walks toward reintegration.

of if you observe the earth from the space, you may not find all natural features that you studied in geography books such as mountains, lakes, rivers, plains, etc. they don't look like... the same as you imagined, you can't

see the mount everest from that large distance, but there are features that can be seen easily from the space, like the amazon river. the amazon river is approximately 6,500 to 6,800 km long and has an average discharge of about 215,000 to 230,000 cubic. per second. the amazon river sets the record in terms of the sheer volume of water. it is the largest rainforest ecosystem in the world. the jungles surrounding the amazon river are considered the lungs of the planet. it is home to numerous different species. there are thousands of distinct creatures in the amazon and you can find everything there. there is also a large company that has been

active for 25 years in seattle, us where you can find everything you need except houses, cars, cigarettes and predatory animals. these are actually jeff bezos's red lines. he's the founder and ceo of amazon, who had big dreams since he was a primary school student. he's one of the richest man in the world. in the 70s, when he was a primary school student, he wrote an essay and mentioned his dreams. basos stressed that earth is the most precious planet and thought about moving off this planet. he thought of a gigantic ship that could be home to people. in that time, bazos just wrote his dreams, but now he thinks. seriously about that project, jeff

basos unveils his grand space plans in his conferences. he talks about his plan for colonizing the space. according to many, this plan is not practical and seems funny to them. it is as funny as one person became the richest person on earth by selling his books. jeff basos did the same thing and now owns the largest retail store in the world. in the beginning, he just sold books and nothing else. amazon.com, this virtual shop claims to be the world's largest bookstore. this is my computer, amazon.com on the screen. for many

decades, bookstores did not pay attention to technological advances and the fundamental changes, and only used to sell books, they dealt with the return the books and small sizes of the warehouses. people were also used to buy books in large cities. besos graduated from princeton university in 1986 with degrees in electrical engineering and computer science. he worked on wall street in a variety of related fields afterwards. then he thought about selling books. online. he later said an interview that when he realized in 1994 that the use of the internet had grown 23 times compared to the previous year, it was better idea to invest in this industry. most of the people didn't see this

type of data useful at all. two years later, he sold the first book online. we all know that a communications revolution is underway in this country. what is the internet? sort the mother of all networks, it's a information highway, it's kind of like your remote control to the became across the startling statistic that web usage was growing at 2,300% year, so i decided i would try and find a business plan that made sense in the context of that growth and i picked books as the first best product to sell online. soon publishers and libraries welcomed amazon's activities and started to sell and buy books on. online, then amazon revenue increased day by day. in 1996, amazon grew its revenue to $16 million. this company was founded with investment of $300,000 by jeff basos's cuban stepfather. net sales for

fiscal 1997 were 147.8 millions and $838% increase over net sales of... $15.7 million reported for fiscal 1996. this year amazon's book warehouses were the size of six football fields. at that time people realized that a giant had stepped into the world of information technology. jeff bezoll used a very simple method earn money. he found easy way to sell books. he owned large book warehouses. amazon started to ask for... all discounts from publishers to have the books and then sell them online. it didn't matter to was where you lived. wherever a person had access to the internet, there was a branch of amazon and the book would reach him in the

shortest possible time. customers used to buy these books cheaper than other stores. the... number of amazon users increased for the same reason. amazon served over 17 million customer accounts. customers also used to buy dvds and musical instruments as well. in fact, basos used the book as a drug. people in all around the world were addicted to amazon and its books and bezos tried to come up with new items in his company. he used to tell his employees that this is just the beginning. in the beginning of the 21st century besos began selling more products on amazon. amazon started to suggest new

products to customers every time. considering all these products, books were the most important products for people. people in that time. amazon's revenue reached more than $2.7 billion dollars in the first year of the new century. in the following year, amazon's revenue exceeded 3 billion. there were more than 20 million customers. amazon moved its warehouses to other cities around the world. in this way, customers received their products in... the shortest time. amazon could soon become the walmart of the internet. there were thousands of businesses eager to sell online. besos offer them a way to do it. amazon is transforming itself from an online bookstore to an online mall. it transformed amazon into a retail platform

where anyone could sell their goods to his customers and invited thousands of other businesses to be a part of it. it's the easiest place for anybody small or large who wants to... setup shop online, to sell online, because they can access our 12 million plus customers anybody, all comeers in 2003 amazon launched search inside the book. users were allowed to search for the desired term in a book without changing it. publishers cautiously agreed that amazon would scan some books and turn them into searchable text. in fact, bases was promoting the digital book industry at that time. in that time apple controlled the music market with ipad and itunes and bas didn't want to lose his control over the book market. a year later, baso set up a lab in silicon valley.

he asked his researchers to build a device to read digital books. this laboratory said to the project officials, you must develop a strategy in such a way that everyone who sells books in physical form will no longer have a job. it seemed that basos wanted to destroy himself. at end of 2007, amazon ceo jeff basos unveiled kindle dx in new york. it was a simple and light device that could store 200 books downloaded from amazon with a significant improvement compared to previous models. basos announced that the price of best selling and new books would be. regardless of volume and quality. besos was

inspired by the sale of 99 centle songs on itunes. the unveiling of kindle dx once again attracted attention to amazon. this showed that besos was very forward thinking. basos was able to increase amazon's revenue to about $15 billion dollars in 20. 2007 after almost 25 years since the establishment of amazon, the income has reached $300 billion dollars, this made besos the richest person on earth with a fortune of $185 billion dollars higher than bill gates and elon musk. besos still keeps his old things in a corner of his office in seattle. remember where he started and where he ended up? now he has more than 580,000 employees all over the

world. amazon plays an important role in the employment of people in the united states of america. he has made the amazon very similar to the amazon river, and now for many of the 310 million users of this site, it is unimaginable to leave a day without amazon. however, if we travel to the amazon forests, maybe our opinion will change completely. what we see from a distance is very different from the reality of amazon. barns and nobel was the largest bookstore in the united states for many years. this bookstore, which started in 1880. 6 in new york, now has nearly 627 retail stores across the united

states. this bookstore is one of the most important competitors that was pushed out of the book market by amazon and now has to close several of its stores every year. maybe the fate of this bookstore is the same fate as the borders bookstore which finally surrendered in 200. 2011 after 32 years of experience and declared bankrupcy, another thousand small book stores filed for bankrupcy between 2000 and 2007. now amazon's share of the printed book market is about 50% and this year in the ebook market is about 75%. but the question is, how could amazon bring such a disaster to traditional book

stores and publishers in less than decade after its establishment? more than 10,000 employees will lose their jobs as a result. getting the news today, it's upsetting. we tried, we tried, we gave it our best. when bazos started selling in this old way, publishers were paid very late. and had to collect the return books, they didn't have enough information about their customers, bookstores acted instinctively, amazon's sales method quickly attracted the attention of publishers. publishers preferred to hand over the books to amazon to sell them a

discount. my present concern though is that amazon by selling what are called frontlest ebook. that the books that are in hand, by selling them below cost, are creating uh artificial incentives for people to move from physical books e-books, and i don't think that that's right. the strange growth of amazon and the profit that publishers received made them dependent on this company. every time a book was introduced on amazon, thousands of purchase requests were.... dessert, selling books became prosperous. many believed that if amazon had not been established, perhaps the book printing and book selling industry would have been disappeared by now. amazon was very important to the success of my book. i know that they do lot of internal marketing efforts, they are able to tell what kinds of books people like, and therefore when they recommend a

book to one of their customers, it's based on previous uh purchases and previous kinds of books that that person has read. so i do think that that really helped to get my book in front of potential readers. when publishers became more dependent on amazon, it was basus's turn to change amazon's structure. bases believes that the whole market should be for himself alone. this means a maximum reduction in prices. so amazon announced that from then on, should give more discounts to amazon, which reached up to 50% of the price of the back cover of the book. basess decision greatly reduced publishers profits. on the other hand, if a publisher like mcmelan rejected this offer, amazon would remove the purchase option for this publisher's books or customers wouldn't be able to see mcmillan's books on the front

page of amazon's website, which actually meant the destruction of publishers. another important event in the new century was the change of amazon's algorithms. earlier, the editors and content producers recommended the books and reviewed them, but c 2000, it was the personalization algorithm that determined which books to recommend to whom. it was based on previous purchases, amazon's knowledge of the customers, then, if amazon were to introduce... a book, publishers would have to pay $10,000. according to amazon's contract and confidentiality policies, it will never be known what effect these ads would have on sales. kinder dx wireless reading device worsen the situation for the polishers.

mein name ist lena, ich bin 21, komme aus ähm dorf protzelten, das liegt im spessert in bayern. in der zeit habe ich erstmal dieses bewusstsein für den islam überhaupt entdeckt. dann habe ich, ich bin habe auch jeden, jede nacht zu gott gesprochen, gesagt, gott, wenn du da bist, menschen wissen von islam

erzählen und so und meiner begeisterung. my name is muhammad chaudhary. was born in karachi, i was raised in a family of five children, so i started my education at the age of about four or three and a half, my mother was deeply religious, used to explain

that in the holy book, there are so many verses of universe and creation of humanity and creation of universe, and that our religion teachers to be more proactively looking into the truth, so we were pondering about different phenomen us, we used to see galaxies, we used to look into different animals, you know, that was extremely important factor in my intellectual development, and then in my secondary school, i have had the opportunity of benefiting from some very good teacher, so our laboraties for chemistry and physics and biology were as good as anywhere else in the world, i moved to university and university was again a have access to... some very good teachers, initially i got admission in university of arizona, but then i decided to remain in pakistan because i met professor taruman, was my mentor, professor arta has gave me sense

of direction, he gave me depth of thinking, i travel to pennsylvania state university, which is which is very high quality institution, i completed my ph and then got the opportunity of my post talk in karnal university, work in frontiers of science technology, so i was working a structure. chemistry using all the modern tools of organic chemistry such as anima spectoscopy, x-ray diffrection, mas spectrometry. project is all about using nature's diversity, and nature's diversity, there are lots of chemical diversity, so everything natural you pick and you would identify lots of fascinating molecules, these molecules are capable of locking disease mechanism. and what we have done in last three decades is to actually use profound knowledge of chemistry and biological sciences to identify molecules which are present nature as drug like

molecules, some of them are active as antibacterial, some of them are active as antiviral, some of them are active against the epilepsy, some of them are active against cancer and project has been extremely success successful because since last three decades we have been looking in to various kinds of chemicals from different sources, from marine organisms, from medicinal plant, fungi and bacteria and isolated this fascinating array of complex structure. i used to read lot, i used to read about medieval muslim scientists who laid the foundation of modern science as it is today, and i used to read about al-baruni, ibn rush and other from seventh century. to 12th century, muslim world let the entire humanity in terms of science and technology, there were many scientists from west asia who contributed in the development

of science and technology, is a time for us to go back, understand the fundamentals of what is required to be done, and this is the reason why initiative such as mustapha science and technology prize has pivotal role in in encouraging people to move, go back to the science and technology and start contributing towards the betterment of humanity by innovation and by by research. hossain and ibrahim are standing up. in the ruins of the house overlooking the school in the northern gaza strip town of baid hannun. the israelis rounded them up and kill 16.

them where they stood, mostly children, and wounded more than 55 others. the children were playing in the street, some were playing on the swings. we were surprised by the explosion, but when we turned round, we saw the children had become shred of flesh laying the street, some were injured and some others dead. it's my uncle shaban jamal and muhammad were among those, now carries with them memories of explosions of screams of horror by the inhumane uncunonable acts of israel, you're watching.

you press the headlines, you're on security force stored. nation plans targeting senior sunny clerics, judges and members of the islamic revolution guard ford. new report says israel is detained over 135,000 palestinian since ilaaks intofada in 2000, including thousands of children. and united nations rights experts harshly criticized systemic racism in us criminal justice system, describing current prison practices

as affront. to human dignity.