industry forever even earlier puzzles and no self and ogle her someplace scientific base and metal alloy research and steel artillery the russian empire may have been a metallurgical foundation but soviet modernization drives in the twenty's and thirty's build new hubs like big media gorst and helped to ready the country for intense industrial demands in world war two wartime production greatly expanded the geography of soviet metalworking setting the groundwork for a real explosion of output in the post-war years that still underpins the industry in the post soviet space today. russia is among the world's leaders and digging up and pumping out perhaps the most historically coveted of all elements shiny number seventy nine gold. while the first dilute your gold deposits in russia were found in the urals in the early nineteenth century the country's eastern regions have been the site of many gold rushes and now a longstanding extraction industry since much of the territory was underdeveloped in brocade and twentieth century gold miners conquered literally uncharted

territory on route to making the soviet union the number two gold producer on the planet and gold digging in russia is no mere blast from the past just test poll you sold to russia's largest and one of the world's prominent purveyors of our beloved the outward appearance of the operation is changed significantly as we're barely finding reverse still running with nuggets but with the help of new and improved technology to use is now cooling pounds of gold out of oceans of essentially typical topsoil. the gold or from the n.p.r. ins could suppose it also contains such elements as car bombs with and some money in them these elements trump the gold particles and resists the soil and that process through which gold is normally recalled. developed by a oxidation which helps us to screen out the resistance elements and consequently increase cold extraction levels as compared to traditional techniques that are good so will the bio oxidizing in bio beaching approaches have just come into fashion.

in the gold industry over the last two decades we've developed in major mining in research countries several of the key bacteria and extraction system used by. our russian. about exactly it may not look like gold just yet but it comes out cheaper more energy efficient and with fewer environmentally harmful byproducts than traditional methods relying on heat and pressure. syria is scientific and engineering challenge the solution developed. and implemented. is unique not only for russia but for the international market as well as unique. experience shows it was a successful solution. to the basic science behind by oxidation is the introduction of bacterial cultures which is the predominant. latched on to the precious gold we're trying to get. content. in their competitors

in search of new and improved. in place have doubled savings and increased extraction rates by fifteen to twenty percent. gold is number one and in terms of production volume. and it has the most in terms of. so what's the payoff for that kind of positioning for the first half of two thousand and ten. fifteen point six tons of pure gold. six hundred million u.s. dollars demand in prices for. they can take any technological advantage straight to the bank. the only element in a leg russia is also rich and precious metals more than their way. passed through the refining research laboratories have crespigny it in the siberian city of. their discount branded. seven hundred fifty bucks

a kilo they also process well over ninety percent of russia's significant platinum and palladium commodities with prices measured in the tens of thousands of dollars per kilo inside the lab itself they're more interested in measurements than the flow of banknotes crunching the numbers to tell russian in foreign clients what's worth extracting the price you can you hear. from various companies that explore and develop metal suppose it see pretty much they dig up some posts and bring them over to us. we test it for gold. deposits be considered perspective. contain gold particles equivalent to at least one granpa ten that gram is separated from the surrounding sludge through a process known as jubilation which oxidizes base metals like lead copper zinc and arsenic to isolate the precious metal in question here a small piece of crap school is

a process that's been around in primitive forms for millennia conducted with unprecedented perception in the twenty first century because food made laboratory both analyzes for its contents and refines with they're given to obtain a pure product ready for use in a range of applications metals they're searching for turning out they're also equipped to analyze alloys of precious metals in total the factories laboratory has the modern equipment and technical savvy to sort through some one hundred thousand geological probes in a year to satisfy outside clients as well as the company's internal production needs. in this reanalyze the easing techniques like inductively couple. commissions spectroscopic to say to quit makes this lab unique because there's no of the laboratory in russia that has the capacity to analyze samples of all the platinum group metals gold silver platinum palladium iridium ruth any. handel's me i'm on the board tree contest some poll concentrates from one pub

million which is one ten thousandth of a percent all the way up to one hundred percent. plonk one attend by the london bullion market to say see a sion t. design then produce the international silver stunted which is basically a benchmark silverball it's a fairly complicated task the material must have a certain composition also we have to ensure homage analyse and proper distribution of additives but thanks to our expertise in the use of various methods and hindsight facilities we manage to rise to the occasion and come up with a clue as he sounded that is now used across the well. while the super standard is certainly handy for other analysts the jury crusted mit turns out has an even wider appeal they're among the top producers of gold jewelry in the russian federation with tons upon tons of fourteen karat chains and necklaces leaving the

assembly lines each year for the more discerning buyers there are also the makers of more creative accessories combining a whole range of precious metals and still. not all the glitters is gold and not all that's precious a custom at mit is for gifting glamour the plenum group metals they process are prize not just for their shine on your neck or finger but for unique properties ideal in agriculture and industry because you see here are made from an alloy supplied them with other precious metals like rhodium palladium and retaining all refined ninety nine point nine five percent purity at their facilities. these alloy coils are he treated shaped in separated into fine threads the platinum makes threads are split down to the size required for the ultimate application. in this case the work is for cross fit minutes catalyst minutes. in a chemical reaction. a catalyst just like the guy did starts the fight but comes

out at the end untouched. platinum group metals are particularly useful catalysts because they're largely resistant to chemical reactions they're also stable electrically and can effectively sustain at high temperatures. once these nets are woven or they're treated with a hydrogen torch did leaves them ready for installation. at the end of the production process the catalyst cause looks like this a fine mesh of ninety five percent platinum and five percent rhodium alloy finished products like this disc are ideal for use in the high pressure high temperature process of making nitric acid which is used to make our fertilizers you too had to use platinum mellowing catalyst like the ones in your car's catalytic converter reducing your gas guzzlers toxic emission arse it's not going to be precious this bought them to play an important role in our lives and that's certainly true of the world's most abundant metal aluminum rush is home to the world's biggest aluminum

producing conglomerate whose which now controls over twelve percent of the global market still even before the volatility in aluminum prices that came with the financial crisis in two thousand and eight the top dog has been tectonic looking for innovative ways to make better products more cost effective pure aluminum is worth roughly two thousand dollars a tonne but when you strengthen it in an alloy with silicon or other additives you can roughly triple that value but to get that valuable product you have to make sure you get the mix just right. fortunately the mix is being monitored by the magnetic hydrodynamic center it spawned out of the poly technical institute not far from new cells a massive production facility in custody on. the pioneered installations to help maximize the quality of the alloys produced in smelting using magnets. with the should what's the move the year tony twenty one has announced they want a minimum of fifty. their production to be. well these are very ambitious plans

being implemented the company needs to introduce new melting and casting equipment including new founding machines magnetic hydrodynamic mixers. the designers at the center devalue their ideas their blueprints and products are in demand not just down the road if he sells facility but on the international market as well they've concluded to deal with the european division of the top aluminum production equipment company altaic to distribute. hardware to clients outside russia meanwhile the main task is to make sure the next great idea in the field is there is. there is one of our installations this used to simulate a model physical process is occurring naturally and. this is the magnetic mix one of our key products you can see how it works on this physical model it's mixing of

the molten metal is in juice here by the magnetic field it's a very convenient way to study the exchange of a piece in weight in the finest during the mixing process analyze the operations on the whole and to find the most effective modes of using the magnetic hydrodynamic makes sense is the nation has been designed in one tenth the scale of typical industrial fantasists which helps us to check the performance and other characteristics before the project is physically implemented the projects could run up to tens of millions of dollars so both weigh in the customer interested in the highest degree of precision when setting up these physical models to study what can actually be happening inside the future industrial installations since the heat source in aluminum smelter sits above the liquefied metal include layers for significantly impacting the quality and consistency of the end product mixing them even stings out in the best mixing methods used magnetic impulses creating peak levels and induction at the center and lower levels of the. in addition to the

larger current small swirls move the metal at the edges and transfer the heat energy magnet driven mixing helps to level out the temperature in under five minutes making for even quality alloy less likely to corrode. enterprises that work for the federal space agency had requests that we provide thin aluminum cable for aircraft that's an industry where it's the weight that counts most of that experience and high frequency. and the kilohertz range in electromagnetic crystals where the molten metal has no shape and phases only maintained by the electromagnetic field it doesn't have any contact with it's followed by the process of. the resulting aluminum rod had a very fine structure we did the first time equality badge which proves you can make. something no other russian laboratory has been able to do so far from the method of electromagnetic.

in the world has been i'm talking with counts the make it usable as it can. supply aviation. so the initial supply of bronze was successfully used in the assembly of several planes. as i've heard the technology of electromagnetic. has been listed as part of the technical requirements for this type of aircraft. we received a large order for these rods are now busy filling it with. word has it that the next plane. might be. secrecy with just a few test. production obviously more than one. and we'd be flying no. where with rock solid i need to tighten. that tell me i'm

a takeoff aboard american boeing or european air buses but it's tacked on and factories in the form of russian. board piece to the smoke is in fact the world's largest producer of titanium and through contracts and joint ventures like elbowing they're proving their metal on the next generation of passenger jet liners the moscow state aviation technological institute might see also has years of experience testing titanium above the clouds but of course there are experimental work starts in earthly laboratories and before anything gets added to the assembly of any aircraft they are testing different types of metal for their suitability despite being part of the flyboy family their research has recently uncovered some of metallic magic it's intended to help out the more grounded among us and why this . aviation projects our institute develop some unique clist

acknowledges there are currently it was also used for various medical applications . the technologies are based on nickel titanium aloysius known simply as the composite was actually discovered by u.s. naval researchers back in one nine hundred sixty two but due to production complexities it's the only game proper appreciation in the last two decades when its founding increase in use in their arena in planetology is intriguing because it exhibits both cheap memory ensued to allow us to city this means that through manipulation temperature and stress the material can be deformed it will and reliably return back to give you a better idea of how did it know works in action we've constructed a quick experiment using this implant for patients with a sunken chest you can see i can bend it out of shape because we've chilled it on ice but when i drop it in warm water i can bring it back in a second time. useful here because of its capacity for reversible solidstate phase

transformation above a temperature fixed by the producers of each net no alloy the metal has a simple interpenetrating cubic crystal structure at lower temperatures it spontaneously transforms to a more complex clinic crystal structure this makes the substance easily deformable but with a reversed temperature shift it reverts. water springsteen played to its original shape with impressive force the human body is sturdier than that peter but it's important to keep the transformation under tight control. which improvement is the main problem is to ensure the proper range of temperature within which the elderly material can change its shape it's vital for medicine to have exactly thirty six point six degrees celsius. and those species. only we can provide such a curiously because we've developed the technology to give the same chunk of metal a transition temperature anywhere from minus thirty three to plus seventy degrees

mean with that within that it could be basically any temperature that would best fit a specific product with. the alloy pioneered by my t. is already finding its place in practice helping improve human lives one of our most important protective devices as humans is. the enclosure from our spine to our breast bone either holds in or hampers the functioning of our most vital organs. our patient here on technology update who will simply call kucha suffers from defamation in that crucial area a sunken chest bone this she says has caused her pain and hindered her in her physical personal and professional life to free her heart and lungs from the stress of the condition doctors will implant in it no bridge much like the one used in our studio experiment. but it is just material provokes no. unwanted reaction from the body of. the employee has been designed to last for

the rest of the patient's life. is definitely an invasive procedure requiring narcosis and sizable chest incisions. put the advice of cut just doctors in the promise of a permanent solution to a lifelong problem me the choice of surgery a no brainer. fortunately the material is time tested and table made for this kind of abuse. just caretakers are very experienced. it is the x.-ray taken eight days off to the operation you can see the nickel to tanian bridge implanted into the rib cage holding the chest in the proper position the difference is really clear on the lateral x. ray. this is the same bridge viewed from

a different angle this is the breast bone right now it's in the right position before the operation it went in like this a concave defamation of the chest. lead to more active lifestyle now. without fearing negative effects on my hearts or my lungs yes or no compared to all the time i suffered the operation was really quick and painless. has helped our friend in many others like her to breathe easier but it's hardly breached the outer limits of its potential variations have been a lawyer under constant dura billet he toxicology endeavor mission testing to see what problems it might help solve next it's already found its way into golf clubs as yours and bending spoons but the mighty team is most convinced of its prospects in medical implant ology be it a joint replacement vital stents orthodontics or prosthetics. you know has

a bright helpful future. titanium maybe this so-called space age metal but we're still making breakthroughs with familiar. number twenty six the periodic table is iron me no good it is an up and coming company based in the girls reaching city of period of their specialty is turning affordable iron based alloys into high performing equipment for the oil and gas sector in particular so-called electric submersible pumps piece made to pull petroleum up from deep beneath the surface under often uninviting conditions it's a complete production cycle from raw metal materials to the constituent parts to the packed off and ready pumps the e.s.p. is along in close to that houses both the motor and the rotating stages that make up the pump in it's cheap in purpose the never meant product may not look unique but the stories in the metal. we had to push were innovations i mean the products unique on the market tests showed

a significant increase in the fish and sea between two some of the poem stages of the same design the first being close in the molds but the second to using the powder method methods increased efficiency by several points up to five points which is a very serious push to shift. the trick to push up the performance instead of being poured liquid hot into a mold and then cast this stage is there stamped out of iron and copper alloy powder aside from saving energy heating the middle to great melted temperatures the powder method allows for better flexibility combining and shaping materials produces parts with better balance and thus less energy loss through vibration in the field and overall improved precision and surface roughness to optimize the flow of the pump liquid. now even though these parts are made of compressed metals like iron and i haven't exactly been doing my time in the weight room i can still snap them with my bare hands so to make them stronger we have to stick them in the oven and crank up the. this stages are subjected to high pressure and five hundred

plus degree celsius heat which not only forges the iron and copper alloys together but compress and spend strengthens the whole stage. underpins no limits of production is hardly knew it was developed by the russian scientist show that if somebody in the eight hundred twenty s. to make. these methods already includes most of the basics used in the modern era as machine building exploded in the twentieth century so too did the waste from the forging of even the smallest metal detail particularly in the post-war context condom eyes on this valuable waste brought back more precise. matters after the manufacturing of the stages there passed on for chemical treatment that's vital to making them ready for action deep under the earth the conditions for oil and gas drilling and pumping are increasingly inverse as the older and more easily

accessible wells dry up. already pioneered only centrifugal steves designed to better withstand the long months of sand blasting they're sure to receive underground and well known columns are now proven to work for a competitive warranty period of nearly three years they're doing laboratory tests to see if the nano train can give them another boost a large part of their operation is committed to simulating downhole dynamics to test new components and then the newbies might be just the ticket. but there is someone else that have undergone a series of tests on our equipment used to be new and shiny like this but this one has undergone serious degradation from the factors common inside oil wells to apply and nano coaching to make the stage door effective a case where. in this situation the application of tungsten carbide coating looks like an effective way of protecting the existing stages without further man. of

investment reforging the parts entirely out of such expensive metals. you want to initially the investment for it will be a four billion rubles another four billion will come from macau invest the income it generates into the first stage will also be channeled to develop the projects overall we plan to invest some twenty billion rubles. in the big oil and gas game that never met plays with massive companies gushing profits it might not seem that pinpoint accuracy is the key focus but when it comes to producing new machinery to pumps the black stuff from down below small parts can have a big impact on the overall efficiency and it turns out the nana meters word to the right or wrong just might make a mile of difference. see who said you had to sit through school to learn more about metals just check back with us periodically and instilled and enjoy the.

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the french. how to make an enemy. creates close to. home grown terror cases. fifty billion a day. to be the world's biggest. the european commission is to launch legal proceedings. over.

the very warm welcome two year. more protests in france and more damage to its crippled finances public beginning to switch from the government to the trade unions blamed for paralyzing the country's economy. reports demonstrators seem to be losing the war they waged. saving face the french trade unions are still taking people to the streets despite the fact the reform they're protesting against is a given still angry french citizens say the show must go on as ordinary persons look on drinking their coffee and mineral water members of trade unions and students continue taking to the streets just outside the french senate protesting a reform that is pretty much already guaranteed to take place.