is on. top stories now the international court of justice in the hague rules because it was declaration of independence from serbia it was legal sparking fears a dangerous precedent is being sent over the ruling is non-binding christine of the same sovereignty in february two thousand and eight denounced by russia. and israel an arab man has been jailed for eighteen months for so-called break by deception he persuaded the women to have sex with him by pretending to be jewish. and the ruling against an alleged gang in moscow has been put off while for the suspects go through psychiatric assessment they're accused of a series of racial hate crimes including murder and found guilty face life behind bars. and i'll be back to bring you up to date in about half an hour with the latest news developments in the meantime we discover how men conquered the cosmos the story the architects of the american and russian space programs that's next on r.t. . that was in the sixteenth century. once

there lived a chinese nobleman by the name of one who is most cherished ambition was to go to the moon using the resources available seven powder kegs to a bamboo then he put on his best clothes and ignited the barrels. when the smoke cleared after the explosion there was neither a trace of nor of who. history is rich with ill fated attempts to get into space but in the twentieth century to remarkable men did come to the skies but this time around they used rocket engines rather than exploding armchairs to propel them into. their names then. they were the architects of the american and russian space programs the two great eternal rivals in the battle to reach out to space. and make their first attempts to reach for the stars in their childhood as

a boy in the soviet union so gay designed simple gliders but as time went by he came up with a more sophisticated rocket propelled craft as for venice at the age of twelve he created a prototype rocket by equipping a crate with fireworks he also. built a wagon that he launched in his hometown and apparently this wagon that he had had mounted rockets he had made on it and it knighted that ran down the main street of his hometown and. who was von braun's long time private secretary says venet attracted police attention many times for firing things into the air nowadays buckbee often takes people on a tour of the space museum in huntsville where each exhibit is related to von braun . but the best storyteller of. exploits is his only daughter natalia she wrote about him in three volumes of memoirs simply titled my father. with this

this is a picture of the first soviet rocket it was launched on august seventeenth one thousand nine hundred thirty three though it spent only eight hundred seconds in the air in the quiet altitude of four hundred meters it was a spectacular success a good. moscow in the one nine hundred thirty s. was a time of daring ambition and breathtaking endeavor it's one group of young scientists infusing as a model they have to try and turn fantasy into reality they were so desperately short of money that they had to hire a tram to take this second rocket to its launch pad. was the driving force behind the team researching propulsion they kept saying to each other we will go to mars yes we will. rested for high treason in nineteen thirty eight but for many years he didn't know why he protested his innocence despite brutal questioning and only broke down when interrogators showed him

a picture of his daughter saying she'd be orphaned if he didn't confess he got ten years in prison at the height of stalin's purges. i was five years old when my mother and i went to see him i did not know he had been arrested i had been told that he was away because he was the pilot when we entered small room a warden came in through another door. i said papa how could you possibly lend your airplane in that small courtyard at that moment the warden chipped in you know dear landing here is no problem but getting out of here is very difficult. after his prison term was moved to russia's remote east where inmates were forced to mine for gold. mates died every day. dropped to just forty five kilos during his time that he lost more than half his teeth due to scale but he survived because stalin needed rocket scientists for the soviet union's meteors shield. was released six years

later he told his daughter wife. mother about his life in the camp only once he asked them not to bring the subject up again and to steer clear of gold ornaments. served his term in a good light then a von braun was in nazi germany rising through the ranks on the s.s. command he started work on a secret project after i had ordered his scientists to create a weapon capable of hitting distant targets. up to several setbacks the infamous v. two rocket was created it was the world's first ballistic missile ready to fire.

and this is an old house in a small provincial town in central germany it's a place of simple beauty and quiet gentle life. the town also has a special museum the wagon outside the entrance is like those used to bring thousands of people to this tranquil place in one nine hundred forty three to a notorious concentration camp and most of the exhibits though are underground. the v. two was made here at this secret some to re-implement its workman with inmates from the metal back door and made the camp which was a part of involved now we are entering the original tunnel a it's a huge tunnel as you can see with about twelve mistress.

in this model you can see two. crossed. a and b. and forty six cross tunnels built by concentration camp prisoners in the last years of the war if you look don here you can see an original and which was moved from the behind here to show it to visitors. the prisoners spent half a year on the ground without seeing so much as a sliver of daylight at the time they didn't know the purpose of the tunnels but they later realized that they had been putting together a monstrous weapon designed to destroy their homes countries and loved ones they had to sleep in bets with thought any equipment only on a wooden nothing. the senate terry conditions were catastrophic

people died after just two or three months of intolerable work the dead were replaced with a new inmate. soviet people made up one third of the door of prison population. nervy to me once were unique weapons because these were the only weapons where more people died building them then people died by using these weapons. half of the six thousand rockets made to the underground plants during the eighteen months of his existence were faulty the inmates did all they could to make sure the weapons remained on the ground they breached production ruse and to use defective components. thirty five thousand inmates died during the plant's lifetime . cost six human lives. without doubt venom von braun paid several visits to the facility when he went down into the tunnels he saw

hundreds of dead inmates but apparently. did not seem fazed much later his face appeared on the cover of time magazine he shook hands with president kennedy and was awarded medals his impassioned glorification of american democracy came much later too but in may nine hundred forty five the s.s. major was faced with a choice. did have a choice so. he was reflecting with his colleagues what to do after the german defeat and in forty four they decided most of them decided to go with the americans. surprisingly the americans welcomed their former enemies despite the fact that a new conflict was on the horizon the cold war. who flew with russians their first job was to learn how to fly an airplane to go bomb

russia the american people looked at these these people the local people anyway as being able to assist us in developing a new system for defense of the country the americans won the space race but did we win the space race when you look at the fathers of space in the last century you have one of what was germany and then you look at the russians have. he had spent time in the gulag. some of his first designs that he did on aviation where we're from the gulag. was eventually released from prison and was no longer an enemy of the soviet people in fact he became his country's protect and made chief designer of a ballistic missile called item number one. even lost his identity and was now a top secret somebody working on a top secret. get a mind when they went to germany they started to study german. technology.

was first so long an able to perform his job ended up diving deeper into the work he loved so much. made a faithful replica of the feet on stalin's orders although it was successfully launched realized that the rocket was not good enough he was sure he could make an even better one and he did it was called the king. of. the soviet union and the united states with a neck and neck in the construction of long range missiles but that changed in one nine hundred fifty seven in the midst of the cold. case became the space race. on the morning of october fifth hundred years in the united states began picking up

signals from space a couple of hours later president eisenhower was told about the russian. satellite he cut short his vacation stock exchange shares took the shop down to exactly the russians have launched into space was totally unclear we couldn't even figure out what sputnik meant we kept referring to it as a bomb we were trying to write a headline right soviet union put a bomb in space they said oh no don't call it a bomb though we realized it was a scientific satellite. the world sputnik was soon to become familiar in the english language large numbers of people stayed away from work to try and hear the peeping sound from the satellite they gathered on rooftops in the hope of seeing a little spot of manmade light blinking up in the sky all they did was take this small extra payload on top of a long range ballistic missile and sent him into orbit and then someone had the idea to do the beat beat so you would hear it and that transformed the world as we

know. women's hair styles changed for example had to strike this came into fashion and. only a handful of people at the sputnik being designed by sergei cut you off his name did not appear anywhere it was soviet leader nikita khrushchev the one. if you wish our spotlight is certainly the earth and the waiting for american and other spot makes to show up side by side with it before commonwealth of sputnik's. i. won bronze attempt to launch the first u.s. satellite ended in the vanguard exploded. when you. called my father to tell them that he should launch another sputnik with in time for the anniversary of the one nine hundred seventeen october revolution

which was close at hand but people had gone on vacation and had to be summoned back . khrushchev wanted something more than just another sputnik he wanted something entirely new. given less than a month to invent one there were neither blueprints no quality control the whole enterprise depended on trust throughout his career it was always looking for people willing to forgo food and sleep and work through the night most of the chefs is a psychologist from russian space research center star city he used to work under. oil he was a great man it was enough for him to look at you and you got a wealth of information we even though he was great with his subordinates he had a very delicate soul. it was a four legged cosmonaut that was the first living creature to head towards the stars a dog called lika when she was launched into space there were tears in her size

time magazine called. the world's most lonely and miserable dog was true it was a one way ticket for like it a monument was unveiled in moscow to mark the fiftieth anniversary of her space mission twitter feed it but there is this monument to commemorate the dogs greatest predictor people bring treats you know what would look someone has even brought a candy here for the. show some even bring sausages for the. group. at that time it was impossible to retrieve a sputnik from movies people around the world accuse the soviet union of animal cruelty but like his sacrifice was of undoubted benefit to science scientists were unsure whether the biological functions could work in zero gravity i mean there are so many things we take for granted today but with the heart pump and zero gravity would blood flow and zero gravity would your mind you know be alert in zero gravity meanwhile the americans too would launching animals into the stratosphere notably

monkeys they were put on the anesthetic but they also died in their missions. but eventually there was a happy ending with two dogs called delta and that both were well behaved. just to stay became fitness even so one day flight was problem free and they became the first creatures ever to safely return from orbit. mongrels one instant fame and honest something the pedigree could ever dream of soon after returning to earth gave birth to six healthy pups nikita khrushchev gave one of them to president kennedy's daughter caroline it was a constant reminder to us leader of the soviet space program had defeated him in the first round of the space race.

every month we give you the future we help you understand how to get there and want to bring the best in science and technology from across russia and around the world join us acknowledging update on our jeep in india is available in the movie joint the hotels. the gateway hoto the grand imperial truly the top western coast coromandel you can. see don't need to go and. register the colonel was hotel treat. his snow white smile conquered millions of hops he was a welcome guest around the world and the epitome of mankind's dreams. regarding the first man in space.

was among those who wanted to take part in the national celebration. but his car was bought from the red square. nobody recognized. the music from and when the nobel committee asked to disclose the name of the chief designer who made it possible for the first sputnik and forgotten to go into space who showed said the entire nation created the advanced technology. never complained about the fact that his health has been affected by the prison camp all the public could not associate him with the space program he had no time for that he was busy turning his dreams into reality. loved yuri gagarin as though he were his own son. guarding complemented each other as personalities they were competent all with each other sometimes they didn't even need to talk the for. first u.s.

astronauts alan shepard went into space a month after. only fifteen minutes there. was clearly losing the race. coming in second. it was pretty well i think disgusted with the system the government system that we were operating under not realizing that the russians were really technology smart. very much. television and even helped disney space travel so the american public was the first salesman. if we were to stop what they organize and will support that space. i believe a practical passenger rocket could be built and tested within. the

press also joined in on the space race italian and american newspapers claimed that eleven cosmonauts went into space before did and never returned. they were known as the so-called missing cosmonauts. even gave their names to lend credibility to the stories. i was married to one of the names of. her. chestnut tree it was a form of relaxation. was a tester he often told her about how he had spent six months in a camp into the ocean he was compelled to live high in the mountains where there was a severe shortage of oxygen and he went through trying. in

a fast spinning centrifuge then they were asked to press a button even the speed was too much for them but they never did because they had an overpowering desire to serve their country in space exploration chose to ignore this train so that they would be allowed to go into space. needless to say. he was stunned by a newspaper report claiming he was dead. he immediately called his mother to tell her he was ok then he at the other supposedly missing cosmonauts wrote an article for a soviet newspaper headlined the gadhafi says gentleman. so you were awarded the i saw it as something of a joke they even liked it because they meant somebody knew them and had put them on the map so to speak as a. husband died in two thousand and two but it had nothing to do with any fabricated space experiment. there was

a time when they. wanted to be a cosmos a special kind of cosmonaut soon after garden space flight. of announced he was going to draw on engineers at his enterprise to put together a group of cosmonauts their job would be to assemble three parts of a giant ship one obeys the spacecraft would then head to miles from there it was a great dream if von braun's ambition of the time didn't extend beyond reaching the moon. the lunar race was an invention in reality there was no lunar rate's. shows off his secret notebook it contains drafts and other details relating to the mars project. i put there would sergei had sold me and launch to mars was scheduled for early one nine hundred seventy four. if his notes are anything to go by so i did not start on a new project until one thousand nine hundred sixty four but von braun had been working on it for three years following president kennedy's announcements of.

as his priority objective. for. script. if we fail. then at least we could fly around it. that might be nice and. don't give the moon away to the americans. much time wasted. the american flag on the surface. i really believe that. the us to the moon. in our day and we did that in the sixty's and i think it was

because there was serious competition between the two countries. didn't get to see strong take the first step. sixty six. and his identity was finally. triggering a way. even though. my father like to say that people can travel into space issued by train he was

absolutely sure that outer space was. not empty and people must live and work there he said. the north could hardly have been magine seeing americans and russians in space together the fund did in one hundred seventy five the so use apollo project to put an end to the space race. i'm approaching so use. less than five meters. three meters. contact. near bush. i like chocolates most of all like these trickle up there are a lot of chocolates a location. cosmonaut valeri could bounce off was part of the soyuz apollo project

and often visits this museum he remembers every minute of his mission the food what they talked about and how they welcomed the apollo crew moves their lists aboard which is a good suit vapor labels from ball tolls off bald guy with us. and when we were up there i randomly pasted them on a couple of cubes and one of them turned out to be filled with borsch and the other with some kind of a tomato paste will were there and it went american astronauts safford and dicks laden said salad on the table. i show them that you and you know yeah good idea they said. today new cosmonauts a set to go into space one by one of the countries to creating their space programs india and japan. china has already launched its own cosmonauts into space even wealthy tourists pay for a trip to the stasi this filling current yobs prophesy. maybe one day

the time may come when space flights will be routine excursions curious travelers might take pictures of themselves against the backdrop of the next smooth volcano make enough to venice on or in front of the crater this again coming off. fifty. five.

quick. international court of justice in the hague rules supposed to clear ration of independence from serbia was illegal sparking fears a dangerous precedent is being said.