still find innovative new applications today the soviet metallurgical industry was blasting past competitors around the same time heavy metal started blasting out speakers by the time the country to be proud the us to become the world's top steel producer of the year of judas priest first album in one nine hundred seventy four russian metal makers have long been world class denise rich enough was known as the father of russian metallurgy was nineteenth century discovery of crucial temperature points and still casting changed the industry forever even earlier puzzles and no self and over her someplace scientific base in metal alloy research and steel artillery the russian empire may have been a metallurgical foundation but soviet modernization drives in the twenty's and thirty's build new hubs like big need a ghost and help to ready the country for intense industrial demands in world war two wartime production greatly expanded the geography of soviet metalworking setting the groundwork for a real explosion of output in the post-war years that still underpins the industry in the post soviet space today. bush is among the world's leaders in digging up and

pumping out perhaps the most historically coveted of all elements shiny number seventy nine gold while the first to lose the all gold deposits in russia were found in the urals in the early nineteenth century the country's eastern regions have been the site of many gold rushes and now a longstanding extraction industry since much of the territory was underdeveloped in rugged and twentieth century gold miners conquered literally uncharted territory on route to making the soviet union the number two gold producer on the planet and gold digging in russia is no mere blast from the past just tesco you sold it to russia's largest and one of the world's prominent purveyors of our beloved the outward appearance of the operation is changed significantly as we're barely finding reversed still running with nuggets but with the help of new and improved technology to use is now cooling pounds of gold out of oceans of essentially typical topsoil for the herd a bid for the gold or from the n.p.r. to.

and resists the soil in that process through which gold is normally. developed. which helps us to. increase gold extraction levels as compared to traditional techniques. beaching approaches have just come into fashion in the gold industry over the last two decades with differing methods developed in major mining in research countries several of the key bacteria and extraction system used by. our russian handy work so what's all the fuss about exactly it may not look like gold just yet but it comes out cheaper more energy efficient and with fewer environmentally harmful byproducts than traditional methods relying on heat and pressure. syria is scientific and engineering challenge the solution developed. and implemented in the cross. is unique not only for russia but for the international

market as well it's unique for enterprises operating in remote regions of the far north. it was a successful solution the basic science behind bio oxidation is the introduction of bacterial cultures which oxidized the predominant latched on to the precious gold we're trying to get at. each new content. and their competitors are always in search of new and improved cultures. in place have doubled savings and increased extraction rates by fifteen to twenty percent. number one and in terms of production volume. and it has the most advanced in terms of high tech methods. so what's the payoff for that kind of positioning for the first half of two thousand and ten. some fifteen point six tons of pure gold and reported sales over six hundred. million u.s.

dollars we demand in prices for the rich man's rock on the up and up they can take any technological advantage straight to the bank. the only element that will cost you an arm and a leg russia is also rich in its so-called precious metals that are more than worth their weight only eight of these metals passed through the refining research laboratories have crespigny it in the siberian city of. their discount brand at a mere seven hundred fifty bucks a kilo they also process well over ninety percent of russia's significant platinum and palladium output commodities with prices measured in the tens of thousands of dollars per kilo inside the lab itself they're more interested in measurements than the flow of banknotes crunching the numbers to tell russian in foreign clients what's worth extracting the basic and you hear. from various companies that explore and develop metal suppose it see pretty much if they do get found. us.

we starting to test it for gold. deposits be consistent perspective the all must contain gold particles equivalent to at least one gram protection that grim is separated from the surrounding sludge through a process known as cuba lation which oxidizes base metals like lead copper zinc and arsenic isolate the precious metal in question here a small piece of crushed school is a process that's been around in primitive forms for millennia conducted with unprecedented perception in the twenty first century because she admits laboratory both analyzes for its contents and refine what they're given to obtain a pure product ready for use in a range of applications of its metals they're searching for turning out they're also equipped to analyze alloys of precious metals in total the factories laboratory has the modern equipment and technical savvy to sort through some one hundred thousand geological probes in a year to satisfy outside clients as. what was the company's internal production

needs. in this laborious reanalyze the samples using techniques like inductively coupled plans more atomic commission spectroscopic the oem to say to quit makes this lab unique because there's no other laboratory in russia that has the capacity to analyze samples of all the platinum group metals that's gold silver platinum palladium rhodium iridium ruth any him and. test sample concentrates from one part per million which is one ten thousandth of a percent all the way up to one hundred percent. one attend by the london bali and market association to design them produce the international silver stunted which is basically a benchmark silverball it's a fairly complicated task the material must have a certain composition also we have to ensure hommage an a.s.e. and proper distribution of additives but thanks to our expertise in the use of

various methods and hindsight facilities we manage to rise to the occasion and come up with a quality sounded that is now used across the world. while the super standard is certainly handy for other analysts the jury question it turns out has an even wider appeal they're among the top producers of gold jewelry in the russian federation with tons upon tons of fourteen karat chains and necklaces leaving the assembly lines each year for the more discerning buyers there also the makers are more creative accessories combining a whole range of precious metals and still. all the glitters is gold and not all that's precious because it is for gifting and glamour the platinum group metals they process are prized not just for their shine on your neck or finger but for unique properties ideal in every culture in industry because you see here are made from an alloy supply. them with other precious metals like rhodium

palladium and retaining all refined ninety nine point nine five percent purity at their facilities. these alloy coils are he treated shaped and separated into fine threads and the platinum makes threads are split down to the size required for the ultimate application. in this case the work is for christie admits catalysts nets. in a chemical reaction a catalyst just like the guy that starts the fight but comes out at the end untouched. platinum group metals are particularly useful catalysts because they're largely resistant to chemical reactions they're also stable electrically and can effectively sustain at high temperatures. once these nets are woven they're treated with a hydrogen torch did leaves them ready for installation. at the end of the production process the catalyst cause looks like this a fine mesh of ninety five percent platinum and five percent rhodium alloy finished

products like this disk are ideal for use in the high pressure high temperature process of making nitric acid which is used to make our fertilizers due to his use platinum mellowing catalysts like the ones in your car's catalytic converter reducing your gas guzzlers toxic emissions it's not going to be precious is bought them to play an important role in our lives and that's certainly true of the world's most abundant metal aluminum rush is home to the world's biggest aluminum producing conglomerate whose which now controls over twelve percent of the global market still even before the volatility in aluminum prices that came with the financial crisis in two thousand and eight the top dog has been techonomy looking for innovative ways to make better products more cost effective cure aluminum is worth roughly two thousand dollars a ton but when you strengthen it in an alloy with silicon or other additives you can roughly triple that value but you get that valuable products you have to make.

sure you get the mix just right. fortunately the mix is being monitored by the magnetic hydrodynamic center and out of the polytechnic institute. massive production facility in. the clay near to installations that help maximize the quality of the alloys produced in smelting using magnets. with the should what's the mood of the year tony twenty one has announced they want a minimum of fifty percent of their production to be aluminum and these are very ambitious plans but they are being implemented for that the company needs to introduce new melting and casting equipment including new forty machines magnetic hydrodynamic mixers and other installations. the designers of the center well aware of devalued their ideas their blueprints and products are in demand not just down the road if he sells facility but on the international market as well they've concluded to deal with the european division of the top aluminum production

equipment company i'll stick to distribute their m.h.d. mixing hardware to clients outside russia meanwhile the main task is to make sure the next great idea in the field is there as. there is one of our installations this used to simulate a model physical process is occurring naturally and mess illegible furnace says this is the magnetic mix one of our key products you can see how it works in this physical model it's mixing of the most and metal is in juice here by the electro magnetic field it's a very convenient way to study the exchange of peace and weight in the finest during the mixing process analyze the operations on the whole and to find the most effective modes of using the magnetic hydrodynamic make sense. has been designed in one tenth the scale of typical industrial fantasists which helps us to check the performance and other characteristics before the project is physically implemented the projects could run up to tens of millions of dollars so both weigh in the customer interested in the high. degree of precision when setting up these physical

models to study what can actually be happening inside the future. significantly impacting the quality and consistency of. even things in the best mixing methods used magnetic impulses creating. lower levels of the periphery in addition to the larger current small swirls move the metal at the edges and transfer the heat energy magnet driven mixing helps to level out the temperature in under five minutes making for even quality alloy less likely to corrode. that work for the federal space agency requests that we provide thin aluminum cable for aircraft that's an industry where it's the weight that counts most. and the. magnetic crystals. shape and.

magnetic field it doesn't have any contact with it's followed by the process of. the resulting aluminum rod had a very fine structure we did the first time which proves you can make. something no other russian laboratory has been able to do so far from the method of electromagnetic. to produce. this is in the way. it has been i'm talking with the make it usable as a. palace supply in aviation. the initial supply was successfully used in the assembly of several planes. as i've heard the technology of electromagnetic. has been listed as part of the technical requirements produced. it. we received

a large order for these rugs and they're now busy filling it with. the. unofficial word has it that the next plane outfitted with a lightweight aluminum wiring might be discrete sukhoi t fifty fighter jet. still shrouded in much secrecy with just a few test flights under its belt in a few years until full scale production obviously more than one metal goes into making claims and we'd be flying nowhere with rock solid twenty two titanium. that titanium a takeoff aboard an american boeing or european air buses but it's tacked on and factories in the form of russia. is in fact the world's largest producer of titanium and through contracts and joint ventures like boeing they're proving their metal on the next generation of passenger jet liners the moscow state aviation technological institute. also has years of experience testing titanium above the

clouds but of course there are experimental work starts in earthly laboratories and before anything gets added to the assembly of any aircraft they are testing different types of metal for their suitability despite being part of the flyboy family their research has recently uncovered some of metallic magic it's intended to help the more grounded among us. aviation projects our institute develop some unique technology is there are currently it was also used for various medical applications. the technologies are based on nickel titanium alloy just known simply as the composite was actually discovered by u.s. naval researchers back in one thousand nine hundred eighty two but due to production complexities it's the only game proper appreciation in the last two decades when its founding increase in use in their arena in planetology. because it

exhibits both cheap memory ensued to allow us to city this means to get through manipulations in temperature and stress the material can be deformed it will and reliably return back to give you a better idea of how did it know works in action we've constructed a quick experiment using this implant for patients with the sunken chest you can see i can bend it out of shape because we've chilled it on ice but when i drop it in warm water i can bring it back in a second time as useful here because of its capacity for reversible solid state phase transformation above a temperature fixed by the producers of each net no alloy the metal has a simple interpenetrating cubic crystal structure at lower temperatures it spontaneously transforms to a more complex clinic crystal structure this makes the substance easily deformable but with a reversed temperature shift it reverts. waterstreet the implant to its original shape with impressive force the human body is sturdier than it beat her but it's

important to keep the transformation under tight control. which is the main problem is to ensure the proper range of temperature within which the material can change its shape it's vital for medicine to have exactly thirty six point six degrees celsius. and though the. only we can provide such a cure is to because we've developed the technology to give the same chunk of metal a transition temperature anywhere from minus thirty three to plus seventy degrees that within that it could be basically any temperature that would best fit a specific project with. the alley pioneered by my t. is already finding its place in practice helping improve human lives one of our most important protective devices as humans is our the enclosure from our spine to our breast bone either holds in or hampers the functioning of our most vital organs . our position here on technology update we will simply call kucha

suffers from a defamation in that crucial area a sunken chest bone this she says has caused her pain and hindered her in her physical personal and professional life to free her heart and lungs from the stress of the condition doctors will inflate emit northbridge much like the one used in our studio experiment. just. provokes no one wanted reaction from the body is that the employer has been designed to last for the rest of the patient's life. is definitely an invasive procedure requiring narcosis and sizable chest incisions. but the advice of cut just doctors in the promise of a permanent solution to a lifelong problem made the choice of surgery a no brainer. fortunately the materialist time tested in tailor made for this kind of use and just caretakers are very experienced.

is the x. ray taken eight days off to the operation you can see the nickel to tanian bridge implanted into the rib cage holding the chest in the proper position the difference is really clear on the lateral x. ray book award. this is the same bridge viewed from a different angle this is the breast bone right now it's in the right position before the operation it went in like this a concave defamation of the chest. who wish. to lead to more active lifestyle now. without fearing negative effects on my hearts or my lungs yes or no compared to all the time i suffered the operation was really quick and painless. made no has helped our friend. to breathe

easier but it's hardly reached the outer limits of its potential variations have been constant toxicology in definition testing to see what problems it might help solve next it's already found its way into golf clubs years and bending spoons but the mighty team is most convinced of its prospects in medical implant ology be it a joint replacement vital stents orthodontics or prosthetics. has a bright helpful future. titanium maybe the so called space age metal but we're still making breakthroughs with familiar old number twenty six the periodic table sign me. up and coming company based in the girls reaching city of paris their specialty is turning affordable iron based alloys into high performing equipment for the oil and gas sector in particular so-called electric submersible pumps were e.s.p.'s made to pull petroleum up from deep beneath your surface under often

uninviting conditions it's a complete production cycle from raw metal materials to the constituent parts to get packed off in ready pumps the e.s.p. is a long enclosed that houses both the motor and the rotating stages that make up the pump in it's cheap in purpose the never made product may not look unique but the stories in the meadow. we had to push were innovations i mean new types of products unique on the market tests showed a significant increase in the fish and sea between two some of the poem stages of the same design the first being close in a mold but the second to using the powder method methods increased efficiency by several points up to five points which is a very serious push to shift. the trick to push up the performance instead of being poured liquid hot into a mold and then cast this status or stamped out of ironing copper alloy powder aside from saving energy heating the middle to great temperatures the powder met.

it allows for better flexibility in combining and shaping materials produces parts with better balance and thus less energy loss through vibration in the field and overall improved precision and surface roughness to optimize the flow of the pump liquid. now even though these parts are made of compressed metals like iron and i haven't exactly been doing my time in the weight room i can still snap them with my bare hands so to make them stronger we have to stick them in the oven and crank up the. stages are subjected to high pressure and five hundred plus degree celsius sheet which not only for just iron copper alloys together but compress and spend strengthens the whole city. the idea of metallurgy did underpins never met the production is hardly new it was developed by the russian scientist. in the eighteenth twenties to make clones out of his methods already included most of the basics used in the modern era as machine building exploded in the twentieth

century so too did the waste from the forging of even the smallest metal detail particularly in the postwar context condom eyes on this valuable waste brought back more precise. matters after the manufacturing of the stages there passed on for chemical treatment that's vital to making them ready for action deep under the earth the conditions for oil and gas drilling and pumping are increasingly inverse the older and more easily accessible wells. has already pioneered their own central . design to better withstand the long months of sand blasting they're sure to receive underground and well known homes are now proven to work for a competitive warranty period of nearly three years they're doing laboratory tests to see if the nano train can give them another boost a large part of their operation is committed to simulating downhole dynamics to test new components and then the newbies might be just the ticket.

there is some of those that have undergone a series of tests on our equipment used to be new and shiny like this but this one has undergone serious degradation from the fact is common inside oil wells our idea is to apply a nano coating to make the stage door effective a case where in test in this situation the application of the nano spray tungsten carbide coating looks like an effective way of protecting the existing stages without further massive investment reforging the parts entirely out of such expensive. initially the investment will be a billion rubles or another four billion will come from macau invest the income generated at the first stage will also be channeled to develop the projects overall we plan to invest some twenty billion rubles. in the big oil and gas game that no plays with massive companies gushing profits it might not seem that pinpoint

accuracy is the key focus but when it comes to producing the machinery to pump the black stuff from down below small parts can have a big impact on the overall efficiency and it turns out the nana meters worth of the right or wrong just might make a mile of difference. see who said he had to sit through school to learn more about metals just check back with us periodically and in still enjoy the. cultures that so much time and which are the right kind of content so here is a corruption of one form or another is a cancer that eats away at countries and societies around the world that corruption is very much part of.

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one cold grim brand who told one cold closer than even told a role in the radio. the top stories from all sides most protested on all boundaries moskos pushing a set against me that long to live their lives its military presence in eastern european states which had joined us in the collapse of the soviet union as comes ahead of a russian a dishonest limits mom what a great shame the single missile defense system for the airlines out of the security world a center stage. turning all in kurdish controlled northern iraq with the is sectarian violence but the drop offs needed less troops in the region next president we creates for nation of secrets u.s. file sharing widespread total trends coming from has also claimed i would see the balance between cousins and friends. on days or as recent discovery of oil and gas prices as a history of the old new energy tensions are going against science first and learn

from that but in talking with him it's ready really shows our writing fragile and also they claims to the british field but disappointed by the speeds of an hour time borden's could mean top of the head. debate with these sleeves rolled up and close talk hospital about i his guys talk about corruption that's up next. the same. place. the story. hello and welcome to cross talk i'm peter lavelle corruption in one form or another is a cancer that eats away at countries and societies around.