an early spring people used the river to get to the rocky range where a cave. is situated along a tributary of the larger river nature reserve staff. existence by chance where. we had not been aware of its existence for ten years when locals told us about it they said sheep being sheltered in the caves first tunnel when we first came here we did see tracks left by sheep yes that's right i remember the first time i came here we did see tracks left by sheep. the cave extends for more than a kilometer several narrow corridors hide a large central chamber the cave walls are covered in drip stones tights and. the north caucuses. hibernates deep underneath the ground they represent the

redbook species. and the horseshoe nosed bat more than two thousand bats gather here in the winter they cuddle together in order to survive the cold weather in summer they fly to the foothills and return again in autumn they start preparing for migration in early spring when they split up into smaller groups. sometimes i find all of the boats covered with jew. they look very nice like covered in tinsel. ok visit closed ecosystem the humidity is one hundred percent and the temperature in the caves is constant which is exactly what bats need human should avoid staying in the caves for too long as they start to have an impact on the special climate conditions. fuck. you hear them calling.

this means we warmed up their confined habitat. if they start flying around they will use up their fat and may not survive until spring. so let's get out of here. back the rangers run into an unexpected obstacle to our river bed starts to filling with water the water is now blocking their path. a few hours later novia be able to clear this hurdle the only path to the cave will be gradually immersed in water it will be impossible to use it again before next spring. river springs from the glaciers of the

greater caucasus mountain range runs the length of the nature reserve scientists say more than one hundred mountain streams and springs swiftly replenished with water. hunting in the reserves prohibited armed rangers make daily rounds of its territory as a rule their routes run through the wooded slopes of mountain gorges. inhabit the foothills unfortunately they still fall easy prey to hunters because they're obvious targets they like grazing in open spaces and rarely go uphill.

landmarks scattered across the reserve reflect a history of. people first began using caves and overhanging rocks as. a loans where the ancestors of the. they built stone fortifications overlooking mountain paths so they'd be more easily defensible. in those days even tempered was unable to cross this territory. block to the mountain passes and pelted his troops with stones. these tel was built in the middle ages. period dates back to the fourteenth or seventeenth century. celebrated architectural landmarks. they differ in height and shape as

a rule extended families lived in short towers. look out points and for other defensive purposes. close to villages. with paths used by troops on foot and on horseback many were extensions of clips. rock faces. protection from. served as. if people manning watched. villages at the entrance to the noticed approaching enemy troops then they would large. so the smoke. was in remote parts of the gorge. in accordance with tradition. to take no more than a year if builders failed to meet the deadline the structure was pulled down and built a new towers belonging to the same clan were regarded as sanctuaries in due course

they became symbols of the power and wealth as time went by they turned into veritable objects of worship. one of the most revered sanctuaries of the people. located in the gorge one thousand nine hundred meters above sea level. contest indicates that here. from here in the tenth or eleventh century. this fence was built a couple of centuries later the. initially in orthodox church was here but orthodoxy grew weaker it was turned into

a pagan sanctuary. city to discos and animals killed by hunters were brought here. scientists don't yet know exactly when the recall was built only logs were used to make it no nails or anything made of. carved poles support the wooden roof they feature patterns that look like a camel's head resting on a long neck. arrow and spirit heads have been found here according to legend of the oldest city in prince tar was kept here. as a day when travelers visiting this place in the eighteenth century saw it. only natural features are destined to be the reserves eternal landmarks. over the centuries water and wind have crafted unique scapes.

many of them are hidden from the inquisitive eyes of tourists. only the staff of the nature reserve are aware of their location. this will funnel is cool to the ring it is a unique natural feature of this century. has broken through limestone beds here to make a hole in the shape of a ring there was a reflected it forms a rainbow. one falls like this one are rare not only in the caucasus but in the entire world the stone ring is about two meters wide. its broadest part consists of three layers of limestone the age of the rock is estimated between one hundred and one hundred twenty million years. more than an.

absolute. i would say it's the standard for natural water. in the limestone of the kerry range there also is crystal clear up to filtering through many kilometers of limestone not over. the cut it since two canyon with rock terraces grados and knishes begins right under the ring waterfall it took the car to go on mountain stream. thousands of years to force its way through the. many tons. a stream. through this. this is. very clean water but it's a rare species in the mountain streams of the caucasus.

the canyons must date back to the period in winter they're covered with ice they're known as weeping walls because of the constantly dripping water in summer. the reserves melt and streams overflow their banks in early spring but they're not the main threat to the mountain paths rockslide said in with the arrival of warm weather. second to explain. the remainder.

why not. find out what's really happening to the global economy. the global financial headlines kaiser reports. in spring. open mating season in the mountains of the north reserve.

this is the best time for observing what are otherwise quite secretive animals and scientists take full advantage of the opportunity. getting to their habitats is quite a problem avalanches stand in the way. one of them is blocked the road leading to the gorge where rangers have seen. you. know will have to walk. some. will try to take. the train. hundred fifty each

season. usually slides down slowly from the slope. of dry snow. place yes. in north.

and. nobody was hit by snow but the road was entirely blocked. the rangers will have to go on foot to reach them. i mean the several on security a few days ago about a week ago sunk in since then was it higher then i'm sure a couple of metres all right let's go then. some time ago there was a good chance of people encounter in caucasian goats on the mountain paths today scientists tend to observe them through their binoculars these graceful animals prefer the higher altitudes. caucasian goats have no difficulty clearing steep slopes they almost never slip off as they know how to spread their center of gravity evenly and choose the right foot hold and they have no fear of heights.

the east caucasian variety of goats inhabits this reserve it's possible to tell them apart by the shape of their horns. with. in the form of a partial spiral. like this like it but. it's the right horn points to the left and the left horn points to the right. cohesion goats or wild animals. but high in the mountains and they often allow rock climbers to come surprisingly close. at the more than width do you typically a matter of ten meters you think those who got used to the presence of people are the only. quite tolerant of them near the training camps of for rock climbers who go to more when they can park for the night up in the mountains.

there are many fascinating routes for climbing and within the reserve. they often use the cliff faces and glaciers for training any is always fraught with risk . a small cliff is the best place for training and testing out new gear right. careful as they go down from here. we're. in an extreme situation there was strong gusts of wind during our ascent visibility was a me a ten meter in those conditions we couldn't climb down from the top of the mountain i was a beginner climbing that was my third climb needless to say i was. a

wise climber never ventures into the mountains alone three climbers is the minimal number. of. summer is the ideal season for challenging climbs. in spring climbers examine the best way to get up the mountains work out new routes and compare mountain terrain with its map description. going to the. well let's try and climb through that snow there and come from the right side through the rock. should iraq steer. well we'll see when we reach the place. which i thought ok let's get going.

climbing even to the lower peaks of the mountain range takes no small effort. the air is humid and rarefied the sun is blinding snow may collapse at any moment the climbers have to exert themselves to conquer the flat mountain. in accordance with tradition one setup the summit rock climbers drink tea with bitter chocolate. to help yourself. but you hear what attracts me to the mountains that's the most difficult question i can think of i don't think any climber or phantom extreme sports could answer to simply i enjoy rock climbing and the beautiful landscape. in the mountains rapidly and in spring the weather can change very quickly the climbers need to get down as fast as possible.

mazes receiving. their group reached the top at thirteen forty five when beginning of it is sand what's the weather like just fine everything's ok going down. yes thanks. the bulk of the reserve is situated along the buck avoid range where the slopes are steep and rocky some of the peaks are four and a half kilometers above sea level rocks stones in glaciers are scattered all around . discussed the schemers order situated in a glacier smelt in a cisco gorge. reserve

staff get down to the most important work at the height of the springtime ski season. they're going to release this small bison herd into the wild for the time being the animals graze in a special pen. these bison have lived in captivity since birth the blood of a wild ox by the name of ca's flows in their veins. was sent to a private nursery after being caught in one thousand nine hundred seven by the russian emperor while on a hunting expedition when all the bison had been exterminated in the north caucasus it was at the forefront of the restoration of the caucasian bison subspecies. a

great grandson of cause by the name of the door was born on nine hundred twenty five as far as i can gather he was the forefather all the caucasian subspecies of the bison in the 1930's he was taken to us. nature reserve there he me to do with. that was the origin of a bison subspecies with. since early this morning reserve staff have been trying to compel the bison to enter special cages for transportation. during their quarantine period animals became accustomed to their pen and learn to trust people so they're in no hurry to go out and the wild. after several and successful attempts one of the females is lurd into the cage now the herd will follow suit mice and are known for their matriarchal behavior. come on

faster. well done. the bison steadfastly endured their temporary captivity all on their way to their new habitat. the return of caucasian bison to the wild is a joint project undertaken by the north essential nature reserve and the world wildlife fund. there are things ready. yes let's go. to the. bison already accustomed to the wild graze nearby. it's not yet known whether they'll accept or reject their newcomers. the forests and the mountains are beyond human influence through. all that's left for the

reserve staff to do is monitor the animals and preserve this protected area of the north caucasus.

soon reach brighton if you move out soon from phones to christian.

means phone starts on t.v. dot com. they faced it this is not a prohibition but warned of. the forces that we should just step over what is sure to suppress the trees because they have no idea about the hardships to face. one it is this is it all of them two things. are in the army to life for them to use the other is the most precious thing in the world. use of self-sacrifice and heroism with those who understand it fully but you have to live a. real life stories from world war two. victory nineteen forty five don't dot com. this used to be somebodies car and this was once

a very nice meal but the forest fires in central russia rage on leaving only charred ruins on their path. there is no end in sight to the uphill battle against wildfires ravaging russia as they continue to destroy lives and homes. and the number of deaths has doubled in moscow while many people are trying to leave the capital which is still covered by giant clouds of toxic small the. boss the survivors plea sixty. five years since the u.s. dropped an atomic bomb on nagasaki those who escaped with their lives in the world to ensure no other place suffers their fate. and india's so-called untouchables are reigniting a debate over discrimination for those of a higher caste refused to give up their age old traditions despite government.

six am in the russian capital year which is with us here on our. top story this hour widespread forest fires are still raging in russia leaving many cities suffocating under a thick blanket of smog forecasters say the unprecedented he wave that's fueling the blazes is unlikely to ease this week the fires of claimed fifty lives and left thousands homeless more than one hundred fifty thousand people are battling the flames including russian military and volunteers extra vehicles and equipment have been sent from other countries smoke from the wildfires is making it tough to breathe in many cities including the russian capital that's where our t.v. reports. the officials in the mine mentally say that the situation in general is bad twenty four seven although it does get may get a little bit better during daytime it is much much worse during the night and

specially in the morning hours it's hard to be the and it's hard to be without gas mask i do have my own right here but i can tell you even when wearing one the eyes start watering and authorities strongly recommend to everybody to stay inside to shut the windows to drink as much water as possible and to always wear masks but there are no reports from doctors that the number of deaths in moscow has doubled and they blame the pollution for this. also organized these so called small centers across the city where water and masks are being distributed however the already heard complaints that some of these centers are not equipped with air conditioning and there are also reports that some pharmacies in the city are sold out of medical mass well i can tell you that these medical masks are really of no use what you need is a mask which has this opening with an air.