hundreds of thousands of jobs were lost. a un investigation committee probing the israeli occupation of palestinian land has called an old world country. to take immediate measures to bring israel's violations to an end, the committee says that the israeli occupation is illegal under international law, adding that illegal actions require legal consequences. china is slumming the us as a true empire of lies following the state department reported that accuses beijing of information manipulation. the chinese foreign ministry says that the agencies of the state department that produced the report were the source of false information. heavy rains reach and habic in

the northeastern u.s. turning streets into fast moving rivers with motorists being estrainded. it's brought a grinding subway travel to a halt and new york airport as also closed one of his terminals. thousands more autoworkers have joined the strike against the us's major car manufacturers over paying. contracts, workers union says 25,000 workers are a strike in 21 states, this is the first ever joined a strike against ford, stalantis and gm automakers. russia and ukraine continue to target each other's territory, using missiles and drones. the russian defense ministry says its air defenses down nine missiles from ukraine over its belgraded region. ukraine claims that shot down 30 out of 40 drones launched by russia an overnight attack. для

авиационной индустріи - какое-то реформирование очевидно было в общем-то назрело вот, но совсем не в этом направлении. как я понимаю, вот эти вот гайдаровские реформы, они были осуществлены таким образом, что решать уравнение там с тысячами неизвестных, что это авиационная промышленность, судостроение, космические, a всякие другие отрасли. seeing that for

example, russian dependence on oil actually increased, not decreased because of the reforms, russian technological backwardness actually also increased, not decreased, so the gap between russia and west in terms of productive technologies in terms of most advanced high-tech products, actually of increased rather than decreased, schitalos, нам теперь не с кем, поэтому военная авиация, of so we lost whole branches of industry and we lost whole branches of science, whole sectors of of science and scholarship, and that is something which is much harder to fix, and the destruction of russian industry, it's all, it has nothing to do with all this, all this destruction took place in the end of the soviet.

за копейки продавались огромные предприятия промышленность была развалена. of

11 млн человек - это экстраординная смертность, это не во время войны, понимаете, это приблизительно столько же, там 12, что ли с половиной, да? потеряла одна россия и российская федерация из числа общих потерь советского союза во время второй мировой войны, но там была война с фашистами, а здесь никакой войны не было, а потери сопоставимой. most of the western world in many ways, the gap emerged, which was tremendous and that is the most and most dangerous of the 1990s. схеме россия превращалась сразу в сорьевой придаток запада, в страну третьего мира только очень большую, собственно так случилось, мы сейчас до перестройки советский союз был одной из сверхдержав. or openness

program with the west, meanwhile, the united states under president ronald reagan was preparing for the collapse of soviet union. to help or to benefit from the soviet regime's transformation into capitalist economy, the united states sent advisers government. приехали западные советники, которые сказали, единственной правильной экономической доктрина, на веки вечные, это неолиберализм. айдар не стал даже проверять. вникать, он этим не занимался, он занимался так называемой полиценом социализма, он не специалист по капитализму совсем, он просто повторял, но они же знают, они же советники, зачем ты их сюда прислали? i would neither

overestimate nor over underestimate the the influence, but they were very helpful, and how soch technically technical things. macroeconomics and foreign trade regime and social issue, social policy, trade policy and uh labor, economics, all of things which we just were not aware of and it was very helpful, do you think by the way, i'm sorry to interrupt, we had first class advisers, very strong group behind us, он был такой самом деле не один, если мы возьмём не знаю, вот того же чайса, то уже много позже тот же путин значит говорил: штатные сотрудники цру сша, но он же не видоват - говорил путин, он же не знал, что они cru. we spoke to peter yesterday, he told us uh that there were american advisers, his advisor was the now

deputy head of the imf. do you find it strange that you have these russian economists being advised by americans? oh, it was not strange, it strange was that russia uh. want to have its own plan, everybody can can give the advice, but you must have your own plan and to debate it and try to convince those advisers that you are right and they are wrong, but they didn't do that. economic policies of yelson period were extremely beneficial for the west, for the transnational corporations, for the imf and so on, the quantity of resources which moved. from russia, not just russia, from the rest the soviet union to the west, it was enormous. billions of assets were transferred out of the country and western banks and money men benefited to the buying of share new companies. it was not just money which was safoned out of the country, but it was

knowledge, it was technology, these were physical resources, including metal, oil and so on, all was that was sold at very low prices. and more these were people because russia started massively losing jobs for specialists, technicians, scientists and so, all these people had to move to the west, and now you know in the united states, so there are so-called russian laboratories in many universities, they're all picked by russian specialist immigrated in the 90s, the inf and world bank helped for yelson's hand through the threat of loans, the soviet economy backed by the disaster of the initial. reforms within such a dire state, the country needed cash. the imf and world bank with the only parties in position to help. the advise the american advisers was supported by the loans from the imf, so for yilton to make choices was a difficult choice between the

real plan and the loans and he made his choice because he was afraid of the consequences. 1996, yelson is up for... the election, the economy is still contracting and many workers haven't been paid in months, his popularity is at an old time low, at the beginning of the campaign he is pulling in fifth place on 8%, leading and expecting to win is the communist gennardi zyuganov. this would be a disaster for the oligarchs, so they got together and made sure one of their own, anatolios, was set to run yeltson's campaign. the oligarchs raised huge sums of money, even more was made available by the west in order to pay off disgruntled unpaid workers. a relentless propaganda campaign against zuganov was weiged. in turn, the communist party couldn't compete finance.

причём там были удивительные вещи, например, в северной осетии и в дагестане у нас на первом туре 85, там 87% населения проголосовало за зюганова, а во втором 85-87% населения за ельца, ну так не бывает, это это больша, это большая тайна, да, но тот факт, что это...

few had a clear window into the workings of power than kozakov. in his book, he detailed how yeltson had a little respect for democracy, and at one point wanted to cancel the election all together. but an even more pressing matter for kozakov was health. в 1 февраля девяностого года, когда ему... исполнилось 65 лет, закончил свою жизнь как президент, на второй день 2 февраля, я приехал за ним, чтобы вывести его на работу, я его не узнал, человек постарел на 20 лет, он запрограммировал себя до 65, поэтому нельзя было избираться второй срок. когда была первая половина. его срок срок семья

президента безопасности полностью взяла в свои руки. but increasingly he became embarrassing not just to himself, but to the entire russian.

in his apartment on the outskirts of moscow, we met euginy ivanov, he used to work in a military equipment, возниклосальное количество групп разных, я не говорю, так сказать, профессионалах, а говорю, что так сказать, просто мелкие уголовники, которые так сказать, просто были с этим связаны, понятно, они создали небольшие группировки, часто вооружённые, вот которые как бы являли дело крышу, как тогда возникала крыша, то есть они приходили, вот мы там это всё было все вот как бы то, что люди, бизнесом, все были поделены, я понимал, что с ними нельзя связываться и не хотел, но человек, с которым я начал строительный бизнес, были долги. 1990s, so it did through the rest of society, as living standards dropped, law and order

broke out, crime rose 27%, theft and burglary was common, and there was a rapid growth in violent crime, including homicides. это был стихийный процесс, в котором было мало, мало интеллектуал, то есть это просто ситуация, которая возникла от стихи она была не управляем бандитской ситуацией. была неуправляемой, и так сказать, просто люди, которые туда попадали, они просто рвали куски на части, пользуясь временем, вот было такое время, профессионалов там как правило не было, то есть... профессионалы были на неком высоком уровне, где так сказать, был большой бизнес, а здесь вот это была суета, стреляли от это самое, от недоумения. те люди, с которыми я связался волею судьбы, они вдруг,

они решили, что бизнес уже большой они могут его забрать. значит они его могут забрать и благодаря тому же человеку с которым я связался они так сказать как бы передвинули ему мне была создана угроза так сказать жизни семьи и я сказал ребят я всё отдаю ухожу но если у меня будут проблемы связана так сказать с семьёй то у вас такие же будут проблемы потому что у меня было достаточно денег чтобы тоже так сказать. он он и был и есть потом я ему после этого всего я ещё помогал ему жить после того как его выбросили. вот он не предателем оказался гораздо хуже, вот и он стал владельцем компании, а потом сейчас какое-то время стал

один из этих так называемых бандитов. я их называю так называем, потому что ну это не бандиты. he is billionaire and you are not, that's very very serious feeling anti, you don't like the guy, because you are not prepared to blame yourself, you blame him that he he made money, that's very natural, do you think that lot of people, and то есть я понимаю человек, который вставал, пахал, ездил в китае, зарабатывал, поднимался, вкладывал деньги, что тел, реально производил, как мой знакомый, который занимается 10 лет сельским хозяйством, куваркает фильном говне, пытается что-то сделать, но что-то пытается, а когда ты там оторвал кусочек уралда, перепродал его выгодно на деньги там зажигаешь, in the 90's

a massive missed opportunity for for russia economically? you can never say it was a missed opportunity because somebody used this opportunity incredibly, the oligarchs, the bureaucracy, some of the intellectual elite, for them it was a tremendous opportunity which they did use, which they did benefit from, for the majority of the country, it was disaster, could you have done it in a better way, in a more fair way? everything, everything could be done in a better way, basically, but again, is not a czech republic, that's a very different country mentally, if you are looking at some eastern european countries, of course there were different scenarios in different countries, all of them more or less moved towards capitalism, by the same time most of them managed to avoid that kind of terrible collapse in living standards, at least some them like slovenia did, for example, the czech republic did, they really managed to

find ways which were not so destructive in in social terms. the czech republic, formerly part of the soviet block, unlike the russian government, successfully managed to include its own citizens in the privatization process by the distribution of vouuchers. these vouchers allowed checks to buy shares in the new companies, leading to fair distribution of wealth, a wealth that on the whole the russian people missed out on. is there anything that that that you did wrong? well, yep. it's impossible, manything could uh be done better, but frankly, but frankly, i don't know what could have been done better, i do know how things could go much worse, there is a standard excuse which all

politicians uh kind of like to use, which is if we didn't do that, it would come been even worse. so but first of all it's a hypothetical uh statement, it could have been worse, but maybe it have been better, uh, there is no proof, no evidence you can give, back at the boris yeltson museum, a campaign is now underway to reinvent russian history, attempt to convince new generation, yeltson was one of the great russian leaders. who are these people here? uh, they are donos. uh, they made a different donations, there are more than 60 of names and famous russian companies, which are involved in building uh and creating these presidential center and the museum especially and we are grateful for all of them. if you taking if you're taking the museum of yelson and this whole um

paganda around it, it only shows how much today's russian elite is disconnect from the rest of the population from the rest of the people, because yes, the elite now, it is not shy to say openly that they benefited from yelson. lot of the people we spoken to in russia, they they they don't. like yelson, somebody they hate yelson, he's very, very unpopular, you said he's a great man, i think, why do you think the disparity between, you think he's a great man, and majority russians think he isn't, well because i have all, i have economic education, maybe because of that i see figures and maybe i have more objective than these people, presenting yelson as a great man is also part of attempt of the new liberal segments of the elite to encourage themselves to repeat what was already done. so to do it for the second time, so then you need some kind of example, you have to follow somebody's pass and a good example in that sense, this is anatoly kirilov, one of the

men responsible for raising the funds for the museum, he took us a drive aroundberg, home city, so so why is such a great man? ситуацию, которая сложилась в стране, что сама страна подошла к переменам, и нужен был лидер, вот он стал тем лидером, который вот услышал, эту необходимость. вы говорите, что всё не должно быть чёрно-белым, но в ельцен центре том же, довольно односторонне, скажем, не очень критиически, правление господина ельсона

непонятно, куда бы всё завернулось, потому что человек он был не просто как бы там, ну был непредсказуемый, реально человек непредсказуемый, то есть, то есть он развитие страны... still haven't learned any less absolutely, absolutely right, this is one of the problem of today's russia, the people don't want to understand that they simply created post soviet criminal system in a uh direct and very wide sense. я ухожу, я сделал всё, что мог, не на смену приходит новое

поколение, поколение тех, кто может сделать больше, current president, vladimir putin, formerly a kgb agent, he entered politics, rising quickly in yelson's administration. in december, 1999, as yeltson stood down, he appointed putin as acting president. well, putin, on the one hand is the continuation of yelson, on the other hand, definitely putin's policy was to try to correct the excesses of the 90s, and that was seen by the people as a very... necessary and important thing to do. six months into his leadership, putin won his first election and currently remains deeply popular with the majority of russian people.

this can largely be explained in relation to the years that preceded him and in his differences to jeltsen, seen as a strong and sober leader who in part took on the power of the hated oligarchs, putin is seem to have given russians pride again in their country after the embarrassments of the yeltson years. he has also been helped by a stabilizing economy and historically high oil prices. the story of russia in the 1990s has often been overlooked by history, far less interesting than times of war or revolution, but it should not be forgotten, as it is not only the story of the creation of the modern russia, but also a warning to countries to plan great economic changes in the future, a warning that reforms done badly can have desaster.

but beyond the rubble and a half destroyed house, life still continues, with all of its beauty, zest and hope.