of course, but social prestige is not reduced to a social package, because it is very important for a creative person to understand, to feel the importance of the social importance of his work, and well, it must be said that the engine building is at the core of a number of strategic industries, corporations of the four elements, air, aviation, land, land-based energy, sea, power plants for the navy... space, because space rockets today mainly launch payloads into space precisely on engines produced by uec, yeah, that's such a bunch of colossal strategic industries, if you realize it, it can't help but instill in a young person, a feeling that came to the industry, a feeling that his work matters, engine builders like to repeat the expression of tupolev.

designer that only the engine flies in an airplane, everything else gets in the way, well, this is of course a joke, but a joke in which there is, in which there is a grain of humor, as well as an important conclusion for state policy, because at the level of state policy we should always see engine building as an independent industry and sub-industry, that is, logic, engine building development cycles should not be hidden under the wing. in general, the aviation industry, look at it on this industry or sub-industry, as you like, separately, holistically. mikhail, thank you very much for the conversation. thank you.

hello, russia is a decade of science and technology, ntv television company and the state corporation rosatom present the program, science and we , a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years, i am vladimir antoykin, i am ekaterina shugaeva, in 10 years there will be no problems with hearing, but i would really like this, because i have a feeling that sometimes someone does not hear me, so i invited optimists who...

so-so, yeah, we are definitely filming a program about hearing, well, okay, vrachina is a rhinologist, otarina is a laryngologist, otorina is a laryngologist, it's very simple, and maxim igorevich, ostrost, a physicist, at the end of the program our guests , optimists, will make a forecast, with what probability, in 10 years there will be problems with hearing there will be no , our expert, professor kapustin, will tell about the history of the fight against deafness , the first mentions of methods of fighting hearing diseases from... date back to the era of ancient egypt. according to the doctors of that time, an ear that does not hear well can be healed by pouring olive oil, red lead, goat urine. but the first auditory tube is mentioned in sources from the 10th century. according to the description, the device was made from the horns of cows or rams, inside which the craftsmen carved out a special cavity.

at the beginning of the 20th century, hearing horns were still continued to be popular, but by the thirties they were replaced by electrical devices, it was then that portable hearing aids were created and launched into mass production, capable of fitting in the hand. maxim igorevich, i have a wonderful girlfriend, i know for sure that she seems to have hearing. no, and in humans, in what order did the sense organs appear when hearing appeared? and evolutionarily, paradoxically, neither hearing nor vision were the first, the first was proto-olfaction, this is chemoreception, when protozoa appeared

the ability to feel some chemical elements, to go towards them along a gradient or , on the contrary, to go away from them, for example, let's take an omeba and place it in an environment where there are a lot of nutrients, it, feeling the molecules of nutrients, begins to slowly go there, or vice versa, let's take the same amoeba and place it in a saline solution, salt for measurable, it tries to escape, because it feels these chemical elements, then mechanoreception appeared, this is the ability to feel pressure, temperature , and so on, this is a kind of proto-touch, that is the ability to feel something, some external factors, then some of the pro... developed special organs that could sense light, this is already photoreception, but they were extremely simple, there is light, it is clear, there is no light, it is also clear, that is , there was no need to talk about any vision as such, then with the development of evolution

the first eyes appeared, they began to see, the trelabites began to see, then, when the first fish began to appear, that is, chordate creatures, hearing began to appear, it in general the most. the last one, or something, appeared one of the most recent, in fish, hearing appeared from the organs of balance, that is, initially there was an organ of balance, then, as a side story, hearing began to appear. and the fact is that water is a very dense medium, and sounds are transmitted there as well as possible, in fact, fish only had an inner ear, it was arranged as simply as possible, but when evolution began to develop further, fish crawled out onto dry land, the air is no longer so dense.

plant juices, oils, honey, even, it was generally a common practice, but then in ancient times in greece began to relate, well, as if they began to study in more detail the anatomy, even the physiology of hearing, thanks, by the way, to the works of hippocrates

and other doctors, so, well, in the middle ages, an even deeper study, thanks to such, again, doctors and... intelligence, therefore there the back pipes, of course, this is really, probably, a bit of a fiction chats, but the front ones - these are really the first such auditory tubes, which were used in ancient times, really at first they were made of there are horns - yes animals, and then

actually from iron, well, that's how it gradually developed already in the 19-2 century naturally appeared po... antibiotics, which could be used to treat infectious diseases, ear surgery began to develop, right up to modern devices, which we 'll probably talk about later, yes we 'll talk about this a little later, but for now we'll take a break for advertising. there are only two ways to live this life: the first as if miracles do not exist, the second, as if there are only miracles around, welcome to the miracle show, you're into it focus, beetle, what types of transport can you drive? hooligan, this track is bought! and

who do you dream of becoming when you grow up? barelina! we'll turn the sound up full blast, and the neighbors won't sleep! can you impersonate me? this is a miracle program, i'm the host arseniy popov! miracle with arseniy popov! watch and don't say later that you didn't see it! saturday at 20:20 on ntv. you. super new season sunday at 20:20 on ntv. big sale of electronics on ozon. turbo discounts up to 80% from september 11 to 24. ultrasound device gezaton for 1,659. when the family turned into a kingdom of ice figures. mom knew exactly how to melt them. ryaba makes the dish tastier, gathering loved ones at the table. ryaba mayonnaise is a fairy tale to be together. already 25 years, all this for 1 ruble, it's like i just pay everywhere with an ozonbank card, and

then buy on ozontovary for 1 ruble. with an ozonbank card, you have access to millions of products for 1 ruble. pay for purchases anywhere, in your favorite cafes, stores or online, and coffee too for 1 ruble. everything on this table for 1 ruble. cheese, oh, we forgot the cheese, it's good that we exist each other, what will they show us on tv? tell your wife that you caught us! as long as we can remember, we've always been together. magnit, 30 years next to you. suitable vacancies on avito work. there are a lot of vacancies, and i just chose the best, the sweetest one. you will find not just a job, but your place. oh, mom, snot again, just the whole family got sick, are we really on sick leave again? there is a way out for this in our family. kogotsel for adults and children, from the first day of admission it begins to reduce the severity of symptoms of ari and flu, for us

it's not too late, kogacel can be used even with a late start of treatment and prevent complications, how quickly you returned, one got sick, everyone kogacel, open a deposit in gazprombank with an increased rate of up to 25% together with the long-term savings program from gazfond pension savings, the state will add up to 360,000 rubles under the long-term savings program, your funds are insured. amount up to 2,800,000 rubles. open at the nearest gazprombank office. the pursuit of gold to begin. collect coins of luck from all over the world. hello. make purchases in pyaterochka from 600 rubles. register promo codes in the application and win a coin made of real gold. and also play a mobile game and win prizes. pyaterochka to the rescue! my husband bought a smartphone, and i bought an electric razor, and i bought my husband a drill, you don’t have a husband, with such

a drill will be, sale of electronics on azon, brai grill for 1,599, olлzary electric massager for 7,599, installments without overpayments, your money is not numbers in an account, it is a financial flow for your opportunities, it is not money that should control you, but you money, then they will come back to you again and again. so i answer your question with a card with a free mts debit card, get money , 5% cashback on purchases in supermarkets, a paladin, why aren't you looking for it, why are you afraid of compromising the investigation, my child, i only care about the highway, only the price of the magnet, what do you need? this is lesh with you, yeah, which sasha advised on repairs and cargo transportation, navito services, you can easily

select reliable movers with reviews and repairmen with verified documents. avito services. you can easily find verified masters. all this for 1 ruble. how is that? i just pay everywhere with my ozozon bank card, and then buy goods on ozon for 1 ruble. with an ozonbank card, you have access to millions of goods for 1 ruble. just make purchases anywhere. look, who is this? what a strange woman. haven't you seen paul and peter? are you mr. gekya?

approximately 5% of the population, and it is impossible to cure everyone yet. hearing loss is the result of damage to the structures of the inner ear, the central parts of the auditory analyzer, the vestibular-cochlear nerve. there are chronic acute forms of the disease. deafness - a widespread pathology. in russia

, almost 15 million people suffer from it. according to forecasts by the voss, by 2050 , more than 2 billion people in the world will suffer from deafness, most often elderly people suffer from deafness, sixty-year-olds get sick 2.5 times more often than forty-year-olds. the main problems of hearing loss are viral infections, about 60%. impaired blood circulation in the inner ear - 15%. well, and the consequences of traumatic brain injury 10%. the effectiveness of treatment depends on the time of treatment, the earlier the better. acquired hearing loss is generally treated with varying degrees of success, but modern medicine is unable to cure congenital deafness. and very often it cannot restore hearing after

a severe physical injury. well, for now everything is not very joyful, but we will look with optimism. into the future, elena viktorovna, well, here we tried to assemble a model of the ear, to be honest, we did not succeed very well, so be there, explain to us in general how we hear, here is what science knows about this today, well, some different parts will probably be needed to cover, so we will try, this is probably the eardrum, apparently. here at the top we close, close, close, in general, something like this, yes, so, well, really, in order to understand how a person hears, it is easiest to understand this with a visual aid. and the human ear, it consists of three parts, this is the outer ear, the middle ear, the inner ear, which is located

almost at the base of the skull deep inside the head. and any problem in the path of the auditory pathways can cause hearing loss. the outer ear is the auricle, the outer the ear canal and the outer part of the eardrum. here sulfur masses can accumulate, for example, thereby causing hearing loss. behind the eardrum is the middle ear, which is represented by a complex of auditory ossicles, the auditory tube. cells of the syrinx, and finally inside is the inner ear, there are two inner ears on each side, many people think that this is one ear, it is a very complex organ, when the medieval doctor galen first dissected the inner ear, he saw that

it looks like the ancient cretan labyrinth, that's why it's also called the labyrinth. it looks like something, but what is it made of, well really, what is it made of, cartilage, no, it's a very dense bone, a very dense bone, comparable to the density of a mammoth tusk, and this is not just like that, it is connected with the fact that nature has arranged it so that we hear external sounds to a greater extent, and do not hear the sounds of our own body, therefore, normally, hearing spreads precisely through this sound-conducting system to the inner ear, and if the ear were soft... which accompanied by such unpleasant symptoms, and they began to diagnose it not so long ago, only at the end of the last century this disease appeared, and before such patients were considered

psychiatric, they complained that their eyes were moving, they hear it, that they hear the sounds of their own intestines, seriously, they even hear how their eyes are moving, our eyes move with sound, i wonder, well , not for everyone, only for these unfortunate people, why is there something wrong with this bone? inner ear, with them, with them there are, in addition to the two necessary windows of the inner ear, the windows of the vestibule of the window of the cochlea, through which the impulse of this sound wave spreads throughout the labyrinth, they have a third window, the systole of the labyrinth, which leads to the fact that the system becomes sensitive to sounds inside a person, and do i understand correctly that the wave comes it passes specifically. that is, it is specially made these windows so that the wave would, as it were, dampen, i don’t know what its vibration was, because well, of course, it is reflected there from the walls, and through

external auditory canal, the sound wave hits the eardrum, then it passes through the auditory ossicles, which amplify it, and pushes into a small window, the oval window, which is already in the inner ear and this wave is transmitted to the fluids of the inner ear and sets the fluids in motion, and because sounds are transmitted in the fluid, as you were told today, for this purpose, to amplify the fluid, as a result, this leads to the fact that the inner cells that perceive the sound begin to vibrate and this happens the magical process of the transition of the mechanical energy of a sound wave into a nerve impulse, then this nerve impulse... and it goes into the brain stem and goes to the cerebral cortex, the cortex in the temporal lobe, where the primary cortex is located, but this

is not the end of it, as is now known, and the primary auditory cortex has a lot of projection connections with other parts of the brain, in particular with the limbic system, so we don’t just hear, we hear with the brain, we like beautiful music, for example, we can be offended by some rude words, and in general this is connected with the fact that we do not just perceive sounds like robots, but we can also analyze them, we can be aware of them, we feel them, we sense them, and what are the most common diseases associated with hearing today and, well, i don’t know, how are they diagnosed? as we see, our ear consists of the outer ear, the middle ear, the inner ear, but hearing does not end there, hearing... it is also the central nervous system, well, i will skip the story about this for now, let's start talking about ear, we have a disease of the outer ear, well , the most common diseases are

of course injuries to the auricle, injuries to the external auditory canal, some cicatricial stenosis, if we are talking about chronic diseases, then these are some cicatricial stenosis after injuries, after burns, sometimes even in psychiatric patients this is self-injury, constant constant self-injury of the ear with ... what about examining the ear, then we talk about diseases of the middle ear that are also very poorly treated and diagnosed, here well sometimes not 50 years is enough to learn all the diseases of the middle ear, to understand, to learn how to treat and diagnose them, and of course, why am i a pessimist, because humanity is definitely a skeptic, why am i a skeptic, well , because probably.

then we with the same camera - there it should be on the video, we look into the ear with the same camera, this is absolute, here you can see it, it is absolutely painless, but at the same time we completely see the eardrum, earlier, in order to see the eardrum, you had to adjust the reflector, and to see light, and to see to adjust the ear funnel, to select it correctly by size, and of course it is very difficult, very often, especially if it is such a routine reception... patients somewhere in distant regions or some working conditions are difficult, well, as it was before in wartime, then of course it was very difficult to diagnose, especially in small children.

because all diseases of the middle ear, not all, but the majority, yes, they still come from childhood, moreover, they are also associated not only with the ears, they can also be associated with nose, with the nasopharynx, with the child's speech, well, i'll probably talk about this later, how important it is to monitor this, because this also has a great influence, this is probably the most important stage of diagnostics that imenirinlar can offer, that we can see the eardrum, and of course along the eardrum.

it can have a hole, through the hole we can see in principle everything up to the inner ear, through the hole, if there is a perforation of the eardrum, sometimes we can see that there are no bones, that there is a cholestatoma, this is a disease that grows bones, this is a congenital something there is no bone there may be an absence of bones, it may be congenital, like a developmental anomaly, it may not be congenital there may be an injury, but more often than not an injury is a rupture of the chain of auditory

ossicles, if it is not... which destroys the bone, and the bone is a bone, this is the entire framework of our inner ear, this cholestomoma can grow into the auditory ossicles, destroy them altogether, because they are very small and this conduction to the nerve is very difficult process, okay, emil davidovich, and how does science help in the fight against deafness today? well, in fact, modern science can continue a whole range of activities, so in order to systematize them, with your permission, i will put them on the board. but it

is fragile, i will take it for safekeeping, yeah, well, first of all, these are hearing aids, yes, today they have improved significantly, they have become miniature, they have become more functional, in these hearing aids you can, like these , even smaller, probably, yes, yes, yes, absolutely right, they can even change... well, depending on the environment, yes, you can change certain frequencies, that is, amplify the sound in a noisy environment and , conversely, weaken it a little to better hear spoken language and so on, that is , such functions exist, moreover, these functions are implemented in applications that are attached to such devices, now the hearing aid comes with an application, i will say, the second is cuhlear implants, actually

cuhlear implants, well, also stem implants. implants, that is, are devices that they are used where hearing aids no longer work, yes, uh, here we are like this is exactly when uh - sound waves are directly converted in this device into electrical impulses are fed with the help of a special electrode directly to the auditory nerve, that is, when we have damage to the outer or... well, more often the middle ear, yes, thanks to such implants we can immediately affect the auditory nerve bypassing the previous paths, then, when , for example, the auditory nerve itself is damaged, yes, well, let's say with a tumor defeat, most often it is fibromatosis of the second type, then it is possible to use stem implants directly, yes, yes, right here the stem structures of the brain responsible for hearing are transmitted directly here for...

fences already exist, they are implanted, if simply if fochlear implants have been the standard for many years, since the end of the last century, then stem implants, they are still basically continuing to improve. thirdly, this is surgery itself, yes, surgical treatment - which on the one hand captures basically everything, which is connected with the hearing aid itself, and also, again, there are such surgical methods as, for example, stimulation of deep structures of the brain, in particular stimulation...

the inner ear, that is , these hairs that are in the inner ear, you can try to restore them in this way, or at least improve the function, thanks to the next point , artificial intelligence, all these

systems can work much more efficiently, when they are improved so much so that we will be able to listen, hear pure sound, yes, just like we are talking to you now, we hear, because such hearing is... practically unattainable, and if we achieve it, it will take many, many years, you understand, that is why, that is why we do not always stop at this point, but thanks to artificial intelligence , big data, yes, so-called, we will be able to eventually come to such an implant that will be able not only to give hearing to people who are deaf, but even improve our normal hearing, that is, we can listen better, listen more differentiated, listen to what we are not able to hear now. well, we will discuss the future and one last point, well, thanks to applications, thanks to applications, we can get not just hearing, we can simultaneously get text, let's say, a hearing aid amplifies sound and transmits it to a smartphone in

the form of text, we can translate from one language to another, both through this device, and on a smartphone into a language convenient for you , the implant immediately understands all languages, absolutely right, well we 'll talk about the future later. yes, but after the commercials, and for now let's watch and listen to the commercials, the commercials on ntv. don't miss it, central television, the first information show about the events and people of the week. the serial killer nicknamed the domodedovo vampire, after serving a quarter of a century in prison, was released and disappeared. where is the hidden maniac hiding? we found the killer that everyone lost, where is he really, and is it really worth fearing his return. washington is preparing a big scam for all of europe, why, regardless of whether, who will win the election, harris or trump, the states are going to merge their european allies, who have become a big burden for america. this will be your central

television, on saturday at 19:00 on ntv. russian premiere. from monday at 20:00 on ntv. all this for 1 ruble, it's like just paying everywhere with an ozoon-bank card, and then buying goods on ozon for 1 ruble. pay for azonbank cards, purchases anywhere, participate in the drawing of prizes for 10 million rubles. order free delivery from magnet stores. in the magnet mobile application you will find thousands goods, food, cosmetics and household chemicals. we give a 30% discount on the promo code magnet 30 on a selection of popular goods. this is what the case materials are about your daughter's murder. continuation of the cult series. it is necessary to select girls who can be used for special assignments. but this is not a business, this is a crime. blackmail me

into thinking, life on call three. watch now on kion. junior. with the junior card, the child will not be left without money, and parents will be calm about his financial growing up. apply for a junior card from. you calmly you will find reliable movers with reviews and repairmen with verified documents. aviite services, calmly find verified masters. combine up to three numbers for free and get bonus gigabytes every month. dad will now connect you to the mega family and share minutes and gigabytes. megafon. rubles are brought to us by vtb. cashback up to 25%. plus one category of cashback for transferring vtb from other banks. vtb. everything will work out, autumn is coming, go to ozon for

bright transformations, order clothes with discounts up to 50% and pay after trying on, everything is fine, you crash, the highway, only in okka, oh, mom, snot again, just the whole family got sick, really again on sick leave, there is a way out. in our family for this purpose we have kogacel for adults and children, from the first day of taking it it begins to reduce the severity of symptoms of ari and flu, it is not too late for us, kogacel can be used even with a late start of treatment and prevent complications, how quickly you returned, one got sick, kogacel for everyone, thank you, you pay through the sbp, modern, i try to be rational, it is profitable, register on vamprivet.ru, pay via sbp, everywhere, as usual, save up greetings and exchange. for cashback in real money, when the family turned into a kingdom

of ice figures, mom knew exactly how to melt them, ryaba makes the dish tastier, gathering loved ones at the table, ryaba mayonnaise is a fairy tale to be together, already 25 years, cheese, oh, forgot the cheese, it's good that we have each other, what will show us on tv, tell your wife that you caught? as long as we can remember, we are always together. magnit, 30 years next to you. we transferred our pension to vtb, and you can choose an additional payment for savings account or deposit, loan discount or cashback on all vtb, everything will work out. work part-time at azon warehouses, you will receive income of up to 9,300 rubles per day. convenient schedule , registration without experience. download the azon job application. if you are going to pay for communication right now, then it is better. first listen to the end, because you can pay for communication with a free

mts money card and get cashback of as much as 30%. i advise you not to miss out on the benefit, and if you are already paying for communication with an nts money card, then continue, sorry for distracting you. unique a country with a unique destiny, unique culture, unique people, original and full of mysteries, with a broad soul and rich traditions, a country that never ceases to amaze, discover your russia on the unknown russia tv channel. you have entered

foreign territory, matters of national importance are being decided there, we led, so there is enough adventure for us, there is an order, special, accepted, trunk, police, streamcon, it will all be over soon, i promise you, tverskaya, well, hello. the final episodes tomorrow at 20:00 on ntv. on air is the program "on science and we are a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years." davidovich said that there are already some crazy technologies for hearing restoration. and what other breakthroughs can be expected in the next 10 years. i would like to return a little to what lena viktorovna said, what we hear. this is really so, because we listen

with our ears, we hear with our brains, because in fact all the sound vibrations that we perceive as sound are simply mechanical vibrations of air, and then passing through the cochlea, going further into the nerves, they pass through a fairly complex system, for example, they pass through the medulla oblongata, and there they analyze the signal from the left and right cochlea, which sound came a little further, which a little closer, and so we can determine the distance, for example, to... an object, this is especially well developed in whales, dolphins, bats, which have developed this organ so that they use it as echolocation, in fact they hear with sound, they can...

i don’t want to hear eye movement, we can the brain really tunes in and cuts off unnecessary backgrounds, and then the signal goes to the primary cortex, then to the secondary tertiary, and the deeper the signal goes into the brain, the more complex the processes that occur there, because the primary cortex, in fact, is an amplitude-frequency analyzer and, as it were, each frequency, each amplitude is processed by a certain zone of the primary cortex secondarily. the cortex already works with more complex objects, like sounds, the sound of water, and there the sound of a voice, we determine this, we immediately have an association appears, then in the tertiary cortex we already work with speech, because we hear speech not as a random set of sounds, but as something integral, because the brain is a neural network, and when it processes

sounds, it predicts some things, in general, it is an insanely complex system, and we still do not understand how exactly what works there. i just wanted to ask, wait, are you in the primary, or secondary, or this tertiary cortex, and the sound no longer comes in a wave, and there is no purity there there is no need to cut it off, there is already an impulse coming, an impulse, but there in fact the impulse goes to each from a certain zone of the cochlea, therefore , and it comes, how does the brain understand from which zone of the cochlea it came to it, this is interesting, because the cochlea also receives sound non-uniformly, and lower frequencies are processed in one part of the cochlea. higher frequencies in another part of the cochlea and for this there are separate nerves, roughly speaking, but returning to breakthroughs, to breakthroughs, yes, this is a very complex system, as if this was the thesis for this, and here - there is as there are actually two ways we can go, like cyberization, that is, more

advanced implants, because modern cochlear implants that stimulate the nerve, they do this in a limited a sound range. frequency, because the electrodes are large, there are a lot of hair cells, you can’t stimulate them all, and today a direction such as thermo optogenetics is developing, when scientists can modify neurons so that they become sensitive to light, light can more subtly affect these here are the neurons, thereby increasing both the temporal and spatial resolution of the choleric implants and bringing them, roughly speaking, to what a person hears in a healthy state. technologies are now actively developing, the second thing that emil davidovich has already touched on is genetics. the thing is that stem, oh, not stem, hair cells, when they are damaged, they do not recover, when they are damaged, this is mainly due to either very loud sounds, that is, therefore, you cannot

listen to loud music, because they affect the hair cells cells, well, and over time, with age they also degrade, these cells themselves can be restored, because as i understand it, here. questions, but potentially it is possible, well, and the third direction is the study of the brain itself, what happens in the cortex when we hear speech, when we perceive some sounds, because now neurotechnologies have reached such a possibility, when a person thinks about something there,

reproduces some speech structures in his head, this can be done with some probability with the help of neurointerfaces there to highlight in the text, and there , roughly speaking... conditional telepathy, when we transmit from one person to another, this is no longer quite a subject of science fiction, this is more subtle engineering, well, after all, understanding how our brain works, so science is moving in this direction, i think that the cart cell needs to be restored somehow, continuing the topic, just exactly the work of the brain, i would like to say that the real problem is that it seems that we have somehow differentiated areas, but on the one hand sides. some area now the occipital cortex is more responsible for vision, the eastern ones for servants, but in fact they all work together, like a matrix, the interaction between them is very complex, maksimovich said it absolutely correctly, the hearing does not have time to perceive, the frontal cortex is already forming a response to what was heard and so on, therefore, really , the complexity itself lies precisely in

the interpretation of the signals of this matrix, the interaction between them, and i just have a quick question from a blonde like this, you know, now i heard everything, it turns out, but in fact we can hear everything, or we can cut off something with our brain, the brain does it itself, or i can control it myself, for example, i hear something, but not something, no, really, now my brain itself decides whether it hears eye movements or not, or i can set it up so that it hears something, but not something, and i, as a person, just as a person, as a woman, believe that this is possible, that this is this, this is this, this is a conspiracy, that our brain can really decide, in general, in principle , the brain, wait, can i decide myself? otherwise here he is, right now , deciding on his own without you and me, let's give him some kind of command, this is a difficult question, and i generally want

to tell you how from a surgical point of view there is no such thing now, although we can indeed put in a little prosthesis, so i want to ask to show a video of how this prosthesis of the auditory ossicles is installed, it is installed under control, here specifically this is the control of such a 3d exoscope, but in principle under... just the oval window, this transmission chain like the auditory ossicles, it is restored, and we can sometimes adjust, we don’t do it on purpose, but we can adjust a little bit depending on which zone of the oval window we put the prosthesis in, but sometimes it’s simply impossible to put it in any zone because and then a person hears

some frequencies well and some poorly, and he can, for example, hear the speech of one person, but not the speech of another, depending on what kind of voice, well, of course, for us the most important thing is that we listen to speech frequencies, because this is communication, and so a person socialize, look, maxim igorevich said that, for example, these same hair cells are destroyed by loud music, that is, it turns out that we are in headphones, and now everyone wears headphones, i have a feeling that over time, in 100 years, everyone will simply go deaf, well, again, from an optimistic point of view , i want to say that the headphones that were 20 years ago, 30 years ago and those that are now, they are very different, now there are very good headphones with noise cancellation, and this is noise suppression, if a person, let's say , is riding, well, earlier, as we said, a person is riding the subway, the subway, and the sound, the sound pressure is no less... there are 95 there are 100 decibels, and if you want to hear music, then you need to add a little more, now you don't

need to do this, you turn on active noise suppression and you can calmly listen to music at those intensities that do not lead to significant damage to the auditory receptors, okay, then i have a simple question for optimists and skeptics, briefly, look, it is believed that well... so that hearing problems do not arise how effective is such prevention in general, that is, well, i understand, do not sit in headphones for a long time, no, and if headphones , then this is what you need to do or, on the contrary, not do , noise reduction, and what, and what else, and what else does anyone have advice i am for early detection. hearing loss of the ear, i will say this again, because it is very important for children to pay attention to speech development, to the reaction of children, to sounds, because sometimes a non

-human child will not say that he has hearing loss, a child may have a poor vocabulary stock, and maybe he often has ear pain, parents do not go to the doctor, or they do, but the treatment is such that it leads to some protracted diseases or chronic speech, when if we are talking about children, not only speech, if, for example, the ear often flows, often ... often there are otitis, we even have the so-called vaccination against otitis, this is what i also urge parents to do, this is a vaccination against infection, yes, this is super, it really helps scientifically proven that this reduces the purity of otitis in the future ear diseases, well and of course, regarding the earphone, i want to say that now, of course, teenagers constantly wear an earphone, they wear one earphone, firstly, i advise wiping it with an alcohol wipe, especially for teenagers, because they also have hormonal changes, very often

it comes on, you need real courage, and even more of it is needed to decide to fix everything and publicly tell about everything, because of one mistake, anna yakovlevna's beloved grandson was taken away, she has a maternal feeling, they woke up, she abandoned the child, and had to i should go and take custody of him, i went to the funeral to the father first, then to the mother, so the head of the administration, the head

of the administration came and took the child, how old was the little one? they were supposed to be a year old, and also the story of two sisters who dream of getting their family together, the father was gone, it was hard for mom with us five children, she became pregnant with the child, she couldn't cope with it, then she started drinking, when the girl was taken away, i wanted to adopt her, well, take custody for a day, well, at that time i didn't have a passport, i didn't have anything, all five of us together in one city, the only thing missing is our little sister naderzha, wait for me tomorrow. at 17:55 on ntv. on air is the program "na nauka i mny a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years". dear guests, optimists and skeptics. a question for all of you. what is the probability, in your opinion, that in 10 years there really will be no hearing problems. dina evgen, let's start with you. do you have a prognosis? we, as doctors, otoringologists, need, we need

good surgical equipment, because that, despite the fact that otosurgery has stepped forward. well, very much forward, it all still comes down to the fact that surgically when we remove some pathological process from the ear, and we have to look around the corner, that is , the good magnification that modern microscopes provide is not enough for us, they give a very good, chic picture, but they cannot look around the corner, therefore, as it was before, now of course it is better, but still in order to get to the pathological process we are forced to remove a large amount of healthy bone tissue, it is removed it is with a bur, for example, just like dentists do, only only in everything, and there is endoscopic autosurgery, this is exactly the topic of my dissertation, it is wonderful, because we can restore through the ear canal with minimal incisions, with minimal intervention in general, but this does not always work, there are limitations, so if these limitations are somehow resolved, for example, we will be able to use the same endoscope only to look around the corner, but at

the same time also work behind this from the side, saw through a hole somewhere, something like that. well, actually, of course, the inner ear still remains a mystery to us, we can’t get into the inner ear without damaging its structure, so most of the diseases we treat are hypotheses, hypotheses that then justify themselves, in my opinion, it would be great if there was an opportunity to look into the structure of the ear to understand what is actually happening there, because not only

the inner cells can suffer, the junctions between the cell and the nerve can also suffer, or the nerve fibers themselves can suffer, then we, for example, we can’t see it with mri or ct, but if we could get in and do a biopsy, look at the structure, then it would be much clearer to us, today they talked a lot about genetics, about the development of stem cells, of course, i hope for this , because it is certain that the cells... sensory ones are not restored, this is the biggest problem, the biggest problem for us, which we cannot solve, and those cochlear implants that are being installed now, they cannot restore the hearing that is actually there, especially suffers speech intelligibility, that for us the most important cornerstone for a person is not just to hear, but to understand, to distinguish sounds, that is why i really believe that

in the next, maybe not 10 years, maybe more, but still we... will be able to somehow restore restore here is the forecast for the next 10 years, i would like, i would like, well, i will join in...

no, and i believe that just those methods that we talked about today, genetics, new types of stimulation, they will appear, but probably a little more than 10-year horizon, for us, for a 10-year forecast, yes, well, when i thought about percentages, i thought, well, 20%, probably, as a skeptic, this is normal, funny, it turns out that i say 20%, that well, there is a probability that these technologies will appear

, that hearing problems, unfortunately, will not be solved in 10 years, but i am also absolutely sure that in 10 years we will know much more, we will be able to do much more, that is, if not

an order of magnitude, then several times for sure, and with a probability of 90% we will be able to do more, 90%, thank you very much, with a probability of 32.5%. there won't be any problems with hearing, but it's expected, because we really do, because we really don't know everything about hearing yet, we can't look into the inner ear, and there's so much interesting stuff there, you know, and then there's the brain, yes, and the most important thing is that you need to take good care of your hearing, and it doesn't matter whether it's your child's or your own, make sure that at least there aren't any infections, vaccination against atitis, vaccination against meningitis, vaccination against...