class dimitri to know if was known as the father of russian metallurgy was nineteenth century discovery of crucial temperature points and still casting changed the industry forever even earlier puzzles and no self and over her someplace scientific base in metal alloy research and steel artillery the russian empire may have been a metallurgical foundation but soviet modernization drives in the twenty's and thirty's build new hubs like big media gorst and help to ready the country for intense industrial demands in world war two wartime production greatly expanded the geography of soviet metalworking setting the groundwork for a real explosion of output in the post-war years that still underpins the industry in the post soviet space today. bush is among the world's leaders and digging up and pumping out perhaps the most historically coveted of all elements shiny number seventy nine gold. while the first aloof gold deposits in russia were found in the urals in the early nineteenth century the country's eastern regions have been the site of many gold rushes and the long standing extraction industry since much of

the territory was underdeveloped in rugged and twentieth century gold miners conquered literally uncharted territory on route to making the soviet union the number two gold producer on the planet and gold digging in russia is no mere blast from the past just test poll you sold to russia's largest and one of the world's prominent purveyors of our beloved puyat the outward appearance of the operation is changed significantly as we're barely finding reverse still running with nuggets but with the help of new and improved technology to use is now killing pounds of gold out of oceans of essentially typical topsoil. the gold or from the n.p.r. ins could oppose it also contains such elements as car bombs with and and some money and these elements trip the gold particles and resists the soil and that process through which gold is normally. developed by oxidation which helps us to screen out the resistant elements and consequently increase cold. struction

levels as compared to traditional techniques. have just come into fashion in the gold industry over the last two decades. it's developed in major mining in research countries several of the key bacteria and. system used by. our russian. exactly it may not look like gold just yet but it comes out cheaper more energy efficient and with fewer environmentally harmful byproducts than traditional methods relying on heat and pressure. syria is scientific and engineering challenge the solution developed. and implemented on the cross. is unique not only for russia but for the international market as well it's unique for. the far north. it was a successful solution to the basic science behind bio oxidation is the introduction of bacterial cultures which oxidized the predominant latched on to the precious

gold we're trying to get. content. in their competitors are always in search of new and improved culture. in place have doubled savings and increased extraction rates by fifteen to twenty percent. number one and in terms of production volume. and as has the most advanced in terms of high tech methods. so what's the payoff for that kind of positioning for the first half of two thousand and ten. some fifteen point six tons of pure gold. six hundred million u.s. dollars with demand in prices for the rich man. they can take any technological advantage straight to the bank. the only element that will cost you an arm and a leg also rich and precious metal more than worth their weight. these metals

passed through the refining research laboratories of crusty admit in the siberian city of. their discount branded a mere seven hundred fifty bucks a kilo they also process well over ninety percent of russia's significant platinum and palladium commodity prices measured in the tens of thousands of dollars per kilo inside the lab itself they're more interested in measurements than the flow of banknotes crunching the numbers to tell russian in foreign clients what's worth extracting the price you can even hear. from various companies that explore and develop metals oppose it pretty much they dig up samples something then. test it for gold. deposits be consistent perspective. contained particles equivalent to at least one gram potential that grim is separated from the surrounding sludge through a process known as you but lation which oxidizes base metals like lead copper zinc

and arsenic to isolate the precious metal in question here a small piece of crushed school is a process that's been around in primitive forms for millennia conducted with unprecedented person in the twenty first century because he admits laboratory both analyzes for its contents and refines with they're given to obtain a pure product ready for use in a range of applications metals they're searching for turning out they're also equipped to analyze alloys of precious metals in total the factories laboratory has the modern equipment and technical savvy to sort through some one hundred thousand geological probes in a year to satisfy outside clients as well as the company's internal production needs. in this reanalyze the easing techniques like inductively couple. commission spectroscopic to say to quit makes this lab unique because there's no other laboratory in russia that has the capacity to analyze. samples of

all the platinum group metals tops gold silver platinum played. iridium ruth any i'm. on the board tree contest sample concentrates from one pub million which is one ten thousandth of a percent all the way up to one hundred percent. plonk one attend by the london bolian market. to design then produce the international silver stunted which is basically a benchmark silverball it's a fairly complicated task the material must have a certain composition also we have to ensure homage an a.s.e. and proper distribution of attitudes but thanks to our expertise in the use of various methods and hindsight facilities we manage to rise to the occasion and come up with a clue as he sounded that is now used across the well. while the super standard is certainly handy for other analysts the jewelry crusted mit turns out has an even

wider appeal they're among the top producers of gold jewelry in the russian federation with tons upon tons of fourteen karat chains and necklaces leaving the assembly lines each year for the more discerning buyers there are also the makers of more creative accessories combining a whole range of precious metals and still. not all the glitters is gold and not all that precious a custom it is for gifting and glamour the plenum group metals they process are prize not just for their shine on your neck or finger but for unique properties ideal in agriculture in industry because you see here are made from an alloy supplied them with other precious metals like rhodium palladium and retaining all refined and ninety nine point nine five percent purity at their facilities. these alloy coils are she treated shaped and separated into fine threads the platinum makes threads are split down to the size required. for the ultimate application. in

this case the work is for crafted myths catalysts nets. in a chemical reaction a catalyst just like the guy did starts the fight but comes out at the end untouched. platinum group metals are particularly useful catalysts because they're largely resistant to chemical reactions they're also stable electrically and can effectively sustain at high temperatures. once these nets are woven they're treated with a hydrogen torch did leaves them ready for installation. at the end of the production process the catalyst goes looks like this a fine mesh of ninety five percent platinum and five percent rhodium alloy finished products like this disc are ideal for use in the high pressure high temperature process of making nitric acid which is used to make our fertilizers due to his use platinum mellowing catalysts like the ones in your car's catalytic converter reducing your gas guzzlers toxic emissions it's not going to be precious is bought

them to play an important role in our lives and that's certainly true of the world's most abundant metal aluminum rush is home to the world's biggest aluminum producing conglomerate muso which now controls over twelve percent of the global market still even before the volatility in aluminum prices that came with the financial crisis in two thousand and eight the top dog has been techonomy looking for innovative ways to make better products more cost effective pure aluminum is worth roughly two thousand dollars a tonne but when you strengthen it in an hour with silicon or other additives you can roughly triple that value but to get that valuable products you have to make sure you get the mix just right. fortunately the mix is being monitored by the magnetic hydrodynamic center it's spawned out of the poly technical institute not far from new cells a massive production facility in custody on. the pioneered installations to help maximize the quality of the alloys produced in smelting use. magnet.

has announced they want a minimum of fifty percent of their production to be aluminum and these are very ambitious plans being implemented the company needs to introduce new melting and casting equipment including new forty machines magnetic hydrodynamic mixers and other installations. the designers of the center devalued their ideas their blueprints and products are in demand not just down the road if he sells facility but on the international market as well they've concluded to deal with the european division of the top aluminum production of quipping company i'll stick to distribute m.h.d. making hardware to clients outside russia meanwhile the main task is to make sure the next great idea in the field is there. there is one of our installations this used to simulate a model physical process is occurring naturally and. this is the magnetic mix one

of our key products you can see how it works in this physical model it's mixing of the most in metal is in juice here by the magnetic field it's a very convenient way to study the exchange of a piece in weight in the finest during the mixing process analyze the operations on the whole and to find the most effective modes of using the magnetic hydrodynamic make sense. has been designed in one tenth the scale of typical industrial furnace is which helps us to check the performance and other characteristics before the project is physically implemented the projects could run up to tens of millions of dollars so both weigh in the customer interested in the highest degree of precision when setting up these physical models to study what can actually be happening inside the future industrial installations since the heat source in aluminum smelter sits above the liquefied metal include layers for significantly impacting the quality and consistency of the end product mixing the metals. even in the best

mixing methods use magnetic impulses creating. lower levels of the periphery in addition to the larger current small swirls move the metal at the edges and transfer the heat energy magnet driven mixing helps to level out the temperature in under five minutes making for even quality alloy less likely to corrode. enterprises that work for the federal space agency requests that we provide thin aluminum cable for aircraft that's an industry where it's the weight that counts most without experience and high frequency. range in electromagnetic crystals. metal has no shape. to maintain by the electromagnetic field it doesn't have any contact with it's followed by the process of. the resulting aluminum rod had a very fine structure we did the first time which proves you can make. something

no other russian laboratory has been able to do so far the method of electromagnetic. has allowed us to produce. this is in the way. it has been i'm talking with count the make it usable as a. palace applying aviation. so the initial supply of rods was successfully used in the assembly of several planes. as i've heard the technology of electromagnetic. has been listed as part of the technical requirements for this type of aircraft but. we received a large order for these rods are now busy filling it with. word has it that the next plane. might be weeks. secrecy with just a. test flights under its belt in

a few years until full scale production obviously more than one metal goes into making planes and we'd be flying nowhere with rock solid twenty two titanium. that's a taney i'm a takeoff aboard an american boeing or european air buses but it's tacked on and factories in the forward of russia. piece to the smoke is in fact the world's largest producer of titanium and through contracts and joint ventures like boeing they're proving their metal on the next generation of passenger jet liners the moscow state aviation technological institute might see also has years of experience testing titanium above the clouds but of course there are experimental work starts in earthly laboratories and before anything gets added to the assembly of any aircraft they are testing different types of metal for their suitability despite being part of the flyboy family their research has recently uncovered some

metallic magic it's intended to help the more grounded among us. in the. aviation the projects our institute develop some unique will acknowledge is there are currently it was also used for various medical applications. the technologies are based on nickel titanium alloy just known simply as the composite was actually discovered by u.s. naval researchers back in one thousand sixty two but due to production complexities it's the only game proper appreciation in the last two decades when its founding increase in use in their arena in planetology is intriguing because it exhibits both cheap memory ensued to allow us to city this means that through manipulations in temperature and stress the material can be deformed it will and reliably return back to give you a better idea of how did it know works in action we've constructed a quick experiment using this implant for patients with a sunken chest you can. see i can bend it out of shape because we've chilled it on

ice but when i drop it in warm water i can bring it back in a second's time useful here because of its capacity for reversible solid state phase transformation above a temperature fixed by the producers of each ninoy alloy the metal has a simple interpenetrating cubic crystal structure at lower temperatures it spontaneously transforms to a more complex clinic crystal structure this makes the substance easily deformable but with the reversed temperature shift it reverts. water springsteen play into its original shape with impressive force the human body is sturdier than the beater but it's important to keep the transformation under tight control. which improvement is the main problem is to ensure the proper range of temperature within which the ele material can changes shape it's vital for medicine to have exactly thirty six point six degrees celsius. and though. only we can provide such

a curiously because we've developed the technology to give the same chunk of metal a transition temperature anywhere from minus thirty three to plus seventy degrees that within that it could be basically any temperature that would best fit a specific product with. the alley pioneered by my t. is already finding its place in practice helping improve human lives one of our most important protective devices as humans is our the enclosure from our spine to our breastbone either holds in or hampers the functioning of our most vital organs . our patient here on technology update who will simply call suffers from a defamation in that crucial area a sunken chest wound that she says has caused her pain and hindered her in her physical personal and professional life to free her heart and lungs from the stress of the condition doctors will implant in it no bridge. like the one used in our

studio experiment. material provokes no one wanted reaction from the body of. the employee has been designed to last for the rest of the patient's life. this is definitely an invasive procedure requiring narcosis and sizable chest incision. but the advice of cut just doctors in the promise of a permanent solution to a lifelong problem made the choice of surgery a no brainer. fortunately the material is time tested and tailor made for this kind of use and just caretakers are very experienced. is the x. ray taken eight days off to the operation you can see the nickel to tanian bridge implanted into the rib cage holding the chest in the proper position the difference

is really clear on the lateral x. ray. this is the same bridge viewed from a different angle this is the breast bone right now it's in the right position before the operation it went in like this a concave defamation of the chest. more active lifestyle now. without fearing negative effects on my hearts or my lungs yes or no compared to all the time i suffered the operation was really quick and painless. know has helped our friend cuts in many others like her to breathe easier but it's hardly reached the outer limits of its potential variations have been a lawyer under constant dura billet toxicology endeavor mission testing to see what problems it might help solve next it's already found its way into golf clubs brasier zx and self bending spoons. mit team is most convinced of its prospects in

medical implant ology be it a joint replacement vital stents orthodontics or prosthetics. has a bright helpful future. titanium maybe the so called space age metal but we're still making breakthroughs with. number twenty six the periodic table is iron me. as an up and coming company based in the girls region city of paris their specialty is turning affordable iron based alloys into high performing equipment for the oil and gas sector in particular so-called electric submersible problems e.s.p.'s made to pull petroleum up from deep beneath the surface under often uninviting conditions it's a complete production cycle from raw metal materials to the constituent parts to the packed off and ready pumps the e.s.p. is a long enclosed did houses both the motor and the rotating stages that make up the pump in it's cheap in purpose the never meant product may not look unique but the

stories in the metal. we had to push were innovations i mean the products unique on the market tests showed a significant increase in the fish and sea between two some of the poem stages of the same design the first being close in the molds but the second to using the method methods increased efficiency by several points up to five points which is a very serious push to shift. the trick to push up the performance instead of being poured liquid hot into a mold and then cast this status or stamped out of iron copper alloy powder aside from saving energy heating the middle to great temperatures the powder method allows for better flexibility combining and shaping materials produces with better balance and just less energy loss through vibration in the field and overall improves precision and surface roughness to optimize the flow of the pump liquid. now even though these parts are made of compressed metals like iron and i. i

haven't exactly been doing my time in the weight room i can still snap them with my bare hands so to make them stronger we have to stick them in the oven and crank up the heat. inside to kolker the stages are subjected to high pressure and five hundred plus degree celsius heat which not only for just iron and copper alloys together but compresses and strengthens the whole stage. underpins the production is hardly new it was developed by the russian scientists. in the eighteenth twenties to make. these methods already includes most of the basics used in the modern era as machine building exploded in the twentieth century so too did the waste from the forging of even the smallest metal detail particularly in the postwar context condom eyes on this valuable waste brought back more precise. matters after the manufacturing of the stages there passed on for chemical treatment that's quite old in making them ready for action deep under the

earth the conditions for oil and gas drilling and pumping are increasingly inverse as the older and more easily accessible wells. has already pioneered their own central steves designed to better withstand the long months of sand blasting they're sure to receive underground and well known homes are now proven to work for a competitive warranty period of nearly three years they're doing laboratory tests to see if the nano train can give them another boops a large part of their operation is committed to simulating downhole dynamics to test new components and then the newbies might be just the ticket. to go on a series of tests on our equipment used to be new and shiny like this but this one has undergone serious degradation from the fact is common inside oil wells is to apply a nano coaching to make the stage door effective a case where. in this situation the application of the nano spray tungsten carbide

coating looks like an effective way of protecting the existing stages without further massive investment reforging the parts entirely out of such expensive. initially the investment will be a billion rubles another billion will come from macau invest the income generated at the fest a show will also be channeled to develop the projects. we plan to invest some twenty billion rubles. in the big oil and gas game that plays with massive companies' gushing profits it might not seem to pinpoint accuracy is the key focus when it comes to producing the machinery to pump the black stuff from down below small parts can have a big impact on the overall efficiency and it turns out the nana meter is worth the right or wrong just might make a mile of difference. see who said you had to sit through school to learn more

about metals just check back with us periodically and instilled and enjoy the. wealthy british style stock. market. can. find out what's really happening to the global economy with max cause or for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines tune into kinds a report on our.

song from feinstein.

starts on t.v. . a fresh wave of strikes in gulf wrong but the majority are fast becoming top of the disruption particularly on. approval anyway. as e.u. countries struggle with huge budget cuts the governments of them are just stage become angered at paying for the problems are small nations and. the lisbon treaty . of homegrown terrorism in the u.s. and criticism the agency's entrapment tactics catching the wrong people.

not from our studios here in central moscow this is francis' seeing another day of disruption and another crippling two hundred million euros loss for its finances the pension reform that people have been protesting against has already been rubber stamped and it seems the tide is now turning against the unions who've been paralyzing the country's economy. saving face the french trade unions are still taking people to the streets despite the fact that they're protesting against is a given still angry french citizens say the show must go as ordinary person. their coffee and mineral water members of trade unions and students continue taking to the streets just outside the french senate protesting a reform that is pretty much already guaranteed to take place they haven't even had a chance to learn the new slogans but it's not enough to stop them.