about its existence by chance. where. we had not been aware of its existence for ten years when locals told us about it they said she had once been sheltered in the caves first tunnel when we first came here we did see tracks left by sheep yes that's right i remember the first time i came here we did see tracks left by sheep . the cave extends for more than a kilometer several narrow corridors hide a large central chamber. walls are covered in drip stones still lack tights and still like mine it's. the north caucasus largest bat hibernates deep underneath the ground they represent the redbook species. and the horseshoe nosed bad more than two thousand bats gather here in the winter they cuddle together in order to survive

the cold weather in summer they fly to the foothills and return again in autumn they start preparing for migration in early spring when they split up into smaller groups. sometimes i find all of the boats covered with jew. they look very nice like covered in tinsel. ok visit closed ecosystem the humidity is one hundred percent and the temperature in the caves is constant which is exactly what bats need human should avoid staying in the caves for too long as they start to have an impact on the special climate conditions. fuck. you hear them calling. this means we've warmed up their confined. if they start flying around they will use up their fat and may not survive until spring. so let's get out of here.

back the rangers run into an unexpected obstacle to our river bed starts to filling with water the water is now blocking their path. a few hours later no vehicle be able to clear this hurdle the only path to the cave will be gradually immersed in water it will be impossible to use it again before next spring. the river springs from the glaciers of the greater caucasus mountain range runs the length of the nature reserve scientists say more than one hundred mountain streams and springs swiftly replenished with water.

hunting in the reserves prohibited armed rangers make daily rounds of its territory as a rule their routes run through the wooded slopes of mountain gorges. inhabit the foothills unfortunately they still fall easy prey to hunters because they're obvious targets they like grazing in open spaces and rarely go uphill. lyn march scattered across the reserve reflect a history of. people first began using caves and overhanging rocks as dwellings

times. alone is where the ancestors of. they built stone fortifications overlooking mountain paths so they'd be more easily defensible. in those days even tempered was unable to cross this territory. block the mountain passes and pelted his troops with stones. these tel was built in the middle ages. period dates back to the fourteenth or seventeenth century. the most celebrated architectural landmarks of ancient north it they differ in height and shape as a rule extended families lived in short towers. were used as lookout points and for other defensive purposes the towers were built close to villages and

in gorges with paths used by troops on foot and on horseback many were extensions of forbidding clips. protection from. was served as. if people manning which tell was in the lowest lying villages at the entrance to the door which noticed approaching enemy troops then they would lead. people in so the smoke. was in remote parts of the gold. in accordance with a long standing tradition. was to take no more than a year if builders failed to meet the deadline the structure was pulled down and built a new towers belonging to the same clan were regarded as sanctuaries in due course they became symbols of the clans power and wealth as time went by they turned into veritable objects of worship.

one of the most revered sanctuaries of the people is a medieval architectural site called the. located in the gorge one thousand eight hundred meters above sea level. well i can test indicates that here. from here in the tenth or eleventh century. this fence was built a couple of centuries later the. initially in orthodox church was here but orthodoxy grew weaker it was turned into a pagan sanctuary. city to discos and animals killed by hunters were brought here. scientists don't yet know exactly when the

recall was built only logs were used to make it no nails or anything made of. carved poles support the wooden roof they feature patterns that look like a camel's head resting on a long neck. arrow and spirit heads have been found here according to legend the oldest city in prince tar was kept here. in travelers visiting this place in the eighteenth century saw it. only natural features are destined to be the reserves eternal landmarks. over the centuries water and wind have crafted unique mountain landscapes. many of them are hidden from the inquisitive eyes of tourists. only the staff of

the nature reserve are aware of their location. this will funnel is cool to the ring it's a unique natural feature of this sanctuary. and the river has broken through limestone beds here to make a hole in the shape of a ring there was a reflector that it forms a rainbow. wonderfalls like this one are rare not only in the caucasus but in the entire world the stone is about two metres wide. its broadest part consists of three layers of limestone the age of the rock is estimated between one hundred and one hundred twenty million years. or more that's . absolutely. i would say it's the standard for natural water. in the limestone of the kerry range there also is crystal clear up to filtering

through many kilometers of limestone not over. the cut since q canyon with rock terraces grados and knishes begins right under the ring waterfall it took the car to go on mountain stream. thousands of years to force its way through the rock. swaying many tones tumble down from cliff tops and terrace such as a stream of lines in loops through the stones and. this is where. the true very clean water for life but it's a rare species in the mountain streams of the caucasus. the canyons must seawalls date back to the period in winter they're covered with heights. known as we thin walls because of the constantly dripping water in summer

. the reserves melt and streams overflow their banks in early spring but they're not the main threat to the mountain paths rockslide said in with the arrival of warm weather. every month we give you the future we help you understand how to get there and want to bring the best in science and technology from across russia and around the world join us acknowledging update on r g.

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spring called open mating season in the mountains of the north reserve. this is the best time for observing what are otherwise quite secretive animals and scientists take full advantage of the opportunity. getting to their habitats is quite a problem avalanches stand in the way. one of them has blocked the road leading to the field done gorge where rangers have seen caucasian goats. you. know we'll have to walk.

here. we'll try to take. the train. the reserves. hundred fifty each season. usually slides down slowly from the slope. of dry snow. place yes. in north especially.

since the snow. and. nobody was hit by snow but the road was entirely blocked. grazing. the rangers will have to go on foot to reach them. i mean the several on security a few days ago about a week ago sunk in since then was it higher then i'm sure a couple of metres all right let's go then. some time ago there was a good chance of people encountering caucasian goats on the mountain paths today scientists tend to observe them through their binoculars these graceful animals prefer the higher altitudes. cohesion goats have no difficulty clearing

steep slopes they almost never slip off as they know how to spread their center of gravity evenly and choose the right foot hold and they have no fear of heights. the east caucasian variety of goats inhabits this reserve it's possible to tell them apart by the shape of their horns. with them flow for. in the form of a partial spiral. like this like it but. it's the right horn phones to the left and the left horn points to the right. cohesion goats or wild animals but high in the mountains and they often allow rock climbers to come surprisingly close. at the most of the width this is typically

a matter of ten meters you think those who got used to the presence of people are the only. quite tolerant of them near the training camps of for rock climbers and the more when they camp out for the night up in the mountains. there are many fascinating routes for climbing and within the reserve. they often use the cliff faces and glaciers for training any is always fraught with risk . a small cliff is the best place for training and testing out new gear right. careful as they go down from here.

in an extreme situation there was strong gusts of wind during our ascent visibility was a me a ten meter in those conditions we couldn't climb down from the top of the mountain i was a beginner in rock climbing that was my third climb needless to say i was. a wise climber never ventures into the mountains alone three climbers is the minimal number. summer is the ideal season for challenging climbs. in spring climbers examine the best way to get out the mountains work out new routes and compare mountain terrain with its map descriptions. going to the. well let's try and climb through that snow there and come from the right side through the rock. shooting rock steer. well we'll

see when we reach the place. which i thought ok let's get going. climbing even to the lower peaks of the mountain range takes no small effort. the air is humid and rarefied the sun is blinding snow may collapse at any moment the climbers have to exert themselves to conquer the flat mountain. in accordance with tradition one setup the summit rock climbers drink tea with bitter chocolate. to help yourself. but you hear what attracts me to the mountains that's the most difficult question i can think of i don't think any climber or family stream sports could answer it simply i enjoy rock climbing and the beautiful landscape. descends on the mountains rapidly and in

spring the weather can change very quickly the climbers need to get down as fast as possible. mazes receiving. their group reached the top at thirteen forty five when beginning of the descend what's the weather like just fine everything's ok going down. thanks. the reserve is situated along the buck avoid range where the slopes are steep and rocky some of the peaks are four and a half kilometers above sea level rocks stones in glaciers are scattered all around . discussed the scheme resort is situated in the glaciers melt in

a series korea gorge. reserve staff get down to the most important work at the height of the springtime ski season. they're going to release this small bison herd into the wild for the time being the animals graze in a special pen. these bison have lived in captivity since birth the blood of a wild ox by the name of cub because flows in their veins. was sent to

a private nursery after being caught in one thousand nine hundred seven by the russian emperor while on a hunting expedition when all the bison had been exterminated in the north caucasus it was come cause at the forefront of the restoration of the caucasian bison subspecies. this is a great grandson of guff caused by the name of the dole was born in one thousand nine hundred twenty five but there were as far as i can gather he was the forefather all the caucasian subspecies of the bison in the one nine hundred thirty s. he was taken toscanini in over a soviet nature reserve there he made to do with female bill aris by certain that was the origin of a bison subspecies with cookies in blood. since early this morning reserve staff have been trying to compel the bison to enter special cages for transportation. during their quarantine period animals became accustomed to their pen and learn to trust people so they're in no hurry to go out

and the wild. after several and successful attempts one of the females is lurd into the cage now the herd will follow suit mice and are known for their matriarchal behavior. come on faster. well done. the bison steadfastly endured their temporary captivity all on their way to their new habitat. the return of caucasian bison to the wild is a joint project undertaken by the north the such a nature reserve and the world wildlife fund. there are things ready. yes let's go. to the wild grays nearby. it's not yet known whether they'll accept or reject

their newcomers. the forests and the mountains are beyond human influence through. all that's left for the reserve staff to do is monitor the animals and preserve this protected area of the north caucasus. houses apartments cars appliances in so many years until they come to visit you. do you think the property bought on credit really belongs to you deep in debt on r t.

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and see how this. business. party continues to cover the wildfires raging in parts of russia destroying homes villages and lives. and there is still no end in sight for the country despite the efforts of thousands of firefighters soldiers and volunteers. confession and extortion guantanamo bay's youngest prisoner detained at just fifteen is facing military trial for crimes he says he was tortured into admitting

. your sins all the most watched people in the most c.c.t.v. cameras capita than any other nation and it's here at the university of red saying that the new surveillance system is being developed. big brother is watching the e.u. plans to install surveillance systems on airplanes anger british human rights campaigners for violating privacy. and freedom denied us prisoners who've been granted parole are seeking are seeing the decision overturned critics say they're falling victim to political ambition. six am in moscow thanks very much for joining us here on r t our top story the

toxic cloud of smog that's been hanging over the city seems to be retreating due to a change in wind direction and an unexpected thunderstorm over the russian capital but city residents are concerned the pollution could soon return as wildfires still raged in more than twenty regions of russia firefighters military and volunteers are working around the clock to stop the flames from spreading and put out the blazes artes and use and now way has visited some of the devastated villages where help came simply to wait. for about one hundred fifty kilometers southeast of moscow in one of the worst affected areas due to these fires we managed to find one of the few remaining standing homes if that's what you can call it really on this block that we found that's been destroyed completely i just want to take a look inside with you you can see the stove which is still out where the floor was the entire floor has collapsed in of course the chimney is still standing which is the case in many of these fires and then someone's bad of course you have to

remember it's just a bad but someone left in this bed and then the next day there everything they owned everything they knew was destroyed in a matter of minutes let's take a look now at the surrounding areas of this house and what was probably this family's farm area it's been completely destroyed you can see the entire earth here is black and then you go over to what was obviously this family's neighboring family and their entire house has been leveled only the chimney is standing as you can see this is of course you have to remember the picture across russia this is not just where things like this have happened we're getting estimates now but to rebuild the destruction that has already been done remembering that these fires are continuing is some fifteen billion dollars the list. has been a tremendous tragedy for russian and of course for the people for russia rather and of course for the people of russia and it's not clear when this is going to end and how authorities will eventually get the situation under control. the common tragedy has united.