court of justice in the hague of rules that declaration of independence from serbia two thousand they did not break international law the judgment is likely to spark concern among contraries with separatist movements that a dangerous precedent has been set. and if or a victim of racism is really a finds himself behind bars after having consensual sex with a jewish woman she complained to police afterward saying tricked her into believing he was also injured. and a ruling against an alleged neo nazi gag bosco has been put off while four of the suspects go through psychiatric tests they are accused of racially motivated murders and if found guilty and face life behind bars. i'll be back to bring you up to date in half an hour but first we discover how men called her the cost

most the story of the architects of the russian and american space programs that's next. that was in the sixteenth century. once there lived a chinese nobleman by the name of one who is most cherished ambition was to go to the moon using the resources available seven powder kegs to a bamboo then he put on his best clothes and ignited the barrels. when the smoke cleared after the explosion there was neither a trace of nor of who. human history is rich with ill fated attempts to get into space but in the twentieth century to remarkable men did conquer the skies but this time around they used rocket engines rather than exploding on chairs to propel them into. their names then. they were the architects of the american and russian space programs the two great eternal rivals

in the battle to reach out to space. and make their first attempts to reach for the stars in their childhood as a boy in the soviet union so gay designed simple ideas but as time went by he came up with a more sophisticated propelled craft as for venice at the age of twelve he created a prototype rocket by equipping a crate with fireworks he also. built a wagon that he launched in his hometown and apparently this wagon in the ad had. rockets he had made on it and it knighted that ran down the main street of his hometown and. who was von braun's long time private secretary says venet attracted police attention many times for firing things into the air nowadays buckbee often takes people on a tour of the space museum in huntsville where each exhibit is related to von braun

. but the best storyteller of. exploits is his only daughter natalia she wrote about him in three volumes of memoirs simply titled my father. with this this is a picture of the first soviet rocket it was launched on august seventeenth one thousand nine hundred thirty three though it spent only eighteen seconds in the air flying in altitude of four hundred meters it was a spectacular success. moscow in the one nine hundred thirty s. was a time of daring ambition and breathtaking endeavor for one group of young scientists infusing as it was all they had to try and turn fantasy into reality they were so desperately short of money that they had to hire a tram to take this second rocket to its launch pad. was the driving force behind the team researching propulsion they kept saying to each other we will go to mars yes we will. rested for high treason in nineteen thirty eight but for many years

he didn't know why he protested his innocence despite brutal questioning and only broke down when interrogators showed him a picture of his daughter saying she'd be orphaned if he didn't confess ten years in prison at the height of stalin's purges. i was five years old when my mother and i went to see him i did not know he had been arrested i had been told that he was away because he was the pilot when we entered small room a warden came in through another door. i said papa how could you possibly lend your airplane in that small courtyard at that moment the warden chipped in you know dear landing here is no problem but getting out of here is very difficult. after his prison term was moved to a good russia's remote east where inmates were forced to mine for gold. every day. dropped to just forty five kilos during his time that he lost more than half his

teeth due to scale but he survived because stanley needed rocket scientists for the soviet union's nuclear shield. was released six years later he told his daughter wife. and mother about his life in the camp only once he asked them not to bring the subject up again and to steer clear of gold ornaments. served his term in a good light then a von braun was in nazi germany rising through the ranks on the s.s. command he started work on a secret project after hitler ordered his scientists to create a weapon capable of hitting distant targets. up to several setbacks the infamous v. two rocket was created it was the world's first ballistic missile ready to fire.

and this is an old house in a small provincial town in central germany it's a place of simple beauty and quiet gentle life. the town also has a special museum the wagon outside the entrance is like those used to bring thousands of people to this tranquil place in one thousand nine hundred three to a notorious concentration camp and most of the exhibits though are underground. the v. two was made here at this secret some terrain and plant it's workman with inmates from the metal back door of labor camp which was a part of booth and vote now we're entering the original tunnel a it's

a huge tunnel as you can see with about twelve mistress. in this model you can see two. huge cross. a b. and forty six cross. built by concentration camp prisoners in the last years of the war if you look don here you can see an origin. and which was moved from the behind here to show it to visitors. the prisoners spent half a year on the ground without seeing so much as a sliver of daylight at the time they didn't know the purpose of the tunnels but they later realized that they have been putting together a monstrous weapon designed to destroy their homes countries and loved ones they had to sleep in bets with thought any equipment only on

a wooden nothing. the senate terry conditions were catastrophic people died after just two will three months of intolerable work the dead were replaced with new inmates soviet people made up one third of the door of prison population. the b two b. ones were unique weapons because these were the only weapons where more people died building them then people died by using these weapons. half of the six thousand rockets made to the underground plants during the eighteen months of his existence were faulty the inmates did all they could to make sure all the weapons remained on the ground they breached production ruse and use defective components. thirty five thousand inmates died during the plant's lifetime.

cost six human lives. without doubt venom von braun paid several visits to the facility when he went down into the tunnels he saw hundreds of dead inmates but apparently. did not seem fazed much later his face appeared on the cover of time magazine he shook hands with president kennedy and was awarded medals his impassioned glorification of american democracy came much later too but in may nine hundred forty five d.s.'s major was faced with a choice. so. he was reflecting with us colleagues what to do after the german defeat and. before they decided most of them decided to go with the americans. surprisingly the americans welcomed their former enemies despite the fact that a new conflict was on the horizon the cold war.

who flew with russians their first job was to learn how to fly an airplane to go bomb russia the american people looked at these these people the local people anyway as being able to assist us in developing a new system for defense of the country the americans won the space race but did we win the space race when you look at the fathers of space in the last century you had one of the was germany and then you look at the russians and we have surrogate pavlovitch carlo he had spent time in the gulag and some of his first designs that he did on aviation where we're from the gulag. but. was eventually released from prison and was no longer an enemy of the soviet people in fact he became his country's protector and made chief designer of a ballistic missile called item number one. even lost his identity and was now

a top secret somebody working on a top secret tusk. get a mind when they went to germany they started to study german rocket technology. was first so long an able to perform his job ended up diving deeper into the work he loved so much. made a faithful replica of the v. two rocket on stalin's orders although it was successfully launched realized that the rocket was not good enough he was sure he could make an even better one and he did it was cold the king. the soviet union and the united states were neck and neck in the construction of long range missiles but that changed in one nine hundred fifty seven in the midst of the cold war the arms race became the space race.

on the morning of october fifth hundred years in the united states began picking up on signals from space a couple of hours later president eisenhower was told about the russian inch of earth's first satellite he cut short his vacation stock exchange shares took the shop down to exactly the russians have launched into space was totally unclear we couldn't even figure out what sputnik meant we kept referring to it as a bomb and we were trying to write a headline writer you know soviet union put a bomb in space they said oh no don't call a bomb there we eventually realized it was a scientific satellite. the world sputnik was soon. to become familiar with the english language large numbers of people stayed away from work to try and hear the beeping sound from the satellite they gathered on rooftops in the hope of seeing a little spot of manmade light blinking up in the sky all they did was take this

small extra payload on top of a long range ballistic missile and sent him into orbit and then someone had the idea to do that so you would hear it and that transformed the world as we know it. when it's has changed for example like this came into fashion and. only a handful of people even the sputnik being designed by said again. his name did not appear anywhere it was soviet leader nikita khrushchev the one. our sputnik is searching the earth and awaiting for american and other sputniks to show up side by side with it before a commonwealth of sputnik's. von braun's attempt to launch the first u.s. satellite ended in the van gogh exploded.

when you. called my father to tell him that he should launch another sputnik in time for the anniversary of the one nine hundred seventeen october revolution which was close at hand but people had gone on vacation and had to be summoned back. khrushchev wanted something more than just another sputnik she wanted something entirely new. given less than a month to invent one that would need the blueprints no quality control the whole enterprise depended on trust throughout his career it was always looking for people willing to forgo food and sleep and work through the night. is a psychologist from russia's space research center star city he used to work under . he was a great man it was enough for him to look at you and he got a wealth of information even though he was a freak with his subordinates he had a very delicate soul. it was

a four legged cosmonaut that was the first living creature to head towards the stars a dog called lika when she was launched into space there were tears in her eyes time magazine called her the world's most lonely and miserable dog that was true it was a one way ticket for like a monument was unveiled in moscow to mark the fiftieth anniversary of her space mission. but there is this monument to commemorate the dogs greatest. people bring treats you know what would look someone has even brought a candy here for the. show some even bring sausages for the puppy. at that time it was impossible to retrieve a sputnik from people around the world accused the soviet union of animal cruelty but like his sacrifice was of undoubted benefit to science scientists were unsure whether the biological functions could work in zero gravity i mean there are so many things we take for granted today but with the heart pump and zero gravity

would blood flow and zero gravity would your mind you know be alert and zero gravity meanwhile the americans too would launching animals into the stratosphere notably monkeys they were put under anaesthetic but they also died in their missions. but eventually there was a happy ending with two dogs called falcon and. both were well behaved. just to stay became commitments even so that one day flight was problem free and they became the first creatures ever to safely return from obey it. the soviet mongrels one instant fame brand owners something that no pedigree could ever dream of and soon after returning to earth gave birth to six healthy pups nikita khrushchev gave

one of them to president kennedy's daughter caroline but it was a constant reminder to the rest of the soviet space program had defeated him and the first round of the space race was. culture is the same i understand naturally and there's always room for some looking back to be looked but it isn't the mark of banner not discussions continue whether muslim women should be barred from appearing public with their faces veil is this. has snow white smile conquered millions of cops he was a welcome guest around the world and the epitome of mankind's dreams. guarin the first man in space for a. soaking

was among those who wanted to take part in the national celebration. but his colleagues barred from the red square. nobody recognized. the need to punish him but when the nobel committee asked the crucial thing to disclose the name of the chief designer who made it possible for the first sputnik and forgotten to go into space who showed said the entire nation created the advanced technology that. never complained about the fact that his health of being affected by the prison camp the public could not associate him with the space program he had no time for that he was busy turning his dreams into reality. of love do you regard him as though he were his own son sylhet both. of you regarding complemented each other as personalities they were competent all with each other sometimes they didn't even

need to talk the first u.s. astronauts alan shepard went into space a month after go and spend only fifteen minutes there and had spent two hours in orbit then of wrong braun was clearly losing the race he was tired of being coming in second he was it was pretty well i think discussed it with with the the system the government system that that we were operating under. not realizing that the russians were really technology smart. very much in. television and even helped disney space travel so the american public he was the first salesman. if we were to stop what they organized and well supported space. i believe a practical passenger rocket could be built and tested within ten years. the

press also joined in on the space race italian and american newspapers claimed that eleven cosmonauts went into space before guarin did and never returned. they were known as the so-called missing cosmonauts the reports even gave their names to lend credibility to the stories. i was married to one of the names of. this her. was flown under these tests not true it was a form of relaxation. it was a tester he often told her about how he had spent six months in a camp into the ocean he was compelled to live high in the mountains where there

was a severe shortage of oxygen and he went through training in a fast spinning centrifuge so that they were asked to press the button even the speed was too much for them but they never did because they had an overpowering desire to serve their country in space exploration chose to ignore this train so that they would be allowed to go into space. needless to say. he was stunned by a newspaper report claiming he was dead. he immediately called his mother. to tell her that he was ok then he at the of us supposedly missing cosmonauts wrote an article for a soviet newspaper headlined the gadhafi says gentleman. so you would if the jury saw it as something of a joke they even liked it because they meant somebody knew them and had put them on the map so to speak. and as husband died in two thousand and two but it had nothing to do with any fabricated space experiment.

there was a time when the dimia butoh wanted to be a minerals a special kind of cosmonaut soon after garden space flight. of announced he was going to draw on engineers at his enterprise to put together a group of cosmonauts their job would be to assemble three parts of a giant ship one obeys the spacecraft would then head to miles from there it was great dream von braun's ambition of the time didn't extend beyond reaching the moon . spoke of the lunar race was an invention in reality there was no lunar rates. shows off his secret notebook it contains drafts and other details relating to the mas project. i put down it would sergei had sold me and launched a morse was scheduled for early one nine hundred seventy four. if his notes are anything to go by so did not start on a new no project until one thousand nine hundred sixty four but von braun had been working on it for three years following president kennedy's announcements of plans

to conquer the moon but was compelled to focus his attention on the moon instead of mars and other planets he's known to have regarded the planets as his priority objectives through ship shit your my nineteen sixty four who shot had their luzhin we might outstrip the americans. if we fail to land on the moon then at least we could fly around it and head of them with that zoom. be nice in political terms. of surprisingly don't give the moon away to the americans. did not believe. to much time had already been wasted. on britain's heyday. we raised the flag the american flag on the surface of congratulation i really believe that the soviet union drove the us to the moon. in our day and we did that in the

sixty's and i think it was because there was serious competition between the two countries i. didn't get to see strong take the first step on the lunar surface he died in nine hundred sixty six during some routine surgery his anonymity died with him and his identity was finally declassified triggering a wave of the. streets when. monuments and plaques were unveiled in his own even room said. that he never realized all the work could be done by just one person. my father liked to say that people can travel into space issued by trade he was absolutely sure that outer space was not empty and people

must live and work there he said. seeing americans and russians in space together. in one hundred seventy five the so he. put an end to the space race. i'm approaching so use. less than five meters. three meters. contact. i like chocolate smallest of all like the trickle of chocolates a location. cosmonaut valeri could bounce off was part of the soyuz apollo project

and often visits this museum he remembers every minute of his mission the food what they talked about and how they welcomed the apollo crew moves their lists aboard which is a good suit vapor labels from balls holes off bald go with us. and when we were up there i randomly pasted them on a couple of cubes and one of them turned out to be filled with borsch and the other with some kind of a tomato paste. and it went american astronauts stafford and dick slayton said sound on the table. i showed them that use and you know yeah good idea they said. today new cosmonauts a set to go into space one by one of the countries are creating their own space programs india and japan. china has already launched its own cosmonauts into space even wealthy tourists pay for a trip to the stars just filling carroll yobs prophecy. maybe one day

the time may come when space flights will be routine excursions curious travelers might take pictures of themselves against the backdrop of an extinct volcano named after the phantom phone or in front of the crater. of. hungry for the full story we've got it first hand the biggest issues get the human voice face to face with the news makers on.

quite. the international court of justice in the hague use that call supposed declaration of independence from serbia in two thousand and eight did not break international law the judgment is likely to spark concern among.