the caves first tunnel when we first came here we did see tracks left by sheep yes that's right i remember the first time i came here we did see tracks left by sheep . the cave extends for more than a kilometer several narrow corridors hide a large central chamber the cave walls are covered in drip stones still lack tights and still like mines. the north caucasus largest bat hibernates deep underneath the ground they represent the redbook species the bat and the horseshoe nosed bat more than two thousand bats gather here in the winter they cuddle together in order to survive the cold weather in summer they fly to the foothills and return again in autumn they start preparing for migration in early spring when they split up into smaller groups. sometimes i find all of the boats covered with jew.

they look very nice like covered in tinsel. ok visit closed ecosystem the humidity is one hundred percent and the temperature in the caves is constant which is exactly what bats need human should avoid staying in the caves for too long as they start to have an impact on the special climate conditions. fuck. you hear them calling. this means we warmed up their confined. if they start flying around they will use up their fat a may not survive until spring. so let's get out of here. back the rangers run into an unexpected obstacle to our river bed starts to filling

with water the water is now blocking their path. a few hours later no vehicle able to clear this hurdle the only path to the cave will be gradually immersed in water it will be impossible to use it again before next spring. the are doing river springs from the glaciers of the greater caucasus mountain range runs the length of the nature reserve scientists say more than one hundred mountain streams and springs swiftly replenished with water.

hunting in the reserves prohibited armed rangers make daily rounds of its territory as a rule their routes run through the wooded slopes of mountain gorges. inhabit the foothills unfortunately they still fall easy prey to hunters because they're obvious targets they like grazing in spaces and rarely go uphill. landmarks scattered across the reserve reflect the history of. people first began using caves and overhanging rocks as. times. alone as were the ancestors of the. they built stone fortifications overlooking the mountain pass

so they'd be more easily defensible. in those days even temora. was unable to cross this territory the highlanders blocked the mountain passes and pelted his troops with stones. these tel was built in the middle ages. period dates back to the fourteenth or seventeenth century. celebrated architectural landmarks of ancient north. they differ in height and shape as a rule extended families lived in short towers. were used as lookout points and for other defensive purposes the towers were built close to villages and gorges with paths used by troops on foot and on horseback many were extensions of forbidding clips. rock faces. protection from.

was served as. if people manning which tell was in the lowest lying villages at the entrance to the goal which noticed approaching enemy troops then they would lodge the. people in so the smoke. was in remote parts of the gorge. in accordance with a long standing tradition. to take no more than a year if builders failed to meet the deadline the structure was pulled down and built a new towers belonging to the same clan were regarded as sanctuaries in due course they became symbols of the clans power and wealth as time went by they turned into veritable objects of worship.

one of the most revered sanctuaries of the people is a medieval architectural site called. located in the gorge one thousand nine hundred meters above sea level. well i can test indicates that here. from here in the tenth or eleventh century. this fence was built a couple of centuries later at the. initial in orthodox church was here but orthodoxy grew weaker turned into a pagan sanctuary. city to disclose an animal's killed by hunters were brought here. scientists don't yet know exactly when the recall was built only logs were used to make it no nails or anything made of. cars poles support the wooden roof they feature patterns that look like

a camel's head resting on a long neck. arrow and spirit heads have been found here according to legend the oldest city in prince tar was kept here has a date in travelers visiting this place in the eighteenth century zoid. only natural features are destined to be the reserves eternal landmarks. over the centuries water and wind have crafted unique mountain landscapes. many of them are hidden from the inquisitive eyes of tourists. only the staff of the nature reserve are aware of their location. if ever that brought them this will file is called the ring it is a unique natural feature of this century. the river has broken through limestone

beds here to make a hole in the shape of a ring there was a reflector that it forms a rainbow. waterfalls like this one are rare not only in the caucasus but in the entire world the stone is about two metres wide. its broadest part consists of three layers of limestone the age of the rock is estimated between one hundred and one hundred twenty million years. or more that's . absolutely. i would say it's the standard for natural water. in the limestone of the kerry range there also is crystal clear up to filtering through many kilometers of limestone not over. the cut since he came in with rock terraces grados and knishes begins right under

the ring waterfall it took the car to go on mountain stream. thousands of years to force its way through the rock. good to what they do swaying many tones tumble down from cliff tops and terrace hedges a stream of lines and loops through the stones and. this is where. the true very clean water for life but it's a rare species in the moans and streams of the caucuses. the canyons must seawalls date back to the dressing period in winter they're covered with heights they're known as reaping walls because of the constantly dripping water in summer.

the reserves melt and streams overflow their banks in early spring but they're not the main threat to the mountain paths rockslide said in with the arrival of warm weather. culture is that so much i was about to faint and i think i'm going to give it real and be right with the big bang experiments conducted by the large hadron collider is seen by many as a scientific breakthrough others say to. wealthy

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spring called open mating season in the mountains of the north a nature reserve. this is the best time for observing what are otherwise quite secretive animals and scientists take full advantage of the opportunity which. getting to their habitats is quite a problem no avalanches stand in the way. one of them has blocked the road leading to the few and done gorge where rangers have seen caucasian goats.

you. know we'll have to walk. will try to take. the train. down slowly from the.

place. in north. nobody was hit. but the road. will have to go on foot to reach them.

some time ago. so there was a good chance of people encountering caucasian goats on the mountain paths today scientists tend to observe them through their binoculars these graceful animals prefer the higher altitudes. caucasian goats have no difficulty clearing steep slopes they almost never slip off as they know how to spread their center of gravity evenly and choose the right foot hold and they have no fear of heights. the east caucasian variety of goats inhabits this reserve it's possible to tell them apart by the shape of their horns. with them flow for. in the form of a partial spiral you know with the bit like this like it but. it's

the right horn to the left and the left horn points to the right. cohesion goats or wild animals. but high in the mountains and they often allow rock climbers to come surprisingly close. at the most of them would. matter of ten meters you think those who got used to the presence of people are. quite tolerant of them near the training camps are for rock climbers and the more when they can park for the night up in the mountains. there are many fascinating routes for climbing into z. is swithin the reserve law they often use the cliff faces in glaciers for training

any ascent is always fraught with risk. a small cliff is the best place for training and testing out new gear right. careful is it all down from here. we're. in an extreme situation there was strong gusts of wind during our ascent visibility was a me a ten meters in those conditions we couldn't climb down from the top of the mountain i was a beginner climbing that was my third climb needless to say i was. a wise climber never ventures into the mountains. three climbers is the minimal number. summer is the ideal season for challenging climbs. in spring climbers examine the

best way to get up the mountains work out new routes and compare mountain terrain with its map description. we are going to. climb through that snow there and come from the right side through the rock. shooting rock steer. well we'll see when we reach the place. let's get going. peaks of the mountain range takes no small effort. by. the climbers have to exert themselves to conquer the. in

accordance with tradition one setup the summit rock climbers drink tea with bitter chocolate. to help yourself. but you hear what attracts me to the mountains that's the most difficult question i can think of i don't think any climber or fan of extreme sports could answer to simply i enjoy rock climbing and the beautiful landscape. descends on the mountains rapidly and in spring the weather can change very quickly the climbers need to get down as fast as possible. mazes receiving. their group reached the top at thirteen forty five when beginning the descend what's the weather like just fine everything's ok going down. yes thanks. the bulk of the reserve is situated along the buck avoid range

where the slopes are steep and rocky some of the peaks are four and a half kilometers above sea level rocks stones in glaciers are scattered all around . discussed the scheme resort is situated in a glacier smelt in a city gorge. reserve staff get down to the most important work at the height of the springtime ski

season. they're going to release this small bison herd into the wild for the time being the animals graze in a special pen. these bison have lived in captivity since birth the blood of a wild ox by the name of because flows in their veins. was sent to a private nursery after being caught in one thousand no seven by the russian emperor while on a hunting expedition when all the bison had been exterminated in the north caucasus it was at the forefront of the restoration of the caucasian bison subspecies. a great grandson of cause by the name of the door was born on nine hundred twenty five it's far as i can gather he was the forefather all the caucasian subspecies of the bison in the 1930's he was taken to us. there he me to do with. bison that was the origin of

a bison subspecies with. since early this morning reserve staff have been trying to compel the bison to enter special cages for transportation. during their quarantine period animals became accustomed to their pen and learn to trust people so they're in no hurry to go out and the wild. after several and successful attempts one of the females is lurd into the cage now the herd will follow suit mice and are known for their matriarchal behavior. come on faster. well done. the bison steadfastly endured their temporary captivity all on their way to their new habitat. the return of caucasian bison to the wild is

a joint project undertaken by the north the such a nature reserve and the world wildlife fund. there are things ready joey go yes let's go. by sin already accustomed to the wild grays nearby. it's not yet known whether they'll accept or reject their newcomers. the forests and the mountains are beyond human influence through. all that's left for the reserve staff to do is monitor the animals and preserve this protected area of the north caucasus.

first cream removal cold clear cutting. second explosives are used to plaster baby girl in the curio. church the remains are removed by machinery. finally the unbolted soil is deposited in valley feel. modern top legal on our.

so.

this. car and this. charred ruins. there's no end in sight to the hill. and the number of. people are trying to leave the capital which is still covered by the tops of small but. good to have you with us widespread forest and peat bog still raging here in russia

leaving many cities suffocating under a thick blanket of smaug forecasters say the unprecedented heat wave that's fueling the blazes as unlikely to ease this week the fall is of claimed fifty lives. more than one hundred fifty thousand people are battling the flames including the russian men. tree and volunteers extra vehicles and equipment are being sent from other countries the smoke from the wildfires making it difficult to breathe in many cities including the russian capital from where are you going to spin off reports. the officials and the environmental say about the situation in general is bad twenty four seven although it does get may get a little bit better during daytime it is much much worse during the night and specially in the morning hours it's hard to breathe and it's hard to breathe without a mask gas mask i do have my own right here but i can tell you even when wearing one the eyes start watering and authorities strongly recommend to everybody to stay

inside to shut the windows to drink as much water as possible and to always wear masks but there are no reports from doctors that the number of deaths in moscow has doubled and they blame the pollution for this also organized these so-called small centers across the city where water and masks are being distributed however already you heard complaints that some of these centers are not equipped with air conditioning and there are also reports that some pharmacies in the city are sold out of medical maxwell i can tell you that these medical masks are really of no use what you need is a mask which has this opening with an air filter inside that could do at least something in terms to help coping with the pollution and with the environment the weather forecasts don't really offer much much hope they do say that it may.