfast. but this is not the main thing. the main thing is that this is the first major us military foray since the vietnam war. that's it, a demonstration. secondly, the very beginning of nato exercises in 1983 was unconventionally large-scale. a grandiose, previously unprecedented transfer of troops from america to europe. over the 3 days of september , 130 transatlantic military transport flights took place in radio silence. 16,000 soldiers were delivered to six european airfields, from the netherlands to italy, as a test for the lightning deployment of support to european theater of war. thirdly, the final chord of this military mesa is the training of troops in early november. development of algorithms for the transition from conventional conventional war to war with

the use of nuclear weapons. in general, one after another, like clockwork, or in this case, like a book of predictions, the prophecies from the alarm list of the operation begin to come true. yes, there was a full set of signs, from those twenty originally identified in the documents of the rans, identified back in 1981, first of all, the negotiation code was changed, to staff positions by this time... computer technology has already matured, in eighty-three they are tested for strength, for the first time organizing a full-scale simulation of the use of nuclear weapons, moreover, with a modified format of coded

negotiations due to the participation of machines. in a word, the whole range of threats was present , so the russians believed that this was it, the cherry on the cake was a request from training headquarters for the use of: nuclear weapons, and on november 7, on the sacred day for the soviet union of the great october socialist revolution, which do you still need proof? moscow, red square, november 7, 1983. in moscow , everything is outwardly calm, on red square on this day, as usual, there is a parade, but the streets of the politburok of the cpsu. there is no andropov, he is completely ill, he speaks from the podium instead. de facto the second person in the country, defense minister ustinov, but this is a cover parade. on november 2 , the strategic missile forces were put on high alert with a secret order. to field positions

100 kilometers from their usual deployment almost half of the pioner ss-20 medium-range missiles have been deployed, as has been repeatedly recorded by american intelligence. intercontinental nuclear missiles are also on alert. the commanders of headquarters and formations are on round-the-clock duty, at the highest level of readiness, that is, they are awaiting the order to launch missiles in order to immediately transmit it to combat units. fresh dilutions arrive every 7-8 hours. general staff general agarkov commands from cover. since november 2 , the aviation of the group of soviet forces in germany has been strengthened in high combat readiness command posts of regimental divisions. in each regiment, it was ordered to allocate a search engine and transfer these aircraft, there should be 109 of them, into readiness number three, thirty minutes , to destroy the enemy’s advanced targets. in poland, soviet. the air army receives

an order from the ussr air force commander-in-chief marshal kutakhov to all army units to be prepared for the immediate use of nuclear weapons. much, much later, after the cold war, i spoke to people from east germany, someone said, someone from the highest military officials of the gdr, it was that the soviet east german bombers, i didn’t know this, stood at the executive launch with their engines running, loaded with nuclear bombs, ready to take off to bomb after a nato strike. the world has reached its final limit, and the worst thing is that it doesn’t even know about it; if during the caribbean crisis everyone watched every move of their opponents with bated breath, both sides were

informed and aware of it. incorrect information, what difference does it make how the world is blown up, by calculation or by miscalculation, on purpose or by accident, if the result is in any in the same case, the us air force in europe received a report from the national security agency about the thirty-minute combat readiness of fgp aviation on november 2 only 3 days later on november 5. fortunately, information about the order of the fourth air force reached the americans after the exercises, so they limited themselves to the decision to closely monitor the situation, but not to increase their combat readiness. reagan has already presented the most dangerous incident as yet another soviet intimidation and propaganda. and the soviet union, whose complex

warning system. i was in perfect position position to judge whether things were heading towards a nuclear war, or a real war, or not, then in the midst of a crisis, which i did not recognize as a crisis, i must admit frankly , i received something called a code, a code that i have to report every day if there is even the slightest sign, i reported by phone, there was a special way of doing this, i did it as a harmless, german

tourist visiting brussels, or a nearby town, called his grandmother, in east germany, with some greetings, and so on this was done from a regular pay phone booth. i had a device, it looked, in fact, it was like a small calculator, but there was a hole in the body , you had to insert a needle into it, then it turned into an encryption machine, i had a code, i dialed the code numbers, that is, i dialed

the message. well, then, when i was talking on the phone with my grandmother, i brought this thing to the microphone, i... brought it up, it made the sound of a fax. the message was sent, at the other end it could be deciphered, and i reported daily that there were no signs. in in general, the desire to protect oneself from enemy threats led exactly in the opposite direction to the brink of a nuclear disaster. the point is that who could? dare brezhnev say there that leon yes, they did something wrong, this way or ustinov, who else made the decision there, we need a climate, we need political will, we need a political decision, intelligence is of course important, but they are only an auxiliary tool, the situation resolved with the end

of the exercises on november 11, from november 2 , soviet strategic troops spent 10 days in high alert mode, 10 days that could shake the world. to the core, exactly on these same days, the world scientific community is experiencing its shock. on november 1, literally at the start of the ill-fated nuclear exercises in washington , a forecast was made at a scientific conference. in alaska in the central regions of north america -36°, on the east coast of the usa -40, in central europe -51. in kola. island -56°, in low latitudes, the most severe cooling is observed on the arrabian peninsula, -51°. a global mathematical model of consequences is ready

nuclear war, which at the beginning of the year vladimir aleksandrov and georgy stenchikov began to calculate at the computer center of the ussr academy of sciences. and now, based on the results in washington, the head of the climate modeling laboratory, vladimir alexander, reports to almost thousands of scientists from all over the world in detail about how much the temperature will drop after nuclear strikes. our gushing was distributed throughout the earth geographically. and therefore, in some places it reached 40°, in some places it was much less, but it was clear that this to say, it exceeds, exceeds , so to speak, the range in... in which biological systems can easily endure, someone needs help in an ambulance, where it hurts, the pressure is normal, rubbing is normal. kulygin's team is in my office, in full force. don't miss the continuation of your favorite series. i brought you an anti-stress, squeeze

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of a sharp and long drop in temperature by tens of degrees, while five is enough to destroy a crop, sound like fantastic nonsense, but this nonsense is confirmed by american reports. in general, the mess was stirred up by a group of american scientists who called themselves “tetaps”, after their own initials. she took up the banner of concern for the future from paul crutzson and john. birks, who were the first to identify the problem of giant fires after nuclear strikes. the titaps group calculated several options for the development of these post-nuclear fires and shared the scenarios with the soviet scientist vladimir alexandrov. by the beginning of the eighties, alexandrov and georgiy stenchikov had already made a mathematical model for further, the americans and alexandrov and stenchikov

each went their own way of calculations, but the terrible results of both of them coincided, which only confirmed their correctness. moreover, the terrible numbers were only the beginning end. initially, people believed that the conflict would happen in the northern hemisphere, so to speak, and the northern hemisphere would suffer. everyone will leave for the southern hemisphere, there will not be a complete destruction of the population, but it turns out that due to the large gradient between the two hemispheres, the transfer begins, so to speak, to become more active, which usually does not work, and this pollution quickly pollutes, and the southern hemisphere where there would be no conflict, and that is, this effect becomes global, so to speak, a few months later, after the start , the model showed it perfectly, perfectly. in other words, and this is the second terrible news, there will be no corner on earth

where you can hide. even if we manage to avoid the first defeat, nuclear, then no one can escape the climate catastrophe. there will not only be no winners and losers , there will not even be neutrals, because there will be no light, heat, food, water or even air left anywhere in the form in which they are suitable for survival. simulated. two options for a nuclear conflict. in the first, more extensive less than half of the total nuclear arsenal of the usa and the ussr is used, this is 5,742 megatons. the soviet union, japan, south korea, north america and europe are taking blows. an entire train of earth from 30 to 60° north latitude remains without sunlight for at least several weeks. within two weeks , clouds of soot obscure light across the entire northern hemisphere. it takes 2 months to reach the southern one.

in the tropics, after a month the temperature drops to zero. in 3 months, darkness reaches antarctica. and despite the fact that not a single nuclear missile fell on their territory. i i also want to note that after a nuclear conflict, we will receive a very important reaction from the environment. i mean the destruction of forests mainly. after this destruction, our planet will lose its main producer. oxygen and the appearance of the earth's surface will change dramatically, this means that the reflectivity of sunlight will be much higher, the energy source of our climate system will be significantly weakened, our climate may move to another

state, and this state is unknown to us. modeling option modest 100 megaton salvo of the then american submarine, and here is the third terrible news : the consequences of such a strike will be little different from a large-scale exchange of nuclear warheads, the effect will be the same, it will just last less than 2-3 months, but this is enough to kill most of all life on the planet. it turns out that the quantity does not affect the result, it is fatal in any case, it turns out that nuclear weapons are not a weapon of murder, but suicide, it turns out that if anyone survives in this top-secret bunker, then when he comes to the surface, he will understand that further life is impossible due to technical

reasons. immediately after the conference, a teleconference between scientists was organized impromptu. moscow, in the soviet union it is broadcast by central television. today , identical results from american scientists and soviet scientists show that science has created some kind of anti-bomb. and today, before using a nuclear bomb. i think everyone, not only politicians, but also military personnel, will think about this 10 times. it is impossible to overestimate etors. the resonance of a new understanding of the consequences of nuclear wars quickly spill out. outside the scientific community , scientists who have not yet had time to go home are invited to the us senate, and the hero of the day , vladimir alexandrov, is perhaps the first of the soviet people within its walls to officially frighten the highest legislative body of a potential enemy with his conclusions. later he will repeat this number with the pope. but

politicians have their own agenda: beaune, the capital of western germany, is almost paralyzed. november 21 in the bundestag. the building is surrounded by protesters, an unimaginable 26 hours last. parliamentarians are arguing, all this time a crowd is bubbling outside the windows. there is a vote on november 22 and at this time the protesters on the street sound the air raid siren. under her heartbreaking howl, the deputies learn the results. gap, only 60 votes, only one abstention. 286 for 226 against, the decision has been made, the deployment of pershings will begin immediately. the next day, the twenty-third , soviet-american negotiations on medium-range missiles in europe were interrupted in geneva. after the vote in the bundestag, the soviet government does not see the point in them. from the hall

meeting, soviet diplomats go out into the street into a raging crowd, as if they had moved. on november 26, the soviet delegation left switzerland, on november 30 , the first rockets and diplomats arrived in germany, following the scientists they were powerless, with general assurances that we are all for peace, the path to it is being paved like a swan and a crayfish. the militaries of the two superpowers are keeping each other at gunpoint. the more expensive the scope, the more reliably it serves the cause of peace, so they explain. politicians of the two superpowers are convinced that there are two worlds, and only one is correct, their own, a compromise - the first step is capitulation, so they explain, and the scientists of the two superpowers are at the peak: this confrontation is surprising, but they work together because the world is one, they just proved this again by modeling the consequences of a nuclear conflict, and they did it so

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a scientific journal. and several colleagues, so to speak, can talk to you about, so to speak, this is what was found there, and here, so to speak, interest arose from ordinary people, and i remember that we wrote some kind of article, if i didn’t i’m wrong, the magazine was called universe earth, we wrote a popular article about the consequences, so to speak war, and the editor of this magazine said that she said that she first saw... there are a lot of people in the subway who read, the earth is the universe, the concept of a nuclear earth turned out to be popular, therefore in the eyes of the establishment it became a slippery topic, unsafe, there is already one fired from his position for her research, this is john birx, the first work of crucien birx , the name was written jointly, birx, upon returning

to his american institute, was fired for publishing this work related, so to speak, to the consequences of nuclear and nuclear war, when - turka tun tried to publish the work, and so to speak, of their group taps, turk tunarman seigan, and that they encountered the fact that, so to speak, they could not write nuclear war in the title of the work, and and they had to come up with a new name, which has taken hold, and which, in general, turned out to be very interesting, so to speak, they called this effect, nuclear winter, which, in which the word war is missing, compromise, in general, war can not be called war, it does not change anything, the nuclear earth factor quickly becomes new and important figure on the political chessboard,

opponents wonder whether the adversaries believe? in this nuclear winter and whether they will draw conclusions regarding the development of weapons and military doctrines, whether they will change the economy based on the production of reserves in order to survive this winter, and whether soviet scientists are scaring the united states, and the american ussr, by exaggerating the scale of the disaster, and are not are scientists puppets in the hands of politicians, and so on and so forth. the military is put in an awkward situation, their doctrines are going to hell, their multi-billion dollar budgets are under threat, they nothing. answer: the soviet military does not comment at all, they are not supposed to, the american ambassador to the united states, anatoly dobrynin, recounted from the words of his colleague, the american ambassador to the soviet union, thomas watson, his conversation with the top generals in the pentagon. watson asked them a simple question: what will we do after a nuclear war? the generals looked at each other, watson said, and said that they had no answer to this question. the same

picture is in nato. i asked the military at headquarters: what will happen after we use these atomic weapons, the russians just they will swallow, they will say, well, no luck, or they will answer, use their own, and what after , nothing, no one knew, no one wanted to know, just like that, they still gathered their thoughts, american, called for an answer to the topic nuclear winter, the secretary of defense and the pentagon generally acknowledged the likelihood of such a problem, but said that the best way to avoid it is to create a space-based missile defense shield, that is, to implement the reagan soybean. it will prevent the detonation of thousands of nuclear warheads, thereby eliminating attacks nuclear winter. as for herself? the pentagon

has too many uncertainties. depending on what kind of soot, depending on how much there is, where this cloud will float. further research is needed - the american military states, and at the same time they are doing everything to slow down this research. the company turned around. scientific findings are called populism, which pours fuel on the fire of street protests and funds research that refutes the stated scale of consequences. his work was done on a model borrowed from the americans and adapted for a soviet computer, the conclusions that he and georgy stenchikov made from their calculations do not correspond to these calculations, but they are quite consistent with the party line, and in general the goal of this work is not science, but propaganda, soviet propaganda, always frightening people with all sorts of horrors, we returned to this problem a lot

years later... when subtractive technology , so to speak, has improved significantly, and most importantly, the models that we use have significantly improved, and with the assumptions that, so to speak, that we made, the same answers by georgy stenchikov i received it without alexandrov. in 1985 , vladimir alexandrov went to spain to attend a conference of mayors of a nuclear-free city, once again talking about the nuclear winter. he left the madra hotel in the evening and disappeared. the searches were not vigorous, the pillars were not covered with photographs, the newspapers did not carry headlines about this, so to speak, this was not discussed at that time and this information, so to speak