in the moscow metro bombings. decades after the vietnam war victims of agent orange renewed calls for the u.s. government would normally toxic legacy it comes after new hearings are held in the house of representatives about the impact of the deadly chemical weapons. and the new bollywood comedy featuring a summer bin laden look alikes being banned in pakistan senses a worry d. indian films coming out of the world's most wanted man could terrorist attacks. what use for marty in thirty minutes time but before that we investigate the use of car bombs in international terrorist attacks it's coming up in our special report next. my name is bob baer. i used to be a cia station in the during the civil war. it was chaos. but the real threat was always car bombs.

but. the car bomb secret history has never been told. who invented it. and who killed. i've come back to the one city where car bombs have forever shaped our history. beirut. i loved. it was a great place to be a spy. and then the embassy got hit. by a suicide car bomber. sixty three dead dead american dead. six of my close colleagues friends in the cia were killed. carsten saw the bomb go off. this.

star. and then of course the bank and then when i looked up. and i run over. and destruction and. it was a stunning assault. one man with a car could wage war on the united states ironically with an american truck. there is one man who knows a lot about lebanese car bombs. mahmoud. a top expert who defused does. palestinian. in the long drawn out. then i was the only expert who was dismantling.

his adversaries decided. to me. it was activated. and as soon as i touch the. two thousand and five former lebanese prime minister. presidential cavalcade was destroyed. on. camera captured. this white truck. in the traffic. the bomb went off.

re was one of the world's richest man. his mercedes was armor to the hilt. the best protection level there is. truly the root is the heart of the modern car. and were developed on the streets. crossing the border into. and it was only a matter of time before a car bomb started on. a. car bombing might have become a lebanese national custom but the lebanese never created the car bomb.

like a lot of other things in the twentieth century car bombs are an american invention . by the one nine hundred twenty s. new york had become the financial center of world capitalism. but then in september one thousand twenty wall street was rocked by a massive explosion. it was the world's first car bomb. where we're walking right now is exactly where if you've been standing here on september sixteenth one thousand nine hundred twenty you would have been hit by the bomb over here what was then the u.s. sub-treasury. and of course the stock exchange with the big flags on it there same buildings that would have been here most famously the morgan bank. and that really was and in some ways still is just the epicenter of american capitalism

and government tell me what happened here at about twelve zero one away or strong way again exploded into the lunchtime crowd. they killed about forty people in the street and injured hundreds of people it was fairly sophisticated i mean whoever built this thing. knew what they're doing they knew what they were doing and of course the question immediately became who was that person or who were those people and the best theory is that it was a man named mario buda who was an italian an artist who was a lone operator and he was even within this circle. militant anarchists very committed revolutionaries he was the committed of the committed what did they want though i mean it was there anything that give us an idea what these guys wanted there was a flyer found in a mailbox nearby blocks up that way that said free the political prisoners or it

will be death to all of you and it was signed the american an artist fighters the political prisoners were two italian anarchistic sacco and vanzetti who had been arrested and later executed by the federal government after an abortive bank robbery. it was a notorious case critics claimed it was a show trial. was a close associate of both men. so the idea was that this had been somehow a blow against capitalism the idea of wall street the idea of banks a big moment of labor warfare a revolution you just have revolution so that whole system of capitalism government put together was what they were striking a blow at this was the first car bomb and it was the first car on no course it's not a car in the sense but it was a leg of this invented right here wall street. what happened to buddha buddha actually fled the united states he went back to italy but he never came back to the

states as far as anyone knows. the wall street explosion was not just the first car bomb it was a terrorist blueprint. and the car bomb would next appear in the middle east in palestine in the violent struggle over the founding of the state of israel. in the one nine hundred forty s. palestine was under british rule. the majority arab population were opposed to a jewish state. the same time extremists jewish factions like the stern gang waged a terrorist campaign. against those who. as enemies of the future jewish state. arabs and british troops. organisation. freedom fighters of israel were determined to drive arabs out by

terror. as their rightful jewish homeland. who started the first car bombing here. whose decision was that. it was they had. left he were opposed to any deal with the arabs by the mainstream jewish leadership led by david ben-gurion. and planning car bombs was a short cut to provoking all out war. on january the fourth one nine hundred forty eight he struck. their target was the sariah building in the heart of java a densely populated arab district. this guys is arabs a lot he bomb team drove a truck packed with two hundred pounds of explosives and park close to the building

. the electric timer was set for eighty seconds to let the bombers get away. the explosion killed twenty eight including innocent passers by and injured hundreds. less he did not have a monopoly on planning car bombs. the palestinians made plans to strike back using their own bomb maker. trained by the nazis during world war two. sister. was close to him. she has never spoken about her brother before. she came to what sort of training did he get in germany it was called commando command. and she had not seen a. device's communications and all types of explosives.

six weeks after soraya thousand targeted a jewish stronghold ben yehuda street in the heart of jerusalem essentially and he take bin yehuda street well seen charge of the operation he was in charge he planned bombs at the beginning the middle and the end of the street. but you roussillon in one nine hundred forty eight was an armed camp. jewish areas protected by checkpoints and rifle bearing guards. the only way through was to disguise the bomb vehicles as a british military convoy. and the men driving those trucks were six british army deserters. we should tell me about the two british designer so you were. nude who is the ones that work the. system at. the steamy gun and they were not just to that there was

a big in the british soldiers who were working with him and. they were against the british policy to keep the city lights you know people from their land and their place then with other people i didn't makan who is thousand used to plan missions with them and they used to carry it out see that homemade next to. parking the truck bombs close to two hotels being used as barracks by jewish fighters the desert or shot a security guard. and then fled. i don't you know that's a it's a fuse explosion. they can. get up get out because it's going to be a scale that we wanted to just still case we went to for the last. the three thousand pound bombs tore through the surrounding buildings killing sixty. hina was not just an eyewitness she was also allegedly a member and taken part in bombing operations let me ask you this question did the

truck bomb make do with the resistance. why it made you angry or sure make me angry but why should i leave when people put. you to the civilians being killed down to war against those who. took you know you just. left he were the first terrorist group in the world to use car bombs but they would not be the last. verse the jews in the arabs. the world's first car bomb or. left. they planted four. and fallacies planted four hundred twenty people die. the car bombing only stopped in may one thousand nine hundred eight when war broke

out and the checkpoints became frontlines. a new terror weapon cheap and convenient had been born. but palestine in one nine hundred forty eight did produce one further novelty. the car bomb as a key assassination weapon when i tried to blow up the jewish political leadership . what happened in this building here. it was the government of the jews and. in the second flow he was the chum bills of. the state officer that he can go to ups one day. and say believe that if they would kill him jews may not establish their state to special east of the arabs. explosion and the car. was exploded. how many people were killed when seven people.

would have happened. if ben-gurion had been this office the fame been going on with the. jews wouldn't establish a state because he was only a prime minister the only leader but he was is you can say george washington george washington of the united states. sassing aiding your enemy supreme leader is nothing new think of president abraham lincoln what was new was the car bomb. parked in the right place packed with enough explosives you can target any man on earth. kings and presidents have to drive the roads just like the rest of us and the moment you do your vulnerable. car bombs are so easy you can

use them purely for business if your business is controlling the world's heroin supply. in the early sixty's the sicilian mafia discovered a new way to make rival mafiosa disappear by booby trapping their cars and blowing them to pieces. in sicily the power of the mafia is as old as the statute. five million people live here. but hidden amongst them is an estimated seven thousand mafia members. yet the power of the cosa nostra is felt everywhere from the highest political office right down to the smallest market stall. this market is the body of here. so we how do you know the mafia this year. because. the two loss to the finish because

you'll. see. things started to change in one nine hundred fifty seven when the sicilian american mafia met in this lavish palermo hotel organize the world's heroin trade. but business did not run smooth. in one nine hundred sixty three the first mafia war broke out between two clans the greco those and the barbera. giovanni is an anti mafia campaign but he is also the net. feel the key mafia boss cesare month. to month hello was an ally of the greco. and the first mafioso to be assassinated with a car bomb. was blocking these drive and you needed to

go beyond it to enter into that. the car was exactly the same type to a friend because he thought he was his friend. so it got into the new turn the key and the explosion happened. why did they not when they killed your uncle use a pistol instead of a car bomb in my uncle's murder was the first mafia and their first act of terrorism. by killing my uncle in this way they wanted to emphasize their revenge. the mafia stopped using car bombs for seventeen years until a new more ruthless generation of mafia leaders took over and used car bombs to assassinate judges and magistrates. every judge they blew up turned the heat on more arrests trials. but unlike the

mafia the next car bombers wanted the blast of their homemade bomb to reverberate all the way to the white house. it was do it yourself terrorism ventral trail of destruction would spanned the globe from ireland oklahoma and the middle east. the car bomb was about to become the perfect lethal weapon. in the late sixty's students at the university of wisconsin in the midwest were in revolt. there were daily demonstrations protests.

alan thompson was an f.b.i. special agent assigned to the state capitol madison. but what was it like in one thousand seven hundred what was the student's life what was happening here well the students were. really involved with the the vietnam war there was demonstrations going on and some of them were very violent there was a lot of tear gas lot of broken windows what was the demand the key demand was to get out of vietnam. but it tiny splinter group of students saw themselves as already at war with the nixon administration. and the nearest target was close at hand the campus army math research center. a research lab funded by the pentagon and housed in the department of physics. at

three forty two am on the twenty fourth of august nine hundred seventy an explosion destroyed the army math center. hundreds of f.b.i. agents from all over the united states were sent to wisconsin this was of extreme interest to the white house was that this yellow explosion absolutely it went all the way to the director's desk there was daily contact with the the oval office as to what was happening out here and why it happened and we had to come up with some answers real fast that's what was what was going on so anyone killed yes a young physicist by the name of robert foster not was killed in the initial blast . the f.b.i. team immediately focused their investigation on a car spotted fleeing from the scene at high speed. the bombers were led by a twenty two year old college dropout are all armstrong. this is the

route you came up from the y.m.c.a. armstrong agreed for the first time to return to the building and tie. about the night he's bombed wisconsin. where did the idea come from for a car bomb my brother why were like basically you know we were considering ways to our math research center them my brother going snows oh why don't we just fill up a truck full of explosives into sudden off the side of the building and my immediate reaction was that's crazy the armstrong brothers stumbled upon the ultimate terrorist weapon of the twentieth century. but there was another deadly twist they bought the base materials for their explosives in the local hardware store. first while we bought the materials from a farmer's co-op ammonium nitrate and fuel oil and then we transported it to our

site which was a farmer's field and that basically we just put you know the ammonium nitrate and you know except by hand own only just poured it into the barrel. and you get the idea we didn't have the internet. so basically the formula that's in the encyclopedia britannica under was. also how much of the whole thing cost you . two hundred dollars for. carl and his three fellow student bombers then stole a van and mixed the explosives together. they drove to the university. inside the van was a ton and a half of explosives. well i am. ashamed that you know robert bosnak died people were injured. but i have no regrets

for my motivations for doing it and doing the right it was a message and we were trying to send it on to a government. after the bombing armstrong fled to canada and was a fugitive for two years. but was then extradited back to wisconsin. his trial was a cause celebre for many in the end i wore a movement. he served ten years in prison. sad part about it is that the the research that they claim of the army math research center was doing was not research for the army at all so in other words this is an act of protest the turn an act of murder absolutely absolutely out of pretty much counterproductive here in madison and probably throughout the united states you know the significance of this is you can take a group of amateurs. with almost no money would like one hundred dollars stolen car

fertilizer. so it was in a sense it was a turning point perhaps only basically a hundred dollars you can shake a country exactly. the question was the same i understand i'm interested always will most of the good be looked but it isn't the mark will he's back to tell castro's appearance on cuban television for years again puts into focus on the. mind. would be so much brighter if you only bounce from fans to pressure these. stunts on t.v.

dot com. spy. yes.

she's available in hotels. toto keep a promise it is congress' photo twist. into. slovyansk on. historical hotels of a culture in the city. most. men do as a good up until the strength for us to become a. french police charged three people later alleged involvement with the group behind the lofts on the moscow metro more not with me in just a moment. but also this hour a decade's off the vietnam war victims of the deadly chemical agent orange have renewed calls for the u.s. government to ignore me.