and delford.

a relatively hot day the fall of 2017, that day in the small town of zagoro in southern morocco could have ended in quietly like any

other day, but that day wasn't like the other days in the desert in morocco. people in the desert region had gathered from different areas for something important in zigura. at first glance, you think that they were protesting against planting watermelon in that region and exporting it. to other countries, i mean it was just a small protest for better working and living conditions, but after a short while 23 of the protesters who were there in small numbers were arrested in a police raid and the others quickly scattered. apparently the protests were over.

but the livelihood of the people in that region was dependent on buying bottles of water because the water in the wells had dried up so they couldn't drink water and do agriculture. exporting watermen to europe would further reduce the level of underground water resources in that region so they couldn't stand to watch it. in no time the protests became more complicated. حنا خرجنا هاد الخرجه هذ على حساب الماء الماء الصالح للشرب هاد الماء اللي عندنا في الروبينيات مالح ما فيه ما تشرب وثانيا هاد الماء اللي مالح ماكاينش يكون غير لقينا هاد الماء تعمر فيدو ديال 20 نترو هاد الساعه هذه وا نص ساعه ولا of ساعه ونص وانت تتعمر في واحد الفيديو ديال

many people know morocco because of casablanca, casablanca is famous for a movie with the same name more than its arabic cafes and traditional markets. casablanca was premiered in 1942 in the heat of the second world war. but after most 80 years since the movie was screen, tourists who frequently visited morocco still look for rick's. cafe

in casablanca's old alleys. morocco is about 710,000 square kilometers located in the western sahara in north africa. rabot is the capital city and casablanca is the largest city. since its establishment in 780 b.c, has seen many monarchs and rulers from the portuguese occupation of a swath of the land in the 15th century. resistance against the otaman occupation and becoming the only country in north africa that refused to be under the domination of the ottoman empire. from the disintegration of the country in 1912 to its reunion in 1956. morocco is a

country with mesmerizing biodiversity and the nature that experience. mostly the spring and summer and less of the fall and winter. the population of the country hit 37 million in 2020. tourism is one of the industries the country's economy relies on, mainly focuses on the country's beaches, culture and history. in 2019, over 13 million tourists visited different parts of morocco. in 2010, the moroccan government published its 10-year vision for tourism. the vision set the target of about 20 million tourists for 2020. if the

coronavirus pandemic had not marred the plans in the world, hitting the target would unlikely. 40% of the people in morocco. engaged in agriculture, it is the largest job creator in the country and employs the largest number of workforce. in the rainy northwestern part of the country, barley, wheat and other grains can be cultivated without watering the harvest. different kinds of citruss and vegetables are grown in the vast plains of morocco on the atlantic coast. moroccans have turned to deep well to grow the product. that require large amounts of water. the deep wells are duck to extract sweet water whose reserves in the heart of the desert are running out. from 1980 to mid-2010, morocco used over 70% of non-renewable water resources for

agriculture. the statistics showed that it will fall below the act drout line until mid 2020s. why would official opt for products that require a lot of water while they're aware that the country is located in the desert and providing water has always been a major challenge. in the beginning of the 19th century, europe had become industrialized and north africa was considered a fertile ground for the european colonizers due to its proximity to europe and vast resources. from the early 1830s, france and spain were engaged in a conflict to demarcate their colonized areas in north africa, including in morocco, from 1904, the uk and germany also jumped on the bandwagon, and after a longstanding b, morocco was transformed into a protectorate of france in march 1912. the

land was so fertile in those years that reminded the french of the mythical stories about prairies in ancient rome. soon dams were constructed, canals were made and industrial agriculture came into play to produce products that were destined for europe. the traditional method of sharing water in morocco that dated back to hundreds of years was done away with, but soon enough the french realized that despite high investment, the wheat produced in their colony was almost the same amount. produced in france, france had to come up with new decision, they followed in the footsteps of agriculture in california because of its success, and decided to put aside cultivating grains and turn to fruits and vegetables instead. the change required harder work,

larger farms and more water. large swats of land in morocco were channeled for water, and they went so far that not even a single... group would reach the sea from mainland morocco, after decades, although the political systems in morocco changed several times, but there was something that always remain same. consuming non-renewable water resources for agricultural purposes continued the same way france had introduced. morocco continued to use its sweet water for producing watermelon for europe and especially france. on the one hand, they emphasized that farmers should follow watering models for their farms and on the other hand, the level of underground water kept diminishing. gradually... the water crisis reared its head in the country. the government sough implement plans to prevent

the crisis and drought, but even in those plans, the central issue was to establish costly infrastructure to ultimately use even more water resources in morocco. they only increased the country's dependence on foreign loans. conservative moroccan governments did their best to stabilize the situation. without any fundamental change in the country's economy so they wouldn't lose the european customers of their agricultural products. the only thing that didn't change was the rising level of water scarcity and drying up of the underground water resources. the consequences of the crisis that had been triggered, as many had warned, were finally evident in people's lives. it imposed water scarcity to the areas. near the desert. besides the water crisis, there was another

problem that deprived people of peace. the only thing people would bask in was the stability in the country, but now it was seriously at risk. stability means in a region that's been infest with hords of terrorists, economic crises, and political unrest, morocco was an exception. but the condition to protect this stility was to continue extracting water in large volumes and keep parching the land. insisting on keeping the status quo would shrout the future of the country and foreign investment in ambiguiy. on the one hand, the country's stility was at risk, and on the other hand, the government would blame the drout for everything, it wouldn't admit that. its decisions were influenced by the structure and plans inherited from the colonial era,

c'est une afrique qui utilisera ses ressources de manière optimale en respectant les équilibres environnementaux et sociaux ودعمنا من المغرب للمبادرات الموجهه لازده واستقرار القاره الافريقيه فانه يتشرف بالتراس المشترك مع دوله السنغال الشقيقه لمبادره الاستدى drought would exacerbate the water security crisis, but undoubtedly digging more whales and draining the underground water resources were not the remedy for the situation, but for the authorities in morocco, preserving the stability was more significant than anything else, especially since most of morocco's neighboring countries were plaged by terrorism. and unrest, which had cast its ominous shadow in morocco's border areas. if you move across the

mediterranean from morocco, north africa to the east, you will reach syria in the northeastern part of the sea. people in some the cities in syria, like the people in zagara, are experiencing water scarcity and family. climactic change in eastern and northeastern syria caused the severe drought between 2007 and 2010. it made agriculture hard and in some cases impossible. syria's underground water resources were drained during those years. although syria has gone through. through different spells of drought throughout history, rising temperatures of

the earth has unprecedentedly escalated the impacts of the drought in recent years. about 70% of the cattle in the region have perished in 2010, wheat production in syria was reduced by 18%, and 3 million residents of northeastern syria are food insecure amit the famin. farmers in syria abandoned their farms a mid lack of water and left for major cities to work as construction workers and laborers in any other fields. cities like hama and homes were surrounded by densely populated slums that housed migrants from agricultural and rural areas. william paul, a historian and an advisor to former us president john f kennedy, wrote an article in atlantic in 2013, when syrian economic asylum seekers

took refuge from villages to cities, they realized that they have to compete over food, water. and job with other asylum seekers as well as the old residents, the farmers who used to live a prosperous life in the past, were now forced to take up jobs as vendors or sanitary workers. in this desperate situation, enmity between groups that had to fight for survival in... intensified, the drought and hunger in northeastern syria coupled with tacfiri militancy help the conflicts spread. in that situation, having a gun was as vital as food and water. the powder kick of deprivation and hatred only

needed a spark to set the region a huge fire. the protests gradually turned ugly and the unrest turned into armed conflicts in many cities. a crisis named daesh was born out of it. in 2015, four years after the crisis in syria, the national academy of sciences in the united states published a report. on the issue noting that the fertile cresent-shaped region to the east of the mediterranean experienced the worst drought in its history before the unrest in syria in 2011. the drought was caused by the long-term climate change in eastern mediterranean and worked as catalyst to stoke the political unrest. in

fact, the drought took its toll on agriculture in the... regions where daesh flicks its muscles after a while and expanded its influence. distributing bread among hungry and unemployed slumdwellers on the outskirts of the cities was one of the policies by daesh to recruit forces. those days martin o'mali, a us presidential candidate claimed that the emergence of daesh was largely tied to the climate change and water crisis. syria, but republicans sprang up in his opposition, those days when no one would predict that donald trump would find his way to the white house, in reaction to omali, he said that the candidates who feel like their popularity is diminishing, do everything they can to turn heads, like

martin omali who links the emergence of daesh to climate change, even though... trump won the election and did and said bizarre things in his tenure, the reality can't be withheld forever. now, besides somali, many other people know that, one of the precursors for the emergence of daesh in syria was the wide-spread drout that affected all the regions in the country and caused an excedus of farmers to see. actually, the climate change issue started in iraq intensively in 2006. in 2007 uh when drout and global warming affected lot, especially west part of iraq, mainly in neino and umbar, many, many families, thousands of families, they become jobles after the drout, no agriculture, their animal died, thousands of youth, they become jobless, and this was the critical point that

those terrorist groups including alqida and later on isis recruted those youth. really easily, because they had other options. the us said it was going to construct afghanistan and restore security the country, but after two decades wherever you look in country, you only see death and destruction. many us officials have taken the lid off the widespread corruption under the guise of

reconstruction projects. follow the details in this documentary. and i was born in beirout, the most beautiful city in the world. um, i'm the 10th child, i was raised mostly by my brothers and sisters,

especially my sisters really, they believed in educating their children, my oldest brother is actually a cardiologist, he had a big influence on me, which i will, we always looked up to him, the other big influence with was my uh second brother, his name is abdul hafiz, he raised us cuz he was, he was the business of the family, he was, so and he always believed in me, in fact when i finished my studies in lebanon and and i went us, and i worked with bernie carpenter, the the giant matter who really is the father of immunobiology of transplantation, and i started working on some challenging questions and plantation, there was also another incident of a professor by america, he was a cardiologist, his name is robert hobs, i never forget, he said, if an american made a

mistake, he is learning, if you make in a mistake, you are stupid, and this advice stayed with me, this was very early in my career, i was just starting my training all my life, that i always want to. excel 1992 i became assistant professor and then i ascended the academic ranks. in 2005 i was became professor at harvard medical school and had endowed chair at the medical school. i was also the appointed the director of the transplantation research center at the brigham women's hospital and children's hospital and harvard medical school. was in 2001 i became the president of the american society of transplantation. and i came back here to serve my country and to do work in in in our region. the problem is our immune

system is designed to reject an organ if you transplant it, because it's recognized as foreign, and the challenge over many years has been how do you fool the immune system to recognize this organ as foreign and not rejected. this has been the quest for many many years including peter who won the nobel prize and with time we started looking at how does the activation of the immune system occurs and that led to development and testing and studying several new molecules and agents to try to fool the immune system so they don't reject a transplant. i believe i have maybe 19-20 patents registered. internationally of several of these pathways that we studied in order to, the main goal was to prevent the rejection of the organ transplant and make the immune system accept

this organ long term without giving people immunosuppressive medications chronically. it was a journey over 22 years. god is telling us, of course it's a great honor to be the winner of the mustafa prize for 2021. obviously i was surprised but was very happy to receive the award. it is a great recognition, would say regarded and achieving people, so it is a great honor to share this award with people of this status. on september 22, 1980, and without so much as a formal warning, saddam ordered invasion of iran from its western borders.

جنگ و جنگ تکلیفش.

your headlines for this hour, the iranian president strongly. condems a deadly blasts in pakistan, saying the terrorists behind such attacks seek to shatter muslim's unity. a palestinian prisoner is facing an imminent health risk after nearly two months of hunger strike to protest indefinite detention in israeli jails and the biggest us automobile workers union calls on 7,0 more members to join a historic strike over a contract

dispute with manufacturers.