in early spring people used the river to get to the rocky range where a cave. is situated along a tributary of the larger river nature reserve staff. existence by chance. where. we had not been aware of its existence for ten years when locals told us about it they said she had once been sheltered in the caves first tunnel. first came here we did see tracks left by sheep yes that's right i remember the first time i came here we did see tracks left by sheep. the cave extends for more than a kilometer several years. central chamber. walls are covered in drip stones still tights and still. the north. the ground they represent the red book

species. and the horseshoe nosed bat more than two thousand bats gather here in the winter they cuddle together in order to survive the cold weather in summer they fly to the foothills and return again in autumn they start preparing for migration in early spring when they split up into smaller groups. sometimes i find all of the boats covered with jew. they look very nice like covered in tinsel. ok visit closed ecosystem the humidity is one hundred percent and the temperature in the caves is constant which is exactly what bats need human should avoid staying in the caves for too long as they start to have an impact on the special climate conditions. fuck. you hear them calling.

this means we've warmed up their confined habitat. if they start flying around they will use up their fat a may not survive until spring. so let's get out of here. way back the rangers run into an unexpected obstacle to our riverbed starts to fill in with water the water is now blocking their path. a few hours later no vehicle be able to clear this hurdle the only path to the cave will be gradually immersed in water it will be impossible to use it again before next spring. the are doing river springs from the

glaciers of the greater caucasus mountain range it runs the length of the nature reserve scientists say more than one hundred mountain streams and springs swiftly replenished with water. hunting in the reserves prohibited armed rangers make daily rounds of its territory as a rule their routes run through the wooded slopes of mountain gorges. inhabit the foothills unfortunately they still fall easy prey to hunters because they're obvious targets they lay grazing in spaces and rarely go uphill.

lenoir scattered across the reserve reflect the history of. people first began using caves and overhanging rocks as. time. alone. they built stone fortifications overlooking mountain paths so they'd be more easily defensible. in those days even tempered was unable to cross this territory. block to the mountain passes and pelted his troops with stones. these tel was built in the middle ages. period dates back to the fourteenth or seventeenth century. celebrated architectural landmarks of ancient north. they differ in height and

shape as a rule extended families lived in short towers. were used as lookout points and for other defensive purposes the towers were built close to villages and gorges with paths used by troops on foot and on horseback many were extensions of forbidding clips. protection from. tel was served as. if people manning which tell was in the lowest lying villages at the entrance to the door which noticed approaching enemy troops then they would lodge the. people in so the smoke. was in remote parts of the gold. in accordance with a long standing tradition. to take no more than a year if builders failed to meet the deadline the structure was pulled down and

built a new towers belonging to the same clan were regarded as sanctuaries in due course they became symbols of the power and wealth as time went by they turned into veritable objects of worship. one of the most revered sanctuaries of the people is a medieval architectural site called. located in the gorge one thousand nine hundred meters above sea level. well i can test indicates that here. from here in the chance or eleventh century. this fence was built a couple of centuries later at the battle of initially in orthodox church was here but orthodoxy grew weaker turned into

a pagan sanctuary. city to disclose an animal's killed by hunters were brought here. scientists don't yet know exactly when the recall was built only logs were used to make it no nails or anything made of. carved poles support the wooden roof they feature patterns that look like a camel's head resting on a long neck. in spirit heads have been flown here according to legend of the city and prince tara was kept here. as a traveller is visiting this place in the eighteenth century saw it in the. only natural features are destined to be the reserves eternal landmarks. over the centuries water and wind have crafted unique mountain landscapes.

many of them are hidden from the inquisitive eyes of tourists. only the staff of the nature reserve are aware of their location. this will file is called the ring it is a unique natural feature of this sanctuary. the river has broken through limestone beds here to make a hole in the shape of a ring there was a reflector that it forms a rainbow. wonderfalls like this one are rare not only in the caucasus but in the entire world the stone is about two metres wide. its broadest part consists of three layers of limestone the age of the rock is estimated between one hundred and one hundred twenty million years. more than an.

absolute. i would say it's the standard for natural water it's filmed in a caustic zone in the limestone of the kerry range there also is crystal clear up to filtering through many kilometers of limestone not over. the cut since you came in with rock terraces grados and knishes begins right under the ring waterfall it took the car to go on mountain stream thousands of years to force its way through the rock. good. swaying many tons tumble down from cliff tops and terrace hedges a stream winds are now loops through the stones and. this is where. very clean water for life but it's a rare species in the mountain streams of the caucasus.

the canyons must seawalls date back to the drastic period in winter they're covered with heights they're known as weeping walls because of the constantly dripping water in summer. the reserves melt and streams overflow their banks in early spring but they're not the main threat to the mountain paths rockslide said in with the arrival of warm weather. first. a clear cut. second explosives are used to plastic

a deeper than the fear that. hurt the remainder of. his devotion to in valley feed. on the. wealthy british sign.

what's really happening to the global economy. headlines kaiser reports. in spring called open mating season in the mountains of the north reserve. this is the best time for observing what are otherwise quite secretive animals and scientists take full advantage of the opportunity. getting to their habitats is quite a problem. in the way. one of the road leading to. where rangers have seen.

normal conditions. with no we'll have to walk. some hundred meters. here a week ago the avalanche fell here. will try to take another wrote in the upper road. the trains caucasus highways the reserves most avalanche prone area with up to two hundred fifty avalanches each season. a snow slide can be set off from a shelter from touching it slightly or from a drift of snow. usually slides down slowly from the.

place yes. in north. nobody was hit. but the road. to reach them.

sometime. today. they almost never slip off. and they have no fear of heights. the east caucasian variety of goats inhabits this reserve it's possible to tell them apart by the shape of their horns. with them flow for. in the form of a partial spiral. like this like it but. it's the right horn points to the left and the left horn points to the right.

cohesion goats or wild animals but high in the mountains and they often allow rock climbers to come surprisingly close. at the most of the. matter of ten meters you think those who got used to the presence of people are. quite tolerant of them near the training camp so for all climbers. when they can park for the night up in the mountains. there are many fascinating routes for climbing and to see a switch in the reserve law they often use the cliff faces in glaciers for training any ascent is always fraught with risk. a small cliff is the best place for

training and testing out new gear raw. careful is it all down from here. what someone wants phones ourselves in an extreme situation so a strong gusts of wind during our ascent visibility was a mia ten meters in those conditions we couldn't climb down from the top of the mountain or i was a beginner in rock climbing that was my third climb needless to say i was very scared. a wise climber never ventures into the. three climbers is the minimal number. of. summer is the ideal season for challenging climb. in spring climbers examine the best way to. work out new routes and compare with it's map description.

going to. climb through that snow there and come from the right side through the. shooting rocks. when we reach the place. let's get going. peaks of the mountain range takes no small effort. by. the climbers have to exert themselves to conquer the flat mountain. in accordance with tradition. rock climbers drink tea with bitter chocolate. to help yourself. but you hear.

that's the most difficult question i can think of i don't think any. good answer simply i enjoy rock climbing and the beautiful landscape. on the mountains rapidly and in spring the weather can change very quickly the climbers need to get fast as possible. mazes received in. their group reached the top at thirteen forty five when beginning of it is send what's the weather like just fine everything's ok. good luck. thanks. the reserve is situated along the bulk avoid range where the slopes are steep and rocky some of the peaks are four and a half kilometers above sea level rocks stones english years are scattered all

around. discussed the schemers or it is situated in the glaciers melt in mrs corey gorge. reserve staff get down to the most important work at the height of the springtime ski season. they're going to release this small bison herd into the wild for the

time being the animals graze in a special pen. these bison have lived in captivity since birth the blood of a wild ox by the name of cub because flows in their veins. was sent to a private nursery after being caught in one thousand nine hundred seven by the russian emperor while on a hunting expedition when all the bison had been exterminated in the north caucasus it was comes because at the forefront of the restoration of the caucasian bison subspecies. they should do it for a great grandson off the cuff caused by the name of the dole was born in one thousand nine hundred twenty five at the work of his far as i can gather he was the forefather all the caucasian subspecies of the bison in the one nine hundred thirty s. he was taken toscanini in over a soviet nature reserve there he meted with female bill aris bison that was the origin of a bison subspecies with cookies in blood. since

early this morning reserve staff have been trying to compel the bison to enter special cages for transportation. during their quarantine period animals became accustomed to their pen and learn to trust people so they're in no hurry to go out and the wild. after several and successful attempts one of the females is lurd into the cage now the herd will follow suit mice and are known for their matriarchal behavior. come on faster. well done. the bison steadfastly endured their temporary captivity all on their way to their new habitat. the return of caucasian bison to the wild is a joint project undertaken by the north essential nature reserve and the world wildlife fund. there are things ready so we go

yes let's go. by sin already accustomed to the wild grays nearby. it's not yet known whether they'll accept or reject their newcomers. the forests and the mountains are beyond human influence through. all that's left for the reserve staff to do is monitor the animals and preserve this protected area of the north caucasus. houses apartments cars appliances in so many years

until they come to visit you. do you think the property bonum credit really belongs to you dependent on r t.

this is not a production look at war and. that we should just everybody you should disapprove retreat because they have no idea about the hardships that we face. this is. going to loosen the grip in the army the use of the enemy is the most precious thing in the world. uses of self-sacrifice and terrorism with those who understand fully that you have to live a. real life stories from would need to. be true nineteen forty five don't. hundreds of wildfires still burning across central russia the situation is stable

and contained according to authorities but they warn that could change at any moment fifty two people have died around two thousand have lost their homes several countries are such equipment and specialists to help battle. meanwhile the death rate in the russian capital has doubled this season compared to the monthly average that's according to moscow's department of health and doctors blame the concentration of harmful particles in the air coming from the forest fires that advise everyone to wear a mask outside and drink plenty of water emergencies ministry plans to extinguish all the fires in the moscow region over the course of the next days. and japan calling for a nuclear free world on the sixty fifth anniversary of the atomic bombing of nagasaki representatives from more than thirty countries gathered with the survivors to remember the more than two hundred thousand who lost their lives the united states did not send a representative to nagasaki as it did for the ceremony earlier and hiroshima. now

how dangerous is the recently completed large hadron collider peter lavelle's gas on cross talk try to separate science fiction from science fact stay with us for the discussion coming up. if you can. follow him and welcome to cross talk i'm peter lavelle the great quest for what is called the god particle the big bang experiments conducted by the enormously ambitious and expensive large hadron collider is seen by many is a scientific breakthrough others say differently the safety of humanity and the earth maybe its day. to. discuss and explain the meaning of the l h c i'm joined by neil on the swami in

london he's the author of the edge of physics and a consultant for the new scientist also in london we have jordan nash he's the head of the high energy physics research group at imperial college and in stuttgart we cross to auto rustler he's a professor of theoretical biochemistry at the university of tuning in and another member of our crosstalk team yell on the hunger all right gentlemen crosstalk rules in effect that means you can jump in anytime you want first of all jordan i'd like to go to you i didn't do very well and high school physics ok and when i'm told the project the great collider can reproduce the nano second after the big bang how can you explain that to me why is that important and what it what does it mean and how can it change our life. well the first few nanoseconds after the big bang whole universe was in the very place it was very hot it was composed of many different things some of which we don't know.