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tv   Mi i nauka  NTV  September 27, 2024 1:00am-2:01am MSK

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new corridors connecting us with our promising export markets, make them regular, invest resources in this physical infrastructure to build rails, roads, ports, temporary storage warehouses and other cargo consolidation points, so that this regularity of deliveries is realized through such a seamless infrastructure in our new markets, these are of course the markets of southeast asia and
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we began to pilot our festivals made in russia, we saw that simply by creating events in which companies get to know each other, learn about the products that we produce, this knowledge, it immediately begins to be implemented in some business activity, which ends with export contracts, in november we will have the first festival made in russia already in the middle east in the united arab emirates, and of course. the traditional annual international forum made in russia, which we hold in october, on october 14 this year we invite everyone and russian foreign guests again to this forum, traditionally our forum is visited prime minister mikhail vladimirovich mishustin, at the forum we have a combination of three elements: this is the exhibition part, where we introduce our guests to our new export developments, the second part is the business program.
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not only are current topical issues discussed, but we are organizing this dialogue with those who make certain regulatory decisions, and of course, this is another third part - this is work with the regions, because here is the involvement of regions in the federal agenda, the possibilities of their regional export asset to integrate strategically into the country's export activities, this is also an opportunity that was appreciated at the regional forum, and our governors usually come. i personally don't even trust my deputies to our gubernatorial session. veronika olegovna, thank you very much for the conversation. thank you.
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hello, russia is celebrating a decade of science and technology, ntv television company and rosatom state corporation are presenting the program: we are science, science, and we are a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years. i, vladimir antoykin, i am ekaterina shugaeva, in 10 years science will disprove the law of universal gravitation. i would like to add, finally, one more thing, at the end of the program our optimistic guests will make a forecast, with what probability in 10? years science will disprove the law of universal gravitation, our expert, professor kapustin, will easily tell about the law of universal gravitation. probably, the very first natural scientist was not even a man, or rather, not quite a man, but some pyatkantra, who, sitting by the fire, threw a stone at his fellow tribesman and noticed that the stone bounced off his head and fell to the ground, so gravity or universal was discovered?
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gravity, gravity is a universal, fundamental interaction between material bodies that have mass. at low speeds, compared to the speed of light, gravity is described by newton's theorems. newton was a physicist and mathematician, a mechanic, an astronomer, he is the creator of classical physics and mathematical analysis. he wrote the laws of universal gravitation, a description of gravity. heliocentric solar system. he built a reflecting telescope and developed the theory of light - integral and differential calculations. but it was not this that made the great scientist famous, he was famous for the law of universal gravitation, which describes gravitational interaction within the framework of classical mechanics. well, everyone knows the story about the apple that fell on his head.
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everyone knows about the apple, but i have a personal question for you: what do you think, when people are attracted to each other, is it love or is it the law of universal gravitation? the etheric sphere, where their
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natural place is, such a very simple explanation, the desire as if for one's own, for one's own, yes, for heavy ones the own is somewhere there, well then there was mechanics... regarding love, newton believed that gravity is an expression of divine love, as if of everything for everything, yes of everything for everything, and since it penetrates everything, then it , so to speak, reaches out to itself and through itself, yes through these different objects, and this is a force, it acted instantly at any distance, this is called the concept of long-range action. and then later the idea of ​​a field was introduced, when it was assumed that objects around create fields, and in order for one object to act on another, this effect must be transferred through the field, therefore, when one object has moved, and the field is still old, yes, then the speed
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of transfer of interaction arises, this theory is called short-range, well, and then einstein's theory of relativity, which generally linked gravity with the curvature of the four-dimensional...
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the theory that first described this really worked, it was from this moment that it was possible, as already said, was able to provide , as i believe, to begin the countdown of the conscious use of the law of universal gravitation, these were the simplest block mechanisms, for example, as a result , cranes appeared, with the help of which cathedrals were built. after which they developed into aerostats in a dirigible,
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but still this cannot be called a fully controlled flight, because much depended on the external environment, on air flows, wind, in the end, and brothers. together with children we discover their boundless inner world, i am fond of astrology, tarot cards, i bring people to the future, you will be at a barbecue, a man is sitting with swords, that means at a barbecue, these are not swords, these are skewers, at night i crept to the refrigerator
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for goodies, not goodies, but food, today we will cook shakshuka, i am already drooling at your height, when you grow up, who will you become, a multi-instrumentalist? masko, miracle! arseniy popov and i invite you to the carefree world of childhood on saturday at 20:20 on ntv. varangians premieres tomorrow at 20:00 on ntv. we have different noses, and we tolerate things differently runny nose. we'll say stop to the runny nose if rinost is involved. rinost extra is active from 25 seconds to 12 hours. arinost extra with mintolam and... liptom helps reduce the duration of the runny nose, rena stop, let's say stop to the runny nose,
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on the air is a program, science and we are a program about how science will change our lives in the next 10 years, in 10 years science will disprove the law of universal gravitation. at the end of the program, our guests, optimists and skeptics, will make a pragna.
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from the second law, it is valid only for the movement of bodies with speeds much, much less than the speed of light. newton's third law states that forces arise only in pairs, force is the result of interaction tel. the so-called horse paradox is also connected with the third law. newton's third law says that a horse acts on a cart in the same way as a cart acts on a horse. this means that no matter how much the horse pulls the cart, both the horse and the cart will not move, but anyone who has a horse can see that this is not so, so using newton's laws requires a clear understanding of which body and which point the force is applied to. alexey georgievich,
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the professor told us about the horse paradox, does science really know everything about today? the law of universal gravitation? why does it work at all, by the way? the law of universal gravitation, the classical one, created by newton, it has existed for several centuries, it was created in the middle of the 16th century, of course, physics has long since stepped many, many steps forward, in terms of studying gravity and - the interaction of bodies, now at the present moment, let's say ... so the main postulate is einstein's general theory of relativity, but let's go back a little to the past, and i would like to say that when newton's law was created, for a long time there were some difficulties, and some things that were observed and existed in the world were not
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described by this law, for example, there was a difficulty with substantiating the instantaneous effect of gravity. on bodies, first, second, in 1859 , a deviation of the movement of mercury from that calculated using newton's laws was discovered, this was, let's say , a very important, key point in the fact that the law actually does not work to the fullest extent, because what is newton's law, if we now reason based on the knowledge that we already have... in essence, this is very a good mathematical description of the processes that newton observed and we observe on earth, well, in some near-earth space, yes, it works, but later the general theory of relativity formulated by einstein already at the beginning of the 20th
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century, it allowed all these questions, so to speak, to explain, to solve all these difficulties and that is... it turns out that newton's law was absorbed by the general theory of relativity and under certain conditions we still continue to use it. it would seem that here is the solution, yes, the general theory relativity explained everything to us, all the difficulties are solved, the law exists, everything, we can continue to live peacefully and not worry, not everything is so simple. now, at the present time, a new theory is being promoted, the theory of quantum gravity and it grows out of physics.
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there must be a particle, and one, one of the main postulates of the standard model is that the interaction, whether electromagnetic, weak, strong, gravitational, must be accompanied by the exchange of some particle, sometimes even virtual, the question arises, the waves have been discovered, where are particle, the particle has not yet been found, actually, and another problem, just here, the search for a particle goes to the theory of quantum gravity, and this is such a non-trivial task, because the general theory of relativity.
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today confirm precisely this universality, and i, as a super-conservative in this matter, would also say that newton's law, the law of universal gravitation, was in effect, is in effect, will be in effect, and
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there is nothing special to refute, from the point of view of the distant universe, stars, galaxies, planets, everything is fine here, they are to be explored it is possible by astronomical methods, the law is confirmed with the highest degree of accuracy, what about mercury, which is also explained by the theory of general relativity. everything, everything is absolutely explained, that heavy bodies bend the space around them, that's about the microworld, well, actually, that's what alexey was talking about, it's a little more complicated here, but i would say from a methodological point of view, it's difficult to study, when you try to watch how two dust particles are attracted to each other, then it is impossible to be crowned by gravity, it is very difficult for you to investigate this, and the tester who stands and examines these two specks of dust, himself attracts them by... more than they attract each other, but nevertheless scientists are investigating these issues and have shown, a couple of years ago there was an article in the
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nature magazine about how everything is in order in the microworld , the law with this p-square works exactly the same, exactly the same, that is, it is universal, then there was a question about antimatter, what about antimatter, maybe it has antigravity, also last year. researchers at cerni showed that no antiparticles, fall down, do not levitate anywhere, everything is fine with them too, that is, the law in principle, well, it is kind of universal, but what practical application does it have, and practically, yes, i would like to show this a little from the point of view of mercury, that is, we have long ago, saddled gravity, i would say, learned to use it, so if we depict - schematically the sun, yes, the solar system, just mercury, well, here we have venus and the earth, we try, so we don’t
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need venus yet, we wanted to fly from the earth to mercury, yeah, it would be logical to fly along the shortest route, but when mercury and the earth are on the same side of the sun, it's about 80 million km. and you can fly at a speed of, let's say, 80 thousand km/h. and you could fly there in about 1.00 hours, that's right, a thousand hours, nevertheless, the bepi colombo project, a european-japanese project with the participation of russian researchers, was launched in the eighteenth year, and will fly to mercury only next year, it will take 7 years to fly there, why are we flying for 7 years, how if only... instead of a thousand hours, we observe the speed limit, simply if we flew for a thousand hours, then we would have to take so much fuel with us on the spacecraft that we would not have enough mass
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actually and the instruments, on the instruments, and we fly only on gravity, and we would like to take the instruments, therefore we use the so-called gravity maneuvers, that is, we use this gravity, and the flight from the earth to mercury will actually, roughly speaking, in a... in a spiral will occur, well, we are just quietly attracted to the orbit of mercury, it is there will rise, that's what it will take, that is, if the planet is flying, and that means in this direction, and we send a spacecraft after the planet, then the planet kind of pulls it along with itself, the speed of the spacecraft before meeting the planet and after, and before less after increases, accelerates, in the other direction it will - slow down on the contrary, yes, i just wanted to say, and if you want to return home from mercury, you can also, you can also accelerate, so this is what i just wanted to bring all this to.
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all laws of universal gravitation, that we can easily use all this because we know it so well now we use it, and we don't need any super-modernization of the law, here i am, and if i modernize it, maybe we'll fly faster, well i think that this universality shows us that everything works, everything works very well, you're just a skeptic, let's now be an optimist, vyacheslav ivanovich, well, and... everyone has encountered the law of universal gravitation one way or another, if not in physics, then at least in class physical education, when we tried to jump, i just said daniil evgenevich, and we overcame the law of universal gravitation, launched rockets, to be honest, i jump on the skipping rope and think, i'm awesome at overcoming it , he's in physical education, do you want to jump, lady fest, what did they just forget to bring us a mat,
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for some reason it's normal without a mat. well, look, i'm really pulled to the ground, have you ever jumped over a goat, a long, long time ago in physical education, and i haven't jumped in physical education, there was not a goat standing there, but something else, a horse, the law of everything, a horse and over it seems they didn't jump on him, i'll try, well , come on, oops, oh, that's cool, wait one more time, do you want more, well, come on, oh, no, by the way, it's very... the law of universal gravitation is easily overcome, maybe it doesn't work after all, come on, come on, well, i 'll do it the old-fashioned way, it works on us the same way, look how it should be, look how it should be, look, the main result, that's it, something is wrong with your law, well, the children are legitimate, it's clear that they don't study it in physical education,
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who studies gravity today? and how to do it, well, they hardly jump like that, well here we see wonderful examples that are studied primarily by physicists, of course, and theoreticians and experimentalists, but philosophers also study the law of universal gravitation, yes they try, well, in his time newton was also a philosopher, his main work was called the mathematical principle of natural philosophy, that is, then physics was not completely separated from philosophy and was part of, well, in essence, on...
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dynamics, where not one force would act, the force of attraction, but two forces would act, the force of gravity, the force of levitation, and it was possible somehow using the resources of levitation interactions, to overcome the same law of gravity, universal gravitation, which is what humanity actually does constantly, both physically and morally and mentally, and trying, if you look at the law of family gravity here, it's like a principle...
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going out and discovering new boundaries, and so on ad infinitum, the outrage is so many forces on us, in general, so many boundaries, so many boundaries, you're not in charge everywhere, come to terms with it, advertising on ntv. don't miss the central television, the first information show about the events and people of the week. antidote to old age as a side effect, a cure for old age that scientists have been unsuccessfully looking for, in fact, has long been discovered all these years stood. on the shelves of pharmacies, as a drug that was created to treat an infection, an unexpected effect was discovered, prolonging life by exactly 10%. aging can be treated like any other disease. who wanted to destroy all the samples of the drug at the follow-up stage, and what will have to be paid for each year of life overtime. this will be your central television on saturday at 19:00 on ntv. miracle, premiere on saturday at 20:20 on ntv.
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stars have such powerful gravity that there can't be any elevations, the entire star is smooth as a billiard ball, and recently astrophysicists have observed mysterious behavior in star clusters that challenges our understanding of gravity on a cosmic scale. and since newton's laws don't work under certain circumstances, they just need to be changed, and that will have far-reaching consequences for all of physics, you just need to change doesn't work, you just need to change,
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it's logical, of course, here, by the way, listen , look, do you have weights, yes, we lift them, because the law of universal gravitation, yes, it's like a weight, it's very strict, but no, well, wait, as is known, the severity of the law is compensated by the non-obligation of its implementation, well, it depends on who, you have such a weight, you have such a weight, you have a gravitational one, someone yes, someone fulfills it, someone does not necessarily, antigravity, yes, i have a limiting one. no, well, really, alexey georgievich, and if, for example, it is possible to somehow avoid the law of universal gravitation, well, some loopholes, science, well, at least some, at least some, look, we have already discussed with you, yes, that newton's law, it is unshakable, in principle, it works everywhere, yes, but there is one place where it is still unknown how it will behave, this is the vicinity of supermassive black holes, these are just places like this.
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unfortunately, it was very black, unfortunately, its details, they are not so, let's say, nothing is visible, good to see to understand, really, what is there happens, kazimir maleevich, i think, did something like that too, only a little earlier, we don’t even understand what’s happening next to a black hole, not to mention what’s happening inside, absolutely right, so now this is one of those opportunities to try to get some kind of answer, can we refute something or... find a loophole to change everything, somehow modify it, but in any case, you and
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i are on earth, so the good old law is still valid for us newton, i would also like to add that in fact the root of the problem is not that we want to refute the law or avoid it, in that we actually still do not fully know what gravity is, what its nature is, that is, if we know something about how the nucleus is structured and how the interaction inside the nucleus of an atom occurs, yes, that is, there are strong interactions, quarks, gluons, it all agrees, then gravity is, in my opinion, so far such a dark story, we have tamed some phenomenon, but we ourselves have not we understand that this is a statement, we do not know why we are drawn to the earth, why we are from it, no, we know, newton's law works for us, but what gravity itself is, yes, naturally, and for now, what?
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this is time, the fourth coordinate in space, that is, here we still have a lot to learn new, and if we find these gravitons, it turns out that we can increase gravity, decrease it.
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gravity, to our great regret, does not
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have plus and minus signs, as, for example, electric charges have, it has only one-way action, as a result of which it does not happen exactly. which could be turned on and the whole world would turn upside down well in fact yes and therefore we cannot talk about the creation of artificial gravity yet, but as mikhail evgenievich correctly said, we have really partially tamed it, we often see concepts, for example in scientific films, when a large... this is probably one of the closest most working proposals, concepts that we can offer, and what are we missing for creates artificial gravity, so far, in order to understand gravity, and as
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has already been correctly said, we can use it in much the same way as we use a telephone or a wristwatch, but... we do not fully understand the mechanics of these processes, accordingly, we need experiments, we need research, as alexey georgievich correctly said, gravitational waves were discovered quite recently, gravity is a fundamental force that becomes absolutely irresistible, and this is a monstrous force that creates black holes, galaxies, in general the entire universe that we live in, it owes its appearance to gravity, it would simply not exist, it... there would be a uniform soup, that's it, but we see stars, we see galaxies, bad, everything would hang, no one would spin, no one would be interested either, well, life would be completely boring, well, on the other hand, mikhail evgenevich, indeed, if we assume that we disprove the law of gravity, which i have no doubt about, because after all
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gravity must have a downside, but everything always has a downside, but a holy place is never empty, that gravity will be replaced?
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the universe concept of dark energy, that is, something - that which pushes, well, and if you push, then this is so, this is a little close, and under antigravity, yes, it could be done like that, although i believe that of course, this is not antigravity at all, just some force that led to the accelerated expansion of the universe at the beginning, that is why the law of universal gravitation will be replaced... a more precise law of universal gravitation, we'll just understand what pushes us apart and what, and in any case this law should include, as alexey georgievich already said, the law - both newton's theory and einstein's theory, because they work under certain conditions on
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certain scales, therefore the new law, if it will clarify something, but we haven't yet encountered it in principle, haven't come to such a moment, haven't discovered such a phenomenon that would require us to cancel or replace it there the law of universal gravitation, no, but what about all this soul. well, there is something higher than just mathematical formulas, and banal physics, well, really, no, you know, right, right, he said, when physics began, it began in fact, as everything united, spirit, there is mathematics, it was all, mathematics only described what we feel somewhere there and in the soul, as a result, now mathematics has become so distant from the more spiritual that it seems to me, it has forgotten about the main thing, okay, then i have a question for our guests, optimists and skeptics, we spent the entire program talking about refuting the law of universal gravitation, firstly, it would be nice to voice it, yes, by the end of the program, at least, how is it, here or
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write a formula, yes, that's firstly, and secondly, in general, is it necessary to do this in principle, why do we need this, here, it seems to work, as if and maybe we won't touch it at all, while it works, we'll break something, i agree with you, well, how does progress stand still, what about dreams of interstellar and intergalactic travel? in this regard, such knowledge would probably allow us to make these travels faster, for example, or more efficient, more comfortable. it seems to me that we need to be a little optimistic to say that many extremely important discoveries, even some devices, for example, the same microwave oven that we use every day in our everyday life, were made absolutely by accident, so you can never say where you will find, where you will lose, perhaps. the next open door for us is the refutation of the law of universal gravity, or maybe on the contrary, we will find a theory that explains it much better and
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does not require such fundamental changes, that is, you are not afraid that we will discover something there, refute it, everything will fall apart, but i am afraid that we will not receive new knowledge, i agree with daniil evgenievich in the sense that i always say that there is always an element of chance, when some kind of breakthrough discovery occurs, which... can turn everything upside down, it does not matter in gravity, there are patterns of knowledge, because it is impossible discard, as if movement in the space of meanings, that is, when we discover some new meaning, a new idea, a whole space opens up before us, which realizes this idea, shows it from different sides, then, when we master this space, then the horizon moves away a little and the potential for discovery, activation appears before us, but...
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try to refute all the same to the end to study school physics first, because here in my institute in a year, well, two, three, four times, sometimes it happens in successful years like experts who refute all theories, including the theory of universal gravitation, say, i discovered this phenomenon, it doesn't work, you got it wrong, newton interpreted it wrong, look further. and well, in 100% of cases it was like that, the person didn't finish reading the school physics textbook, well, but it was different, the french academy in
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turn once banned, well, like, accepting an appeal regarding meteorites, because stones don't fall from the sky, that's all and there was a ban on studying meteorites, then it turns out that stones sometimes fall from the sky, where are you sending these people, wait, maybe, maybe at least collect what they bring, we of course don't send them anywhere, we of course carefully read, research and carefully talk to them with these people, as much as possible, especially since we are obliged to respond to... citizens' forgiveness, here, but i say, unfortunately, it turns out that sometimes their school is lame, there is only one piece of advice, read the textbook to the end, no, not half of the textbook and don't tear out some of it page from it, from the context, you need to read carefully, and then engage in refutation, in order to overcome the old, you need to know this old well, you need to be more than this old, you also need to refute,
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because while we refute, suddenly we will discover something else along the way. accidentally, well that will be great, yes, let's go read a physics textbook for now, an advertisement on ntv. maybe we will not find happiness, and to be honest, you are not my bride, but so much path, we have gone through with you to find our place together, you are venus, i am jupiter, you are moscow, i am st. petersburg, people, help, breathe, you!
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well, since we take the aspect will disprove, then i very easily get out of this situation and say: the general theory of relativity has already disproved the law of universal gravitation, because these additives that are added there to rsquared, these tensor equations of einstein, which record more accurate relationships, and these incomprehensible constants too, if you are a pedant, this is already a refutation of the laws of universal gravitation, 100% disproved, already disproved. thank you very much, in my opinion, in principle the law can be clarified every day if the appropriate experiments are carried out, here is the latest clarifying experiment, if i am not mistaken, i am not mistaken, and my memory does not fail me, it was almost in 2021, such experiments are probably being carried out now, yes, if we are talking about something really fundamental, then in my
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opinion no, because it seems to me that 10 years is not enough to... to create at least some technical means for the level of experiments that can be carried out in order to potentially refute, you don't believe in chance, well there is chance it is always connected with astronomers who can suddenly see something, zero or that is to say on chance there to lay something there but oh well, let's say 0.25, because i can say that there is one hope - this is the observatory. millimetron, which we are creating, now it will look at black holes and maybe we will be lucky, where this observatory will be, the observatory will fly in the same place where james web is now, it is 1.5 million km from the earth, it will work together with ground-based telescopes, just as the event horizon telescope received an image of a black hole, the millimetron, also together with ground-based telescopes, will try to do this, but 10 times better than
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here... 0.25%, well at least something, thank you very much, i'm afraid that no one will be able to give us an exact forecast, but i would like to emphasize that science and progress do not stand still, until recently we perceived einstein's general theory of relativity as something unshakable. but now there are such things as artificial intelligence, which allows us to speed up calculations, development, simplify the work of scientists many, many times, therefore 10 years in this context, this is already a very long period, during which you can do a lot, and moreover, we still do not understand the nature of gravity, it is quite possible that we will need some assumptions that will allow us to look at all
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these laws from a slightly different angle. the probability that science and it seems to me that we need to ask the question whether in the next 10 years science will come to some more a general, more complex theory than we have now and... with what probability, either yes or no, that is, it's 50%, 50%, thank you very much, a good optimist, well, i would say approximately what alexey georgievich says, yes, physicists, astrophysicists, astronomers, are engaged in experiments, they conduct experiments, but again, until today, if we talk about the law of universal gravitation, they all confirm only the law of universal gravitation in the form in which it exists now. i would probably leave 1% for something else to happen, especially - if we look at black holes, areas around black holes, or we study dark energy, yes, ah, but i think
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that in the coming decades everything will remain as it is, that is, we now know the law of universal gravitation quite well, that is, 1%, that's it, too, let's say 0.75, that's how they read it to me. 0.75, let's say 0.75, thank you very much, volodya, with a probability of 37.75, everyone today is a fan of exact numbers, what exactly do we have in front of us today, yes, science will not refute the law of universal gravitation, on the contrary will refute, and no, well, yes, yes, yes, that is, well, that is, that is, bish science of course will not refute the law of gravity, probably, most likely, in 10 years, perhaps, it will not even clarify it, today i was first struck by the fact that we do not know why gravity works, how it pulls us, and why no one knows where these very gravitons are, no one understands, this is really very cool, i was also struck by the fact that today not one of our wonderful guests,
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a scientist, did not remind us of the formula of the law of universal gravitation itself, believing that it is correct considering that our viewers, even you and i , are so smart, so educated, so much remember the class - physics in school, that everyone remembers the law of universal. so that people simply love each other, exactly, even if the law of universal gravitation cannot explain why
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you are drawn to each other, just stand there, use it to observe. see you in a week, bye, let's fly.

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