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Understanding 9/11tv Rossiiskaya diplomatiya NTV August 3, 2024 7:00am-8:01am MSK
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this is management by the consent of the governed themselves. the october revolution of 1917 led to a complete breakdown in relations between the countries. the united states refused to recognize the new soviet government. moreover, the americans agreed to directly confront the bolsheviks by taking part in the intervention on russian territory, which was initiated by the entente countries. of course, the great october socialist revolution greatly puzzled them. they didn't understand that. this confused them . the last attempt to call the people in order is a congratulatory telegram woodrow wilson to the fourth extraordinary congress of soviets, where he congratulated the russian people on their liberation from the vile autocracy, that we have thrown off tyranny, and america will help in every possible way, financially and... whatever, but not now, a little later,
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now it’s not working out. lenin responded to the congratulatory telegram, thanked the president of the united states, and expressed the hope that the american people, too, would soon overthrow their capitalist tyrants. after this, it became clear that the bolsheviks and america, to put it mildly, were not on the same path. in the first world war ii japan acted as an ally of the entente. when, after the february revolution and subsequent events, the russian army turned out to be virtually unready for combat.
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and japan sent its troops to the far east. in august 1918, the united states landed its expeditionary force in vladivostok and khabarovsk on the trans-siberian railway. the united states would support the white movement until april 1920. in total, the united states landed about 800 soldiers in the far east. later, as a result of the offensive of the red army the americans retreated. the last american soldier. left russia on april 1, 1920,
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after 19 months of occupation. the plans of the united states never included direct confrontation with russia. by the twentieth year , the red army had fully established itself as a serious force to be reckoned with, and although in the far east things were so far in favor of the interventionists, nevertheless, the activities of the kolchak army and other... guards formations led to the fact that even those who were not delighted with the soviet authorities raised the red banner. the americans realized that it was time to slowly move away from this, let the japanese sort it out if they want, we’ve had enough, they’ve already done a good job. after the far eastern republic was formed in 1920, they considered that the issue of dividing russia had been successfully completed, the rest could be done diplomatically, by emissaries, trade missions, and so on. well, in the twenty-second
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year, the far east became part of the russian federation as a region, on this, in fact, it's all over. the united states refused to establish official diplomatic relations with the soviet government in september 1919 , and the american embassy finally left russia. at this time, washington considered boris bakhmetyev, who was still appointed by the provisional government, to be the official ambassador of russia to the united states. in june of the seventeenth year , bakhmetev... on behalf of the provisional government headed the russian embassy in washington, and after the bolsheviks seized power in russia, bakhmetev refused recognize their power, for which he was naturally immediately dismissed by trotsky from his post, but refused to surrender it. moreover, given that the united states did not recognize any documents provided by the official representative of the people's commissariat of foreign affairs, martins. then they continued to consider bakhmetev,
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officially consider him an ambassador, the embassy functioned, bakhmetev made a statement, and most importantly, bakhmetev was in the post of ambassador. on january 2, 1919, people's commissar for foreign affairs georgy checherin signed a document, appointing martins was precisely a representative, and not an ambassador, which bakhmetev formally remained. ludwig martens, the son of a german owner of an iron factory in russia, who
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emigrated to the united states quite a long time ago, and there was a fairly large manager in various energy companies, and he... he was not officially recognized. despite the lack of recognition of his authority, martens immediately got to work and opened a soviet bureau office on broadway. a month later, the bureau moved to new premises in the skyscraper, the tallest office building in the world, the soviet bureau had two main areas
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of activity: establishing trade relations between soviet russia and the united states, as well as information work, popularizing the ideas of the october revolution. time for this in the us. most suitable. during 1919 , a wave of mass rallies and demonstrations of workers swept across the united states, in which martens and the soviet bureau also took part. the united states is rocked by a series of strikes, which, nevertheless, were peaceful, but clashes also begin. the demonstration in boston received official permission and was dispersed by the police. in new york , anti-communists burned printed socialist materials. another conflict between socialists and... communists in cleveland resulted in mass unrest, leading to casualties and bloodshed. the police restored order with heavy equipment, arresting 106 people. radical leftists are also joining the peaceful strikes. galionists, followers of the italian anarchist luigi galiani. galianists
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mailed bombs to several prominent officials. in june 1919, at the same hour, explosions were heard in eight different cities. it became one of the goals. us attorney general alexander palmer, whose house was bombed. in such an explosive internal situation , any actions of the soviet bureau were perceived extremely negatively by american official circles. the galionist bombings were the turning point when the us began to consider all communists a threat. the press also added fuel to the fire, blaming the reds for everything. in the usa, the anti-soviet campaign, the so-called red one. this term became widespread in the united states because it meant the following: that the red threat exists not only in the territory of soviet russia, it exists throughout the world, but naturally the united states
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was primarily concerned about itself. that is, in the united states there is a threat of a revolution similar to the one that occurred in russia. and this is the red threat that threatens the collapse of the entire american state. the red scare means not only a certain ideology, it presupposes the psychosis of a significant number of society, which simply began to be absorbed by this great fear of revolution. the result of internal unrest, growing fear of the reds, and inflamed press, was the passage of a series of immigration laws in the united states that allowed. not only deny entry to emigrants who disagree with the authorities, but also deport those who already lived in the states. a special role in the process of deportation of soviet supporters was played by the senator's commission overmenna. her task was to investigate bolshevik and other anti-american activities. the overman commission consisted of
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five senators, they held a hearing on bolshevism, questioning more witnesses, 2/3 of whom were anti-bolshevik . in june.
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the police raided the office of the soviet bureau, a large amount of official documentation and literature was seized, martens was interrogated, the us authorities opened a case of subversion, martens soon appeared before the committee under chaired by senator clayton lusk. the senate hearings lasted more than six months, and ultimately, after the hearings , a decision was made to deport martens. it was january 20, 1921. the soviet bureau was closed, and already on january 22, ludwig martens boarded the ship stockholm. with martens was his wife, two children and 46 men and women, former employees of the soviet bureau and members of their families. several hundred people came to see off those leaving. they shouted three cheers, shouted slogans in different languages, and sang the internationale. so the work ended the unrecognized first ambassador of soviet russia to the usa. a little later, realizing that it was soviet. power was finally established; in june 1922, the american authorities finally ceased
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to recognize bakhmetev as the official ambassador, and all diplomatic relations were interrupted between the united states and soviet russia for more than decades. miracle, premiere on august 17 at 20:00 on ntv.
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certain liberal reforms, liberal economic reforms, which also allowed the market to be more.
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in principle, the movement of capital independently outside of state control was impossible, this happened with concessions, a special body was created to manage these concessions, and these procedures, which controlled these processes , foreign investments, including, of course, actively became interested in concessions americans, plants, enterprises,
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factories were opened, not only the united states of america participated in this policy, there was also great britain, british interests were in, for example, the lopaevsky mines, there were their enterprises, but nevertheless everyone understood perfectly well that.. this policy cannot be continued permanently in a socialist state under construction. in 1920, the united states lifted the embargo on trade with the soviets, and martins’ useful contacts came in very handy. during his stay in the united states , the communist julius collaborated with the soviet bureau hamer. but a little later, the son of julius hammer, twenty-three-year-old armand hammer, will go to young soviet russia to establish trade relations. therefore, he really sympathized with socialist ideas and tried to improve relations with the soviet leaders, well, he succeeded to such an extent that at the end of his life, in the late
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seventies under leonid brezhnev, he financially participated in the construction of an international trade center in moscow, which before is still unofficially called the hammer center. in russia, hamer met lenin, who was interested in supporting the young businessman. as a result , the very first concession agreement was signed for... the operation of the azbestov mine near alopaevsk, yekaterinburg province. lenin authorized hammer to negotiate with american companies on behalf of the soviets, and hammer achieved some success. its first package is the products of 38 american companies, which are purchased by the soviet union. among them are products from ford. on may 31, 1929, the soviet union concluded a full-fledged contract with the largest american.
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the transition to further stalinist forced industrialization could not, in principle , assume free or more or less free movement of private, especially foreign capital outside the strict control of the state, in principle, commodity-market relations, which were permissible during the nepa period, the right-wingers, the so -called, were crushed congresses, and the party abandoned the new economic policy, in the twenty-ninth year industrialization began, using bureaucratic methods, and
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soviet officials tried in every possible way to to take into state ownership successful enterprises created by foreigners is also a fact, an attempt to nationalize them, instability for foreign investment also created a certain barrier, and for foreign companies, concessions and commodity-market relations were not provided for by stalin’s policy, and with the end of nepa, concessions disappear in a snap, welcome to a new entertainment show for the whole family, a miracle, we are bloggers, i star in films and tv series, we even created a clothing collection with one designer, how many since you can do classic 2.0 push-ups, stop it, our show is a place where every kid can show their skills and talents to the whole country. how long have you been drumming? yes, i'll be here for an hour, just wait
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tough, life goes on. in germany the political map of the world changed, large american corporations and financiers collaborated with hitler, but in washington understood that nazi germany posed a threat to the entire world community. in 1933, after hitler came to power, the united states decided to establish diplomatic relations. on the one hand, this was also a fixation of the situation, which suited the business circles of the united states.
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the attitude of the united states towards the soviet union at the official level began to change only after the presidency of the united states in 1933 was taken over by democrat franklin roosevelt, and the country was hit with full force. the great depression. roosevelt understood that the economic crisis was here to stay, so politics was needed.
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a plump man of average height in a dark autumn coat. people's commissar for foreign affairs maxim litvinov has arrived in the states. soon his first meeting with roosevelt took place. roosevelt received litvinov cordially, but with some restraint. the negotiations took place in a large office, where secretary of state hull was also present. while the meeting was taking place, emergency editions of newspapers were published in all us cities announcing the historic meeting of roosevelt and litvinov, which puts an end to alienation. the first short visit was coming to an end, litvinov presented roosevelt with a gift, an album with stamps. roosevelt, leafing through the album, could not contain his joy, because he was a passionate philatelist. the next day, the newspaper pravda wrote that the meeting at the white house was
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a solemn act of politeness and of the most cordial nature. negotiations between people's commissar litviny and roosevelt lasted for several days. the americans wanted guarantees that the comentern would not conduct subversive propaganda in the states. they demanded from... the soviets recognition of freedom of religion in the ussr, but the main condition for establishing diplomatic relations were questions about past debts and future loans. the problem of debts of tsarist russia, soviet russia and the united states saw completely differently. the fact is that the tsarist government owed the united states and other countries billions of dollars, if converted into dollars.
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the interventions have plundered so much in russia and caused such losses to russia that there can be no talk of any repayment of debts. negotiations continued not easily, but in a constructive spirit and friendly atmosphere. the us demands and conditions for the ussr were contained in a voluminous three-hundred-page document, a state department memorandum. having agreed on the royal debts, roosevelt raised the topic of religious freedom for americans, primarily for his employees. embassy in moscow. unexpectedly, he reminded litvinov that his parents were devout jews and probably taught him to pray. and when the time comes to die, you will remember what your father and mother,” the us president told the soviet diplomat. litvinov blushed and was very embarrassed,
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but still promised that american citizens in russia would have the opportunity to attend church services. later, the us president told his wife that he had achieved 2/3 of what he wanted. the soviet side agreed to satisfy part of washington's economic claims in exchange for a loan. on november 16 , 1933, diplomatic relations with the united states were established. the usa is the last of the largest countries in the world to recognize the soviet union. russia. alexander troyanovsky became the first ambassador of the ussr to the usa. before
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leaving overseas, stalin received him three times. until then, no diplomat had received such attention. troinovsky was a hereditary nobleman, an officer, and a hero of the russian-japanese war. world and civil wars, and at the same time a fiery revolutionary. in between prison exiles, he received higher degrees in physics, mathematics and law. immediately after the civil war, he was engaged in establishing economic ties with western countries, because there were no diplomatic it wasn’t, he convinced people so much that he had confidential relations with both stalin and all the politicians with whom he dealt; he made a tremendous impression on roosevelt, but here you need to take into account what roosevelt accepted. on january 7
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, 1934, troynovsky arrived in new york, a whole crowd greeted him at the port, among the onlookers there were several hundred russian emigrants, and roosevelt received him in the white house after the exchange. roosevelt told troinovsky that he could , if necessary, easily call him at phone. roosevelt kept his word. troinovsky later wrote: “when i had to turn to roosevelt with a request for a personal meeting with him, he did not refuse me, and somehow accepted me even in bed, sick.” the opening of the soviet embassy in washington in 1934 was the main event of the year. ambassador troinovsky saw his tasks primarily as cooperation. in the field of technology, he strictly
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adhered to the principle of honesty in politics, president roosevelt himself admitted: if mr. troinovsky, looking at the moon, says, that it is the sun, then i will believe it. william bullitt became the first american ambassador to moscow. he arrived in the capital of the ussr on december 11 , 1933, and in 1934 he settled in the rescue house, which remains his residence to this day. american ambassador: well, you heard, your granddaughter was found, she would have been found anyway, just in what condition, now i’m very sorry, but i cheated on you, you have to figure out how to get back to vysopnyak, you’ll say that you were framed, blame them, muzo, powder the head of khalis karkhan, you i was guessing, i was at the place where everything happened, but there was no more business there, apparently someone had managed to get out of there before me... it faded from there, and now the one who did it will continue
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armitage paintings makes it unique. get a platinum credit card from tank with a limited design before august 31. get free service forever. dbank. he's the only one. on july 25, 1935 , the seventh congress of the comintern opens in moscow at the house of unions. among the delegations, including delegation of the us communist party. official washington sees this invitation from the american communists as interference in internal affairs and will take advantage of it. this incident to freeze relations with the soviet union. the next american ambassador, joseph davis, was an extremely successful figure for moscow. he sympathized with the ussr, and with his help an agreement was signed in august 1937 to expand trade turnover and improve the conditions of mutually beneficial trade. but in 1938 davis
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was transferred to brussels, and his post was long time remained unoccupied. the reluctance of the us government to have one of its own. representative of moscow, of course, led to a deterioration in soviet-american relations. in the thirties, the united states supported finland in its war against the ussr, and sanctions were imposed on the soviet union in the form of a ban on arms supplies. this turn in relations between the usa and the kssr was associated with the beginning of the second. italy attacked ethiopia, japan attacked china. and finally, in 1939, germany began its conquests
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in western europe, and the us economy flourished. now president roosevelt. profits, he was already counting on complete us hegemony in the event that all the warring powers exhausted each other; he had no doubt that germany would attack the ussr. with the german attack on the ussr, us foreign policy could not help but change. on the agenda was the question of whether the ussr was providing assistance, after all, the signing of the molotov-ribbentrop pact, the winter war between. with the soviet union and finland sharply worsened the attitude of americans towards the country of the soviets, they did a very careful a statement that they support the soviet union, but there was no talk of any specific substantive agreements at that time, however, opposition also existed and, for example, the future president of the united
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states, harry truman, he was then a senator of the state of missouri, stated that and unverbally i quote yes, let the soviet union and germany continue to fight, it is more profitable for us if they continue to kill each other, and therefore the us political society was heterogeneous in this regard. when the us and uk signed the so-called the atlantic charter, a declaration of war aims and principles for the post-war world, the opposition, which advocated isolationism, immediately accused the president of involving the united states. war in europe. the situation changed when former people's commissar for foreign affairs litvinov was appointed ambassador of the ussr to the usa. he had to stubbornly convince roosevelt his entire administration of the economic necessity. in november 1941 , roosevelt managed to overcome the resistance
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of isolationists in congress and extend land lease to the ussr, which originally concerned great britain and china. the united states military-industrial complex was doing great. it’s not for nothing that americans call world war ii a good war. and they call it a damn good time. then, like other countries. suffered terrible hardships, lost industry, many people died, and america came out of the war with brilliant technology, excellent productivity and generally everything was fine, except for those unfortunate people who lost their sons and daughters. regarding costs, lindlist was never an act of charity, we paid for it, and we paid in gold, we paid immediately, but if we take... in dollar terms, the soviet union received about $19 billion in aid, but lenlis
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was a two-way street , fascist germany, according to various estimates, no one canceled trade through closed open channels, received $25 billion in aid from the americans, every third tire for german cars was made at ford factories. from complete rejection of us intervention in the war in europe, americans have come to understand the need. supposedly destroyed, america had no other choice and roosevel demanded that congress give him the appropriate
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powers, and the powers were received, well, the disaster itself looks somewhat strange: firstly, where was american intelligence looking, and secondly, the americans read all the diplomatic intelligence correspondence the japanese, they calmly read, shortly before the attack... but everything else was dispersed to other bases, but england got what it wanted, america entered the war, and it entered not only financially, but also sent her troops to the continent, as they say, what did she need to prove? during a meeting with churchill, immediately after churchill’s visit to america, the chief of the general staff, sir allen allengor, asked, sir,
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was it possible to speak politely with president roosevelt, after all, america, to which churchill, with a cheerful gleam in his eyes, said quote, a direct participant in the meeting replied: “while we were courting this lady, we did this.” and now that the lady is in grief, we can talk differently. the soviet leadership set before usa. the question of the early opening by anglo-american troops of a second front in western europe. the outbreak of hostilities in the west could hasten the defeat of the fascist troops and shorten the duration of the bloody war. the position of england and the united states of america on the second front generally coincided. tighten as long as possible. if at first the americans really intended to fulfill allied obligations and open a second front. just as it was agreed in 1942, but the british. convinced them to do it it’s not worth it, in the end the americans agreed, yes, we are not ready yet, we need
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to prepare, as a result, the campaign of 1942 was planned by our command taking into account the opening of a second front, we got the kharkov disaster, the defeat of the southwestern and southern fronts, a rollback to the spurs of the caucasus ridge and the battle of stalingrad, forty-third is the beginning. the radical turning point of the great patriotic war - the battle of stalingrad, the kurdish battle, as, in general, the radical turning point after the kurdish battle, when germany lost the ability to conduct several strategic operations in different strategic directions and generally lost the ability to conduct serious offensive actions; the position on opening a second front changed somewhat in the end. roosevelt told churchel if it was time to start before
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the russians went too far. in november 1943, in tehran, stalin, roosevelt and churchel met for the first time at the same table and the question of the timing of the opening of a second front was resolved. the allies agreed to land their troops in france in may 1944, for his part stalin promised that at about the same time soviet troops would launch an offensive on the soviet-german front. in addition, a number of agreements were reached that played a very important role... later, a decision was made on the timing of the soviet union’s entry into the war with japan after the defeat of germany, issues after the military structure of germany were discussed, not yet finally decided, but already very serious steps have been taken to define the framework for the creation of the united nations. second front, discovered by the allies pinned down german troops in
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western europe. germany found itself squeezed from the east to the west and was forced to fight on two fronts. in the spring of 1945, after a series of successful operations, the allied forces launched a general offensive. the german troops were given the task of transferring all mobile units to the eastern front, and the stationary units that were left without transport to defend the area of their responsibility until the products were exported to the reichs, and then capitulate, which was done. the only resistance. chilly the germans ended up only in orders. now historians are arguing what caused such fierce resistance, because the blow was a colossal force, either hitler, as they say, jumped up, as they like to say now, or the americans and british stuck their noses in where they were not asked ahead of time. on february 4, 1945, the yalta conference opened in crimea. the very fact
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of holding this conference confirmed a new concept in world politics. which was that superpowers set the rules of the game for everyone. the yalta conference was mainly devoted to establishing the borders of post-war europe, both in germany itself, that is, zones of occupation, and in general the borders and configuration of power in europe. true, in addition to this, a number of issues related to the last phase of hostilities, that is, after the war with japan, were discussed. by the way. there , a decision was made to transfer southern sakhalin and the kuril islands to the soviet union, and issues of reparations were also discussed, although their discussions had not yet been fully completed, but a decision was also made to return to their homeland citizens of the soviet union who would find themselves in territory controlled by the allies, this was
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a very important agreement for the soviet union, since it affected... a few months later, in july 1945, in the suburbs of berlin , world leaders met again at the underground conference. by the time it was held, the balance of power had changed. truman succeeded roosevelt, and the day before the opening of the summit , the first atomic charge was successfully tested in the american state of new mexico. truman by agreement with churchill told stalin that the united states had a new weapon of extraordinary destructive power, but did not specify that it was an atomic bomb. stalin only nodded his head in response. the leadership of the ussr was aware of american atomic developments, and a detailed description of the first american atomic bomb was at the disposal of soviet scientists 12 days before it was assembled. after a conversation
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with truman, stalin said to molotov: “it will be necessary today.” podzdamskaya conference, the last of the largest conferences of the leader of the anti-hitter coalition was primarily devoted to the configuration of power in post-war germany, but in addition to this , a number of important issues were identified that directly related to the soviet union, a decision was made on the size of reparations that 50% of reparations for... the soviet union, the issue of territorial structure of the political structure of poland, and the sub-declaration was adopted, which addressed japan and called on japan to lay down its arms and submit to the will of the allies. the podsdam conference was the last a conference of coalition countries and, let's say,
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a harbinger of the cold war. garit ruman, unlike his predecessor, was skeptical about cooperation with the ussr. among his like-minded people was the us ambassador to the ussr, george kennen, who had long called for it. western countries to unite against moscow. george frost kennen, a very interesting person, the grandnephew of george cannon, who was a famous writer, publicist, russian scholar, in particular, he was in russia, and wrote hard labor in siberia, was very sympathetic to the left, this is his great-nephew, he studied russian, worked in the american embassies in the baltic states, in the thirties , after the restoration of diplomatic relations between the ussr and the usa, he ended up in moscow, where he worked as a secretary of the embassy in the thirties. then, during the war , he returns and becomes the second person, that is, an adviser. at the end of 1945 , the us treasury requested information from american diplomats about the reasons for
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moscow’s reluctance to join international financial structures, which actually washington ruled. the explanation was prepared by george kennen on february 22, 1946, he sent a telegram 8.00 words long to the united states. with a detailed analysis of the possible development of relations between the states and the ussr. this message went down in history as the long telegram of kenon. in it, he says that the soviet union respects force, yes, that it strives for expansion, as a communist state, therefore it must be restrained. that is, ken is the father of the doctrine of containment. in washington, this telegram could not have come at a better time. by the way, truman has already seen the ussr is the main rival of the states, kenan's message. played into his hands and served to unite the political elite. cannan's long telegram and its subsequent widespread discussion in the american press contributed to a change in public opinion
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on us foreign policy. the soviet union finally began to be perceived as an enemy, and kanon went down in history as one of the architects of the cold war. the cold war, of course, determined the international situation in the second half of the 20th century, but even in the conditions of this war, the ussr. usa continued remain partners and do not interrupt diplomatic dialogue to maintain balance in the world.
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hello, welcome to the information service of the ntv television company. in the studio of yulia bekhtereva. that night, ukrainian nationalists attacked the oryol region. the regional governor announced this. drones were used for the attack. three drones were destroyed by air defense forces using electronic warfare. the remaining two hit a residential building. a fire started there. the fire has now been localized. emergency services are on site. as a result of the impact. nobody was not injured, in the area of which ukrainian nationalists fired, there are no military installations. and in the special operation zone, su-25 attack aircraft used unguided missiles to strike the places of deployment.
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