about the most elementary of materials that helped build our civilization and still find innovative new applications today the soviet metallurgical industry was blasting past competitors around the same time heavy metal started blasting out speakers by the time the country we crawled the us to become the world's top steel producer of the year of judas priest first album in one nine hundred seventy four russian metal makers have long been world class dimitri to know who's known as the father of russian metallurgy is nineteenth century discovery of crucial temperature points and still casting changed the industry forever even earlier puzzles and no self and over her own place scientific base and metal alloy research and steel artillery the russian empire may have been a metallurgical foundation but soviet modernization drives in the twenty's and thirty's build new hubs like big need a ghost and helped ready the country for intense industrial demands in world war two wartime production greatly expanded the geography of soviet metalworking setting the groundwork for a real explosion of output in the post-war years that still underpins the industry

in the post soviet space today. bush is among the world's leaders and digging up and pumping out perhaps the most historically coveted of all elements shiny number seventy nine gold. while the first to lose the all gold deposits in russia were found in the urals in the early nineteenth century the country's eastern regions have been the site of many gold rushes and now a longstanding extraction industry since much of the territory was underdeveloped in rugged and twentieth century gold miners conquered literally uncharted territory on route to making the soviet union the number two gold producer on the planet and gold digging in russia is no mere blast from the past just tesco you sold it to russia's largest and one of the world's prominent purveyors of our beloved buoy on the outward appearance of the operation is changed significantly as we're barely finding reverse still running with nuggets but with the help of new and improved technology the use is now calling pounds of gold out of oceans of essentially. top

soil. or from the poles it also contains such elements as carbon. and resists the soil and i process through which gold is normally. developed. which helps us to screen out the resistance elements. increase gold extraction levels as compared to traditional techniques. and bio reaching approaches have just come into fashion in the gold industry over the last two decades with differing methods developed in major mining in research countries several of the key bacteria and extraction system used by poles use our russian handiwork so what's all the fuss about exactly it may not look like gold just yet but it comes out cheaper more energy efficient and with fewer environmentally harmful byproducts than traditional methods relying on heat and pressure. serious scientific and engineering challenge the solution developed. and implemented in the cross. is

unique not only for russia but for the international market as well it's unique for enterprises operating in remote regions of the far north. it was a successful solution to the basic science behind bio oxidation is the introduction of bacterial cultures which oxidized the predominant latched on to the precious gold we're trying to get at. coming from each new site can vary content. and their competitors are always in search of new and improved cultures. in place have doubled savings and increased extraction rates by fifteen to twenty percent. gold as number one and in terms of production volume. and it has the most advanced in terms of high tech methods. so what's the payoff for that kind of positioning for the first half of two thousand and ten. some fifteen flu. six tons of pure gold

from reported sales over six hundred million u.s. dollars with demand in prices for the rich man's rock on the up and up they can take any technological advantage straight to the bank. the only element that will cost you an arm and a leg russia is also rich and so-called precious metals are more than worth their weight only eight of these metals passed through the refining research laboratories have crespigny it in the siberian city of. their discount brand at a mere seven hundred fifty bucks a kilo they also process well over ninety percent of russia's significant platinum and palladium commodities with prices measured in the tens of thousands of dollars per kilo inside the lab itself they're more interested in measurements than the flow of banknotes crunching the numbers to tell russian in foreign clients what's worth extracting the basic and you hear. from various companies that explore and develop metal suppose it see pretty much that they do get found. us.

we starting to test it for gold. deposits be consistent perspective the all must contain gold particles equivalent to at least one granpa ten that grim is separated from the surrounding sludge through a process known as jubilation which oxidizes base metals like lead copper zinc and arsenic isolate the precious metal in question here a small piece of crushed school is a process that's been around in primitive forms for millennia conducted with unprecedented person in the twenty first century because to admit laboratory both analyzes for its contents and refine what they're given to obtain a pure product ready for use in a range of applications metals they're searching for turning out they're also equipped to analyze alloys of precious metals in total the factories laboratory has the modern equipment and technical savvy to sort through some one hundred down. and

she logical probes and here to satisfy outside clients as well as the company's internal production needs. in this laboratory and reanalyze the samples using techniques like inductively coupled plans murtala commission spectroscopic the oem to say to quit makes this lab unique because there's no other laboratory in russia that has the capacity to analyze samples of all the platinum group metals that's gold silver platinum palladium rhodium iridium ruth any. contest sample concentrates from one part per million which is one ten thousandth of a percent all the way up to one hundred percent. one attend by the london bali and market association to design them produce the international silverstone did which is basically a benchmark silverball it's a fairly complicated task the material must have a certain composition also we have to ensure homage an a.s.e.

and proper distribution of attitudes but thanks to our expertise in the use of various methods and hines tech facilities we manage to rise to the occasion and come up with a quality sounded that is now used across the world. while the super standard is certainly handy for other analysts the jury question it turns out has an even wider appeal they're among the top producers of gold jewelry in the russian federation with tons upon tons of fourteen karat chains and necklaces leaving the assembly lines each year for the more discerning buyers there are also the makers of more creative accessories combining a whole range of precious metals and still. all the glitters is gold and not all that precious a custom it is for gifting and glamour the platinum group metals they process are prized not just for their shine on your neck or finger but for unique properties ideal in agriculture in india. three the cools you see here are made from an alloy

supplied them with other precious metals like rhodium palladium and retaining them all refined and ninety nine point nine five percent purity at their facilities. these alloy coils are he treated shaped and separated into fine threads and the platinum makes threads are split down to the size required for the ultimate application. in this case the work is for cross fit minutes catalyst minutes. in a chemical reaction a catalyst just like the guy did starts the fight but comes out at the end untouched. platinum group metals are particularly useful catalysts because they're largely resistant to chemical reactions they're also stable electrically and can effectively sustain at high temperatures. once these nets are woven or they're treated with a hydrogen torch did leaves them ready for installation. at the end of the production process the catalyst cause looks like this

a fine mesh of ninety five percent platinum and five percent rhodium alloy finished products like this disc are ideal for use in the high pressure high temperature process of making nitric acid which is used to make our fertilizers due to his use platinum mellowing catalysts like the ones in your car's catalytic converter reducing your gas guzzlers toxic emissions it's not going to be precious is bought them to play an important role in our lives and that's certainly true of the world's most abundant metal aluminum rushes home to the world's biggest aluminum producing conglomerate who sell which now controls over twelve percent of the global market still even before the volatility in aluminum prices that came with the financial crisis in two thousand and eight the top dog has been techonomy looking for innovative ways to make better products more cost effective pure aluminum is worth roughly two thousand dollars a tonne but when you strengthen it in an alloy with silicone or other additives you can roughly triple the. but you get that valuable products you have to make sure

you get the mix just right. fortunately the mix is being monitored by the magnetic hydrodynamic center and out of the polytechnic institute a. massive production facility. pioneered installations that help maximize the quality of the alloys produced in smelting using magnets. what's the mood of the year tony twenty one has announced they want a minimum of fifty percent of their production to be aluminum and these are very ambitious plans being implemented for that the company needs to introduce new melting and casting equipment including new founding machines magnetic hydrodynamic mixers and other installations. the designers of dissent well aware of devalued their ideas their blueprints and products are in demand not just down the road if he sells facility but on the international market as well they've concluded to deal

with the european division of the top aluminum production of quipping company i'll stick to distribute their m.h.d. mixing hardware to clients outside russia meanwhile the main task is to make sure the next great idea in the field is there is. there is one of our installations this used to simulate a model physical process is occurring naturally and. this is the magnetic mix one of our key products you can see how it works in this physical model it's mixing of the molten metal is in juice here by the magnetic field it's a very convenient way to study the exchange of piece and weight in the finest during the mixing process analyze the operations on the whole and to find the most effective modes of using the magnetic hydrodynamic make sense. has been designed in one tenth the scale of typical industrial furnace is which helps us to check the performance and other characteristics before the project is physically implemented the projects could run up to ten. millions of dollars and the customers are

interested in the highest degree of precision when setting up these physical models to study what can actually be happening inside the future and. significantly impacting the quality and consistency of the end product. even in the best mixing methods used magnetic impulses creating peak levels. lower levels of the periphery in addition to the larger current small swirls move the metal at the edges and transfer the heat energy magnet driven mixing helps to level out the temperature in under five minutes making for even quality alloy less likely to corrode. that work for the federal space agency requests that we provide thin aluminum cable for aircraft that's an industry where it's the weight that counts most. and the. magnetic

crystals. shape and. magnetic field it doesn't have any contact with it's followed by the process of. the resulting aluminum rod had a very fine structure we did the first time equality badge which proves you can make . something no other russian laboratory has been able to do so far the method of electro magnetic. to produce. this is in the way. it has been i'm taking with the make it usable as a. power supply and aviation. so the initial supply of bronze was successfully used in the assembly of several. as i've heard the technology of electromagnetic. has been listed as part. the technical

requirements for those type of aircraft but. we received a large order for these rugs and they're now busy filling it with. the. unofficial word has it that the next plane outfitted with a lightweight aluminum wiring might be just weak sukhoi the fifty fighter jet. still shrouded in much secrecy with just a few test flights under its belt in a few years until full scale production obviously more than one medal goes into making planes and we be flying nowhere with rock solid twenty two titanium. that titanium a takeoff aboard an american boeing or european air buses but it's tacked on and factories in the form of russia. is in fact the world's largest producer of titanium and through contracts and joint ventures like boeing they're proving their metal on the next generation of passenger jet liners the moscow state aviation

technological institute might see also has years of experience testing titanium above the clouds but of course there are experimental work starts in earthly laboratories and before anything gets added to the assembly of any aircraft they are testing different types of metal for their suitability despite being part of the flyboy family their research has recently uncovered some of metallic magic it's intended to help the more grounded among us. aviation projects our institute develop some unique technology is there are currently also used for various medical applications. the technologies are based on titanium alloy it's known simply as the composite was actually discovered by u.s. naval researchers back in one thousand sixty two but due to production complexities it's the only game proper appreciation in the last two decades when its founding.

seem to use in their arena in planetology is intriguing because it exhibits both cheap memory ensued to allow us to city this means that through manipulations and temperature and stress the material can be deformed it will and reliably return back to give you a better idea of how did it know works in action we've constructed a quick experiment using this implant for patients with a sunken chest you can see i can bend it out of shape because we've chilled it on ice but when i drop it in warm water i can bring it back in a second's time useful here because of its capacity for reversible solid state phase transformation above a temperature fixed by the producers of each net no alloy the metal has a simple interpenetrating cubic crystal structure at lower temperatures it spontaneously transforms to a more complex clinic crystal structure this makes the substance easily deformable but with the reversed temperature shift it reverts. waterstreet the implant to its original shape with impressive force the human body is sturdier than the beater but

it's important to keep the transformation under tight control. because the main problem is to ensure the proper range of temperature within which the material can change its shape it's vital for medicine to have exactly thirty six point six degrees celsius. in the lower species. only we can provide such a curiously because we've developed the technology to give the same chunk of metal a transition temperature anywhere from minus thirty three to plus seventy degrees that within that it could be basically any temperature that would best fit a specific product with. alli pioneered by my t. is already finding its place in practice helping improve human lives one of our most important protective devices as humans is our the enclosure from our spine to our breast bone either holds in or hampers the functioning of our most. vital

organs. are patient here on technology update who will simply called suffers from a defamation in that crucial area a sunken chest bone that she says has caused her pain and hindered her in her physical personal and professional life to free her heart and lungs from the stress of the condition doctors will implant in it no bridge much like the one used in our studio experiment. material provokes no one wanted reaction from the body is that the employer has been designed to last for the rest of the patient's life. is definitely an invasive procedure requiring narcosis and sizable chest incision. but the advice of cut just doctors in the promise of a permanent solution to a lifelong problem made the choice of surgery a no brainer. fortunately the material is time tested and tailor made for this kind

of abuse and just caretakers are very experienced. is the x. ray taken eight days off to the operation you can see the nickel to tanian bridge implanted into the rib cage holding the chest in the proper position the difference is really clear on the lateral x. ray book award. this is the same bridge viewed from a different angle this is the breast bone right now it's in the right position before the operation it went in like this a concave defamation of the chest there were those who wish. to lead to a more active lifestyle now. without fearing negative effects on my heart or my lungs yes or no compared to all the time i suffered the operation was really quick and painless. many others like her to breathe

easier but it's hardly breached the outer limits of its potential variations have been constant toxicology in definition testing to see what problems it might help solve next it's already found its way into golf clubs years and bending spoons but the mighty team is most convinced of its prospects in medical implant ology be it a joint replacement vital stents orthodontics or prosthetics. has a bright helpful future. titanium maybe the so called space age metal but we're still making breakthroughs with. number twenty six the periodic table sign me. up and coming company based in the girls reaching city of paris their specialty is turning affordable iron based alloys into high performing equipment for the oil and gas sector in particular so-called electric submersible pumps piece made to pull

petroleum up from deep beneath your surface under often uninviting conditions it's a complete production cycle from raw metal materials to the constituent parts to the packed off and ready pumps to e.s.p.'s along in close to that houses both the motor and the rotating stages that make up the plant in its shape and purpose the never met product may not look unique but the stories in the meadow. we had to push were innovations i mean new types of products unique on the market tests showed a significant increase in the between two some of the pump stages of the same design the first being custom old but the second two using the method methods increased efficiency by several points up to five points which is a very serious push to shift. the trait to push up the performance instead of being poured liquid hot into a mold and then cast this status or stamped out of irony copper alloy powder aside from saving. energy heating the middle of the great melted temperatures the powder

method allows for better flexibility combining and shaping materials produces parts with better balance and less energy loss through vibration in the field and overall improved precision and surface roughness to optimize the flow of the pumps liquid. now even though these parts are made of compressed metals like iron and i haven't exactly been doing my time in the weight room i can still snap them with my bare hands so to make them stronger we have to stick them in the oven and crank up the heat. inside at this stage is there subjected to high pressure and five hundred plus degree celsius heat which not only for just iron copper alloys together but compresses and strengthens the whole stage. metallurgy did under the production is hardly knew it was developed by the russian scientists. in the eighteenth twenties to make. these methods already includes most of the basics

used in the modern era as machine building exploded in the twentieth century so too did the waste from the forging of even the smallest metal detail particularly in the postwar context. on this valuable waste brought back more precise. matters after the manufacturing of the stages there passed on for chemical treatment that's vital to making them ready for action deep under the earth the conditions for oil and gas drilling and pumping are increasingly inverse the older and more easily accessible wells. already pioneered only cintra. designed to better withstand the long months of sand blasting they're sure to receive underground and well known homes are now proven to work for a competitive warranty period of nearly three years they're doing laboratory tests to see if the nano train can give them another boost a large part of their operation is committed to simulating downhole dynamics to test new components and then in. newbies might be just the ticket.

that have undergone a series of tests on our equipment used to be new and shiny like this but this one has undergone serious degradation from the factors common inside oil wells to apply and to make the stage more effective a case where. in this situation the application of the nano spray toasting carbide coating looks like an effective way of protecting the existing stages without further massive investment reforging the parts entirely out of such expensive. initially the investment will be. another billion will come from macau invest the income generated at the fest a job will be channeled to develop the projects. we plan to invest some twenty.

in the big oil and gas game that plays with massive companies gushing profits they might not seem to pinpoint accuracy is the key focus when it comes to producing the machinery to pump the black stuff from down below small parts can have a big impact on the overall efficiency and it turns out. the right or wrong just might make a mile of difference. see who said. about metals just check back with us periodically and in enjoyed them. the global economy.

the four way race is on for a newly discovered oil in the eastern mediterranean with israel and lebanon resorting to threats of war to stake their claim. insider trading illegal for the average american but not if you are a senator our team looks at how u.s. officials are using legal loopholes to line their pockets. and russia comes top for youth violence and knife crime in a world health organization study but there are some signs of improvement. american support for a kurdish only police force causes interethnic tension in iraq's cultural melting pot critics say violence is inevitable once the u.s. pulls out. russia still produces look at the domestic market for boosting profits and recent changes and tax law and other incentives are making that market more

attractive that and other stories coming up in our business program. it is ten am in the russian capital you're watching r.t. was marina joshie welcome to the program now recently discovered oil reserves in the eastern mediterranean looks set to become the latest point of tension in the troubled region at least four major competitors are staking their claim israel lebanon turkey and cyprus all want a peace but it was no clearly defined maritime borders five could be a lengthy bitter and even bloody policy or takes a closer look. prayer is a long time in coming. i've been begging for a year a year please lord don't let me downs don't let me down and finally jackie malaysia's praise have been unsaid.