of of

of a relatively hot day in the fall of 2017, that day in the small town of zegora in southern morocco could have ended. in peace

quietly like any other day, but that day wasn't like the other days in the desert in morocco. people in the desert region had gathered from different areas for something important in zagora. at the first glance, you think that they were protesting against planting watermelon in that region and a... exporting it to other countries, i mean it was just a small protest for better working and living conditions, but after a short while 23 of the protesters who were there in small numbers were arrested in a police raid and the others quickly scattered, apparently of the protest were over, but the livelihood of

the people in that region was dependent on buying bottles of water because the water in the wells had dried up so they couldn't drink water and do agriculture. exporting watermelon to europe would further reduce the level of underground water resources in that region, so they couldn't stand to watch it. in no time, the protests became more. حنا خرجنا هاد الخدي على حساب الماء الماء للشور هاد الماء اللي عندنا في الروبينيات مالح ما فيه ما تشرب وثانيا هد الماء اللي مالح ماكاينش يكون غير لقينا هذا الماء تتبي تعمر فيدو ديال 20 نترو هاد الساعه هذه وا نص ساعه ولا ساعه ونص وانت

of many people know morocco because of casablanca. casablanca is famous for a movie with the same name. more than its arabic cafes and traditional markets. casablanca was premiered in 1942 in the heat of the second world war, but after almost 80 years since the movie was screened, tourists who frequently visit. visited morocco, still look

for rick's cafe in casablanca's old alleys. morocco is about 710,000 square kilometers located in the western sahara in north africa. rebat is the capital city and casablanca is the largest city. since its establishment in 780 b.c., morocco has seen many monarchs and rulers from the portuguese occupation of the swath. the land in the 15th century to resistance against the on occupation and becoming only country in north africa that refused to under the domination the ottoman empire. from the disintegration

the country in 1912 to its reunion in 1956. morocco is a country with mesmerizing biodiversity and the nature that experiences mostly the spring and summer and less of the fall and winter. the population of the country hit 37 million in 2020. tourism is one of the industries the country's economy relies on. it mainly focuses on the country's beaches, culture and history. in 2019, over 13 million tourists visited different parts of morocco. in 2010, the moroccan government published its 10-year vision for tourism. the vision set the target of about 20 million

tourists for 2020. if the coronavirus pandemic had not marred the plans in the world, hitting the target wouldn't be unlikely. 40% of the people in morocco are engaged in agriculture. it is the largest job creator in the country and employs the largest number of workforce. in the rainy northwestern part of the country, barley, wheat and other grains can be cultivated without watering the harvest. different kinds of citruss and vegetables are... are grown in the vast plains of morocco on the atlantic coast. moroccans have turned to deep wells to grow the products that require large amounts of water. the deep wells are dock to extract sweet water, whose reserves in the heart of the desert are running out. from 1980 to

mid-2010, morocco used over 70% of non-renewable water resources for agriculture. this. statistics showed that it will fall below the abdict drout line until the mid 2020s, but why would officials opt for products that require a lot of water while they're aware that the country is located in desert and providing water has always been a major challenge. in the beginning of the 19th century, europe had become industrialized, north africa was considered a fertile ground. for the european colonizers due to its proximity to europe and vast sources, from the early 1830s, france and spain were engaged in a conflict to demarcate their colonized areas in north africa, including in morocco. from 1904, the

uk and germany also jumped on the bandwagon, and after a longstanding about, morocco was transformed into a protectorate of france in. march 1912, the land was so fertile in those years that reminded the french of the mythical stories about the prairies in ancient rome. soon, dams were constructed, canals were made, industrial agriculture came into play to produce products that were destined for europe, the traditional method of sharing water in morocco that dated back to hundreds of years. years was done away with, but soon of the french realized that, despite high investment, the wheat produced in their colony was almost the same amount produced in france. france had to come up with new decision. they followed in the

footsteps of agriculture in california because of its success and decided to put aside cultivating grains and turn to fruits and vegetables instead. the change required harder work, larger farms and more water. large swats of land in morocco were channeled for water, and they went so far that. that not even a single drop would reach the sea from mainland morocco. after decades, although the political systems in morocco changed several times, but there was something that always remained the same. consuming non-renewable water resources for agricultural purposes, continued the same way, france had introduced. morocco continued to use its sweet water for producing watermelon for europe. and especially france, on one hand, they emphasized that farmers

should follow watering models for their farms, and on the other hand, the level of underground water kept diminishing. gradually, the water crisis rearered its head in the country, the government sough implement plans to prevent the crisis and drought, but even in those plans, the central issue was to establish costly infrastructure to all ultimately use even more water resources in morocco, they only increased the country's dependence on foreign loans. conservative moroccan governments did their best to stabilize the situation without any fundamental change in the country's economy so they wouldn't lose the european customers their agricultural products. the only thing that didn't change was the rising level of water security and drying up a underground. water resources, the consequences of the crisis that had been triggered, as many had

warned, were finally evident in people's lives, it imposed water scarcity to the areas near desert. besides the water crisis, there was another problem that deprived people of peace. the only thing people would bask in was the stability in the country, but now it was seriously at risk. stability means in a region. that's been invested with hoards of terrorists, economic crisis and political unrest, morocco was an exception, but condition to protect this stability was to continue extracting water in large volumes and keep parching the land, insisting on keeping the status quo would show out the future of the country and foreign investment in ambiguity. on the one hand, the country's stability was at risk, and on the other hand,

the government would blame the drout for everything. it wouldn't admit that its decisions were influenced by the structure and plans inherited from the colonial era. c'est une afrique qui utilisera ses ressources de manière optimal en respectant les équilibres environnementaux et sociaux. المبادرات الموجهه لازدهار واستقرار القاره الافريقيه فانه يتشرف بالتراس المشترك مع دوله السنغال الشقيقه لمبادره الاستدامه والاستقرار والامن. drought would exacerbate the water security crisis, but undoubtedly digging more weals and draining the underground water resources were not the remedy for the situation. but for the authorities in morocco, preserving the stability was more

significant than anything else, especially since most of morocco's neighboring countries were plaged by terrorism and unrest which had cast its ominous shadow in morocco's border areas. if you move across the mediterranean from morocco in north africa to the east, you will... reach syria in the northeastern part the sea. people in some of the cities in syria, like the people in zagara, are experiencing water scarcity and famin. climactic change in eastern and northeastern syria caused severe drought between 2007 and 2010. it made agriculture hard and in some cases impossible. syria's underground water

resources were drained during those years. although syria has gone through different spells of drought throughout history, rising temperatures of the earth has unprecedentedly escalated the impacts of the drought in recent years. about 70% of the cattle in the region have... purished in 2010, wheat production in syria was reduced by 18% and 3 million residents of northeastern syria are food secure and mid the famin, farmers in syria abandoned their farms a mid lack of water and left for major cities to work as construction workers and laborers in any other fields. cities like hama and homes were surrounded by densely populated slums that housed migrants from agricultural and rural

areas. william paul, a historian and an advisor to former us president john f kennedy wrote an article in atlantic in 2013 when syrian economic asylum seekers took refuge from villages to cities, they realized that they have to compete over food, water and job with other asylum seekers as well as the old residents, the farmers who used to live a prosperous life in the past, were now forced to take up jobs as vendors or sanitary workers. in this desperate situation, enemy between groups that had to fight for survival intensified, the drought and hunger in northeastern syria, pulled with tacfiry

militancy help the conflicts spread. in that situation. having a gun was as vital as food and water, the powder kick of deprivation and hatred only need a spark to set the region a huge fire. the protests gradually turned ugly and the unrest turned into armed conflicts in many. a crisis named daesh was born out of it. in 2015, four years after the crisis in syria, the national academy of sciences in the united states published a report on the issue, noting that the fertile cresent-shaped region to the east of the mediterranean experienced the worst drought in its history

before the unrest in syria in 2011. the drought. was caused by the long-term climate change in eastern mediterranean and worked as catalyst to stoke the political unrest. in fact, the drought took its toll on agriculture in the regions where daesh flicks its muscles after a while and expanded its influence. distributing bread among hungry and unemployed slumdwellers on the outskirts the cities was one of the policies by by daesh to recruit forces. those days, martin omali, a us presidential candidate claimed that the emergence of daesh was largely tied to the climate change and water crisis in syria, but republicans sprang up in his opposition. those days when no one would predict that donald trump would find his way

to the white house. in reaction to omali, he said that. "the candidates who feel like their popularity is diminishing, do everything they can to turn heads, like martin o'mali who links the emergence of daesh to climate change. even though trump won the election and did and said bizarre things in his tenure, the reality can't be withheld forever. now, besides somali, many other people know that, one of the precursors for the..." emergence of daeshh in syria was the widespread drout that affected all of the regions in the country and caused exidus of farmers to cities. actually the climate change issue started in iraq intensively in 2006 and 2007 uh when drrow and global warming affected lot, especially west part of

iraq, mainly in naino and umbar, many, many families, thousands of families, they became jobless after the drout, no agriculture, their animal died, thousands of youth, they become jobless and this was the critical point that those terrorist groups including and later on isis recruted those youth really easily, because they had other options.

بعد چند تا عکس می خواستم بگیرم دیگه از اینجا تو شدید فارسی انقدر خوب صحبت میکنیکه.

من کامران وفا هستم متولد سال ۱۳۳۹ در تهران یادم میاد کلاس سوم دبستان که بودم معلم داشتیم خانم صدیقی برامون توضیح می دادن که که هر جسمی سه خاصیت داره طول، ارتفاع و عرض و من یادم میاد راجع به این فکر می کردم چطور شده تا چیز دارن هر چیزی چرا چهار تا ندارن چرا دو تا ندارن این ۳ عدد س از کجا میاد دبیرستان الببرز رفتیم دکتر مجتهدی مدیر مدرسه بودن در اون زمان محیطی که در اون دبیرستان بود خیلی کمک کرد به کشیدن ما به یاد گرفتن اینجا امی من بعد از اینکه دبیرستان ایران تموم کردم اومدم اینجا برای ادامه تحصیلاتم برای دکترا رفتم دانشگاه پرینستتون دکترامو در رشته فیزیک و فیزیک نظری در واقع گرفتم خیلی خوشبخت شدم اونجا که با همسرم آفرین که اونم دانشجو بود در پرینستتون

آشنا شدم بعد از اینکه من دکترامو در دانشگاه پرینستتون گرفتم اومدم به دانشگاه هاروارد و از در میشه در سال 1985 میلادی و از اون موقع تا حالا مشغول تحقیق و تدریس هستم در دانشگاه هارورد. رشته من نظریه رییسمانه و نظریه. میده به مکانیک کوانتومی که راجع به اتمها و ذرات کوچیک صحبت می کنه این ارتباط دادن فیزیک در مقیاس بزرگ و فیزیک در مقیاس کوچیک ناسازگاری داشتن در غالب نظریه ریسمان اینا با هم سازگار شدن نظریه ریسمان چی میگه میگه ذرات اولیه در واقع ذره نیستن بلکه ساختارهای هستن که بعد های مختلف می تونن داشته باشن خواصی که مثلاً سیاه چال ها دارن رو توجیه می کنه یا اینکه دنیا چهجوری ممکنه به وجود اومده باشه یا آینده دنیا آیا دنیا از بین خواهد رفت یا چهجوری خواهد شد یا اینکه انرژی تاریک چیه یا ماده تاریک چیه که

ما چی هستیم از کجا اومدیم به کجا میریم از چی ساخته شدیم نیروها چیه تمام اینا در قالب این نظریه رییسمان در واقع جای می گیره و یک نوع توجیه بنیادی از قوانین پایه دنیاست در نتیجه ارتباط خیلی نزدیکی داره این فیزیک ما با ریاضیات و ما هم یک قسمت آزمایشیش احتیاج داریم بهتر فکر کنیم راجع به این نظریه که چهجوری می تونیم خواص آزمایشیشو به دست بیاریم و اینا یکی از مسائل سختی هستش که هنوز ما درگیرش هستیم و داریم سعی می کنیم روش کار کنیم با اینکه مطمئنم نمی تونم به کل درک عالم برسیم ولی حتی اگر یه کمی نزدیک تر بشیم به فهمیددن اینکه دنیا چهجوری داره قواینش برگزار میشه در واقع از فنا پذیر بودن خودمون می یک چیزی که فنا ناپذیره و اینکه کل قوانین عالمه وصل میدیم پیدا می کنیم. جایزه مسطوا که خوشبخت هستم

امسال یکی از دریافت کننده هاش هستم خیلی منطقیه که این جایزه به وجود اومده با توجه به اینکه از هر چهار نفر انسان در دنیا یک نفر مسلمون هست کمک می کنه به عرج نهاددن به جایگاه علم در جوامع اسلامی در مورد قسمت نقدی این جایزه هم تصمیم گرفتم اهدا کنم اونو برای جامعه علمی ایران و در مورد کارام و اینکه اگرستم پیشرفتی کنم مدیون چه کسی هستم باید از پدر و مادرم و فرزندانم فرزان و کیان و نیکان و همسر عزیزم آفرین که سال های سال پشتیو بودن تشکر کنیم. the us said it was going to reconstruct

afghanistan. and restore security to the country, but after two decades, wherever you look in the country, you only see death and destruction. many us officials have taken the lid off the widespread corruption under the guise of reconstruction projects, follow details in this documentary. mein name ist lena, ich bin 21, komme aus dorf brutzelten, das liegt im spessert in bayern, in der zeit habe ich erstmal dieses bewusstsein für den islam überhaupt entdeckt,

dann habe ich äh... ich bin habe auch jeden jede nacht zu gott gesprochen gesagt gott wenn du da bist menschen wissen vom islam erzählen und so und meiner begeisterung. the headline two separate bomb blast target religious gatherings in pakistan leaving dozens of people dead. the brick's group of nations plans a financial messaging system to enable member states to conduct trade and in

local currencies and also on our headlines a government shut down looms in the us is congress is yet to offer a clear plan to fund federal agencies.