elementary of materials that have helped build our civilization and still find innovative new applications today the soviet metallurgical industry was blasting past competitors around the same time heavy metal started blasting out speakers by the time the countries we crawled the us to become the world's top steel producer of the year of judas priest first album in one nine hundred seventy four russian metal makers have long been world class dimitri to know who is known as the father of russian metallurgy is nineteenth century discovery of crucial temperature points and still casting change the industry forever even earlier puzzles and no self in over her own place scientific base and metal alloy research and still artillery the russian empire may have been a metallurgical foundation but soviet modernization drives in the twenty's and thirty's build new hubs like big media ghost and helped ready the country for intense industrial demands in world war two more time production greatly expanded the geography of soviet metalworking setting the groundwork for a real explosion of output in the post-war years that still underpins the industry

in the post soviet space today. bush is among the world's leaders and digging up and pumping out perhaps the most historically coveted of all elements shiny number seventy nine gold while the first to lose the all gold deposits in russia were found in the urals in the early nineteenth century the country's eastern regions have been the site of many gold rushes and now a longstanding extraction industry since much of the territory was underdeveloped in brocade and twentieth century gold miners conquered literally uncharted territory on route to making the soviet union the number two gold producer on the planet and gold digging in russia is no mere blast from the past just test poll you sold to russia's largest and one of the world's prominent purveyors of our beloved the outward appearance of the operation is changed significantly as we're barely finding reverse still running with nuggets but with the help of new and improved technology the use is now calling pounds of gold out of oceans of essentially typical tops.

and resists the process through which gold is normally. developed. which helps us to. increase gold extraction levels as compared to traditional techniques. beaching approaches have just come into fashion in the gold industry over the last two decades we've developed in major mining in research countries several of the key bacteria and extraction system used by poles use our russian handiwork so what's all the fuss about exactly it may not look like gold just yet but it comes out cheaper more energy efficient and with fewer environmentally harmful byproducts than traditional methods relying on heat and pressure. syria is scientific and engineering challenge the solution developed. and

implemented on the cross. is unique not only for russia but for the international market as well it's unique for enterprises operating in remote regions of the far north. it was a successful solution to the basic science behind bio oxidase ation is the introduction of bacterial cultures which oxidized the predominant latched on to the precious gold we're trying to get at. coming from very content. and their competitors are always in search of new and improved cultures. in place have doubled savings and increased extraction rates by fifteen to twenty percent. number one and in terms of production volume. and it has the most advanced in terms of high tech methods. so what's the payoff for that kind of positioning for the first half of two thousand and ten. some fifteen point six. pure gold reported

sales over six hundred million u.s. dollars with him in prices for the rich man's rock on the up and up they can take any technological advantage straight to the bank. the only element that will cost you an arm and a leg russia is also rich and so-called precious metals are more than worth their weight only eight of these metals passed through the refining research laboratories have crespigny it in the siberian city of. their discount branded a mere seven hundred fifty bucks a kilo they also process well over ninety percent of russia's significant platinum and palladium commodity prices measured in the tens of thousands of dollars per kilo inside the lab itself they're more interested in measurements than the flow of banknotes crunching the numbers to tell russian in foreign clients what's worth extracting the case you can you hear. from various companies that explore and develop metal suppose it say pretty much they dig up some posts and bring them to

us. we start to test it for gold. deposits be consistent perspective the all must contain gold particles equivalent to at least one gram potential that grim is separated from the surrounding sludge through a process known as cuba lation which oxidizes base metals like lead copper zinc and arsenic isolate the precious metal in question here a small piece of crushed school is a process that's been around in primitive forms for millennia conducted with unprecedented perception in the twenty first century because he admits laboratory both analyzes crude for its contents and refines with they're given to obtain a pure product ready for use in a range of applications metals they're searching for turning out they're also equipped to analyze alloys of precious metals in total the factories laboratory has the modern equipment and technical savvy to sort through some one hundred thousand g. a lot. probes and here to satisfy outside clients as well as the company's internal

production needs. in this laboratory we analyzed the samples using techniques like inductively coupled plans murtala commission spectroscopic the oem to say to quit makes this lab unique because there's no other laboratory in russia that house the capacity to analyze samples of all the platinum group metals that's gold silver platinum palladium rhodium iridium ruth any. tree contest sample concentrates from one part per million which is one ten thousandth of a percent all the way up to one hundred percent. one attend by the london bali and market association to design them produce the international silverstone did which is basically a benchmark silverball it's a fairly complicated task the material must have a certain composition also we have to ensure hommage an a.s.e.

and proper distribution of additives but thanks to our expertise in the use of various methods and hindsight facilities we manage to rise to the occasion i come up with a quality sounded that is now used across the world. while the super standard is certainly handy for other analysts the jury crusted made turns out has an even wider appeal they're among the top producers of gold jewelry in the russian federation with tons upon tons of fourteen karat chains and necklaces leaving the assembly lines each year for the more discerning buyers there are also the makers of more creative accessories combining a whole range of precious metals and still. the glitters is gold and not all that precious because to me it is for gifting and glamour the plenum group metals they process are prized not just for their shine on your neck or finger but for unique properties ideal in every culture and industry. the

coolness you see here are made from an alloy supplied them with other precious metals like rhodium palladium and retaining all refined and ninety nine point nine five percent purity at their facilities. these alloy coils are he treated shaped and separated into fine threads and the platinum makes threads are split down to the size required for the ultimate application. in this case the work is for cross fit minutes catalyst minutes. in a chemical reaction a catalyst just like the guy did starts the fight but comes out at the end untouched. platinum group metals are particularly useful catalysts because they're largely resistant to chemical reactions they're also stable electrically and can effectively sustain at high temperatures. once these nets are woven or they're treated with a hydrogen torch did leaves them ready for installation. at the end of the production process the catalyst goes looks like this

a fine mesh of ninety five percent platinum and five percent rhodium alloy finished products like this disc are ideal for use in the high pressure high temperature process of making nitric acid which is used to make our fertilizers due to his use platinum mellowing catalysts like the ones in your car's catalytic converter reducing your gas guzzlers toxic emission arse it's not going to be precious bottom to play an important role in our lives and that's certainly true of the world's most abundant metal aluminum rushes home to the world's biggest aluminum producing conglomerate who sell which now controls over twelve percent of the global market still even before the volatility in aluminum prices that came with the financial crisis in two thousand and eight the top dog has been techonomy looking for innovative ways to make better products more cost effective pure aluminum is worth roughly two thousand dollars a tonne but when you strengthen it in an alloy with silicon or other additives you can roughly triple that value. but to get that valuable products you have to make

sure you get the mix just right. fortunately the mix is being monitored by the magnetic hydrodynamic center and out of the polytechnic institute. massive production facility. the pioneer installations that help maximize the quality of the alloys produced in smelting using magnets. with the should what's the mood of the year tony twenty dollars an ounce they want a minimum of fifty percent of their production to be aluminum and these are very ambitious plans but they are being implemented for that the company needs to introduce new melting and casting equipment including new forty machines magnetic hydrodynamic mixers and other installations. the designers of dissent well aware of devalued their ideas their blueprints and products are in demand not just down the road if he sells facility but on the international market as well they've concluded

to deal with the european division of the top aluminum production equipment company altaic to distribute their m.h.d. mixing hardware to clients outside russia meanwhile the main task is to make sure the next great idea in the field is there is. there is one of our installations this used to simulate a model physical process is occurring naturally and. this is the magnetic mix one of our key products you can see how it works on this physical model it's mixing of the molten metal is in juice here by the electro magnetic field it's a very convenient way to study the exchange of peace and weight in the finest during the mixing process analyze the operations on the whole and to find the most effective modes of using the magnetic hydrodynamic makes that is the nation has been designed in one tenth the scale of typical industrial fantasists which helps us to check the performance and other characteristics before the project is physically implemented the projects could run up to tens of millions. in the

customer interested in the highest degree of precision when setting up these physical models can actually be happening inside the future. significantly impacting the quality and consistency of the end product. even in the best mixing methods used magnetic impulses creating. in addition to the larger current small swirls move the metal at the edges and transfer the heat energy. to under five minutes making for even quality alloy less likely to corrode. that work for the federal space agency requests that we provide thin aluminum cable for aircraft industry where the weight that counts most. and the.

crystals. shape and. field it doesn't have any contact with. had a very fine structure we did the first time which proves you can make. something no other russian laboratory has been able to do so far from the method of electromagnetic. to produce. in the way. it has been in. the make it usable as a. power supply and aviation. the initial supply. the technology of electromagnetic. has been listed as part of the top.

required to produce type of aircraft. we received a large order for these drugs are now busy filling it with. the. unofficial word has it that the next plane outfitted with a lightweight aluminum wiring might be discrete sukhoi t fifty fighter jet is still still shrouded in much secrecy with just a few test flights under its belt in a few years until full scale production obviously more than one medal goes into making claims and we'd be flying nowhere with rock solid twenty two titanium. that titanium a takeoff aboard an american boeing or european air buses but it's a tax on and factories in the form of russia. is in fact the world's largest producer of titanium and through contracts and joint ventures like boeing they're proving their metal on the next generation of passenger jet liners there must be. technological institute might see also has years of experience testing

titanium above the clouds but of course there are experimental work starts in earthly laboratories and before anything gets added to the assembly of any aircraft they are testing different types of metal for their suitability despite being part of the flyboy family their research has recently uncovered some of metallic magic it's intended to help the more grounded among us. aviation projects our institute develop some unique technology is there are currently it was also used for various medical applications. the technologies are based on titanium alloy it's known simply as the composite was actually discovered by u.s. naval researchers back in one thousand nine hundred eighty two but due to production complexities it's the only game proper appreciation in the last two decades when its founding increasing use. and there reno in planetology is intriguing because it

exhibits both cheap memory ensued to city this means that through manipulations and temperature and stress the material can be deformed it will and reliably return back to give you a better idea of how did it know works in action we've constructed a quick experiment using this implant for patients with a sunken chest you can see i can bend it out of shape because we've chilled it on ice but when i drop it in warm water i can bring it back in a second's time useful here because of its capacity for reversible solid state phase transformation above a temperature fixed by the producers of each net no alloy the metal has a simple interpenetrating cubic crystal structure at lower temperatures it spontaneously transforms to a more complex clinic crystal structure this makes the substance easily deformable but with the reversed temperature shift it reverts. waterstreet the implant to its original shape with impressive force the human body is sturdier than it beat her

but it's important to keep the transformation under tight control. which improvement is the main problem is to ensure the proper range of temperature within which the ele material can change its shape it's vital for medicine to have exactly thirty six point six degrees celsius. and those species that. only we can provide such a curiously because we've developed the technology to give the same chunk of metal a transition temperature anywhere from minus thirty three to plus seventy degrees that within that it could be basically any temperature that would best fit a specific product with. the alloy pioneered by my t. is already finding its place in practice helping improve human lives one of our most important protective devices as humans is. the enclosure from our spine to our breast bone either holds in or hampers the functioning of our most vital. organs.

our position here on technology update we will simply call kucha suffers from a defamation in that crucial area a sunken chest bone fish she says has caused her pain and hindered her in her physical personal and professional life to free her heart and lungs from the stress of the condition doctors will implant in it no bridge much like the one used in our studio experiment. material provokes no one wanted reaction from the body is that the employer has been designed to last for the rest of the patient's life. is definitely an invasive procedure requiring narcosis and sizable chest incisions. but the advice of cut just doctors in the promise of a permanent solution to a lifelong problem made the choice of surgery a no brainer. fortunately the material is time tested and tailor made for this kind

of huge and just caretakers are very experienced. is the x. ray taken eight days off to the operation you can see the nickel to tanian bridge implanted into the rib cage holding the chest in the proper position the difference is really clear on the lateral x. ray book award. this is the same bridge viewed from a different angle this is the breast bone right now it's in the right position before the operation it went in like this a concave defamation of the chest. where the wish. to lead to a more active lifestyle now. without fearing negative affects on my heart or my lungs yes or no compared to all the time i suffered the operation was really quick and painless. many others like her to breathe

easier but it's hardly reached the outer limits of its potential variations of the constant dura billet toxicology endeavor mission testing to see what problems it might help solve next it's already found its way into golf clubs years and bending spoons but the mighty team is most convinced of its prospects in medical implant ology be it a joint replacement vital stents orthodontics or prosthetics. has a bright helpful future. titanium maybe the so called space age metal but we're still making breakthroughs with familiar old number twenty six the periodic table sign me. up and coming company based in the girls reaching city of paris their specialty is turning affordable iron based alloys into high performing equipment for the oil and gas sector in particular so-called electric submersible problems e.s.p.'s made to pull petroleum up from deep beneath your surface under often

uninviting conditions it's a complete production cycle from raw metal materials to the constituent parts to get packed off in ready pumps the e.s.p. is a long enclosed did houses both the motor and the rotating stages that make up the pond in its shape and purpose the never meant product may not look unique but the stories in the meadow. we had to push were innovations i mean new types of products unique on the market tests showed a significant increase in the fish and sea between two some of the poem stages of the same design the first being close in the molds but the second to using the powder method was methods increased efficiency by several points up to five points which is a very serious push to shift. the trick to push up the performance instead of being poured liquid hot into a mold and then cast this status or stamped out of ironing copper alloy powder aside from saving energy. in the middle of the great melting temperatures the

powder method allows for better flexibility combining and shaping materials produces with better balance and less energy loss through vibration in the field and overall improves precision and surface roughness to optimize the flow of the pump liquid. now even though these parts are made of compressed metals like iron and i haven't exactly been doing my time in the weight room i can still snap them with my bare hands so to make them stronger we have to stick them in the oven and crank up the heat. or the stages are subjected to high pressure and five hundred plus degree celsius sheet which not only for just iron copper alloys together compress and spend strengthens the. metallurgy that underpins no metal production is hardly new it was developed by the russian scientists. in the eighteenth twenties to make. these methods already includes most

of the basics used in the modern era as machine building exploded in the twentieth century so too did the waste from the forging of even the smallest metal detail particularly in the post-war context condom eyes on this valuable waste brought back more precise. matters after the manufacturing of the stages there passed on for chemical treatment it's vital to making them ready for action deep under the earth the conditions for oil and gas drilling and pumping are increasingly inverse and more easily accessible wells. pioneered only centrifugal designed to better withstand the long months of sand blasting they're sure to receive underground and well known homes are now proven to work for a competitive warranty period of nearly three years they're doing laboratory tests to see if the nano train can give them another boost a large part of their operation is committed to simulating downhole dynamics to test new components and then the newbies. might be just the ticket.

there are some of us that have undergone a series of tests on our equipment used to be new and shiny like this but this one has undergone serious degradation from the factors common inside oil wells to apply and nano coating to make the stage door effective a case where in ten in this situation the application of the nano spray tungsten carbide coating looks like an effective way of protecting the existing stages without further massive investment reforging the parts entirely out of such expensive metals. initially the investment will be a billion rubles or another billion will come from macau invest the income generated at the first stage will be channeled to develop the project overall we plan to invest some twenty billion rubles. in the big oil and gas game that

novum it plays with massive companies gushing profits it might not seem that pinpoint accuracy is the key focus but when it comes to producing the machinery to comes to black stuff from down below small parts can have a big impact on the overall efficiency and it turns out the nana meters word to the right or wrong just might make a mile of difference. see who said he had to sit through school to learn more about metals just check back with us periodically and in still enjoy the. hungry for the full story we've got it first hand the biggest issues get a human voice face to face with the news makers.

the official. i pod touch from the. video on demand. an omission st now in the palm of your.

boundaries not so good is pushing the user to consider a plan to live their lives as a military presence in any state european states which have joined since the collapse of the soviet union. tensions are high in kurdistan hold the wrong would be of terror and violence with the dropped off the us troops leave the region. israel's recent discovery of oil and gas reserves in the mediterranean was at attention in the middle east as more countries like. nations are already.

it's six o'clock in the morning in the russian capital this is all c.n.n. international story now russia is seeking to prevent nato from placing major sources close to its borders moscow's presented a plan to limit the lines as a military presence in the states which have joined it says the breakup of the soviet chain and it has more than cooperation agreement presented by russian foreign minister sergei lavrov. roll show wants to prevent naysayers from placing any at major full says close it to its board it wants to set a formal limits a cap on the amount of the alliance's forces of that all place close to its borders particularly in its new members states which do light that bit closer to the russian our borders in doing this russia believes that it's simply asking for nato to keep the promises its made to the then soviet president mikhail gorbachev back in one nine hundred ninety when it promised no.