when the news makers. can. follow in welcome to cross talk i'm teetotal about hungry for the truth and dancer's is the world facing another food crisis if it is the victims there are obvious the poor around the world who is really at fault and what needs to be done so all have food security. and you can. discuss the politics of food i'm joined by bob though it has a bad sound in rome he is a senior economist at the food and agricultural organization of the united nations in burlington we go to vandana shiva she's an ecologist and author and in london rick ross to rob lyons he's deputy editor at spike and another member of our cross

talk team on the go all right folks crosstalk rules in effect that means you can jump in anytime you want if i go to rome first the term crisis food crisis is bandied about a lot and is there a crisis in if there is a crisis what is the crisis and what is it mean for everyone not just poor people but the rich west what does it mean globally for everyone. oh i'm glad you are you ask it in that manner because there's always a confusion about what christ is supposed to mean i for one believe that food prices for say we always had it in fact with a million people angry we must have prices but when you bring up the issue of you know richer people or countries which are better off we tend to think about those commodities they consume in northern centers and prices of which may or may not have gone up i think we are quite far from having a real crisis on our hand today ok and then if i go to you in burlington but for the billion people that don't have food or don't have enough food it's obviously

a crisis for them. it's been a crisis for them and it's structurally designed into the industrial food system where it costs more to produce food than you what you earn from selling it which is why of the one billion people five hundred million are producers of food in india we now have a quarter of india two hundred fifty million permanently hungry most of them are producers of food when agriculturist turned into a negative economy because agribusiness makes money selling costly inputs to farmers and buying cheap commodities from them the hungry are the producers of food the second group of people who are now going hungry are the people whose incomes haven't risen while the prices of food have the two thousand eight. did not disappear in countries like india the price rises continued and the reason

governments are not intervening in the price is because globalization trade liberalization free trade says the market should work on its own but when the market is about speculation when the market is about super profits and super greed what it will result in is deep hunger and permanent rethink about that rob and i want to go back to the structural problems of agriculture but if we decide reflect upon what we just heard then the whole system is rigged against poor people and they'll just stay poor and they'll just stay hungry. well i think poverty is the key to this i mean i think there's two things going on there's a food price crisis which is happens from time to time where prices rise very very steeply and then there's a chronic problem of people not having enough to eat and there is in the hundreds of millions of people. that work experience that mostly so i thought if you're in africa. so what we need to do i think. is what we have to accept that poverty is

a real problem that people have the money and the resources they'll be able to buy the food that they need so actually it becomes part of a bigger question why are so many people in the poor in the world still so pour ok . if i could go back to room why eight eight is really not a food crisis it's poor people don't have enough money to buy food right i mean if you turn around looking at it. i mean sure i mean the shoe is really a structural issue here if we have to really decide whether we think that food is just any commodity or not because if mood is to be in food cooked by let's agricultural commodities that are used for you know as a raw material for food because there again we return to journalism of what food is if they are just commodities like any other commodity and you take it from then on then you will see that for example for cereals for agriculture cause in general cereals in particular prices in real terms are the lowest level in one hundred

years now what does that tell you compared to receive minerals go all the you know all other commodities actually it's a sector that is not really performing per se so the low prices means what means that you don't bring investment to this sector means of farmers who are not growing there is probably not enough reward they probably shift to something else or simply go to the cities so we have had this problem we believe for just so long now it is just saw that illegal increasing price can really affect the livelihoods of so many people at the same time so here is the big question where we have to make a. quite the big decisive decisions about how to treat these commodities which is so important for food security it sounds like you want to jump in there i mean fifty years ago we didn't have a situation like this ok where the price goes up a little bit and then it's really a global problem it could be one country has a problem and you can buy it from another country but you're looking at hundreds of millions billion people that are affected by a small change in price i mean that's

a structural problem again and how did we get to that point. because we really pretty grisly on trade ok so sorry you're going to rob i'm going to rob me ok ok pastor are you going to rob them of your bandana go ahead rob ok. you know the you know fifty years ago we didn't have the same kind of model that we have for agriculture and a slight increase in price as a just devastating effect on hundreds of millions of people you get in it's because it's a structural problem it's not the lack of food and it really technically is not even the price it's just the structure. well i think actually in some ways the problem is how little food actually gets traded on the world market i mean a very very small percentage actually gets try to build the vast majority of food that people consume especially in the developing world is actually produced in the

domestic market and often locally as from ghana says very often by themselves so. when you have a situation like that small changes in supply or for example. a bit of interest in commodities being traded. push up the price extraordinarily very very short time so actually what we need to do in many ways is develop the world market for these. short term don't become a major problem but ok to ask my question a different way for exactly fifty years eurasia fifty years ago people grew food all over the world and now over the last forty years and now we have the same people do serious and we have the major ones but the poor don't produce enough i mean that's the biggest structural change that's remarkable at going and then most important point is fifteen years ago all the world's food economies were forced to be integrated just so the cargoes of the world could have global access to markets

and use four hundred billion dollars subsidies to dump on the poor what happens is the dumping leads to a lowering of prices which actually leads to a decline in incomes and our calculations for india show that globalization of the food system has lost to twenty five billion dollars of evaporation of farm incomes . in india that's where poverty is being created it's being created by globalization of agriculture and one signal in one country through this integration can affect prices everywhere either in terms of the lowering of prices which kills the farmers or rising the food prices for the retail end which hurts the poor who have to buy. food is an item that should not be treated first as a commodity because if it is a commodity then the corporations will rule over that commodity they will speculate

they will fix prices secondly as a commodity the corporations can harvest higher subsidies. putting us green to biofuel that's where it will go it's thirty percent this year it's going to become forty percent next year with an increase of two fifteen percent in blending of oil with biofuels the cattle thieves industry is consuming large amounts of grain that cattle don't want to eat their stomachs were designed to grass their herbivores and they're being punished by feeding grain and the poor are being deprived of grain but the worst is we used to eat eight thousand five hundred species of plants commodity trading had to reduce this to a basket of eight i say bring back biodiversity bring back women's knowledge to the food system and bring back food sovereignty and the food crisis and hunger will disappear tomorrow that's what we do to love that india and also ours have doubled

and tripled their food output and increase their incomes five to ten times you have to work with biodiversity not against the ecological processes the real poverty and hunger is rising from the way we produce food by working against the systems that give us food the saw in the biodiversity the water even the air in room if i you know we just heard it shouldn't be helped made into a commodity food but it always will be a commodity because it's a very lucrative business right now i mean that's that's the crux of the whole thing here is that a lot of people speculators will go in there and completely legal they'll go in there and make a killing and we saw with the increase of corn ok and a lot of people blame speculators maybe there is one element of it there but what we just heard is is really true i mean traditionally the traditional way of feeding the planet is it's just been dissolved through all of these structural changes of the last forty years we need to go back or do we have to find a new future. it was certainly don't need to go back and i don't there are

many things that i can agree with but i think we need to look at the history a little bit i don't believe that the kind of family and we have now is terrible for sure but we've had families in the past and we had families because we couldn't produce enough or we didn't have the right seats let's look at i mean india before . and how was it so there is i mean there are lessons to be learned from the past still and never asked to party to. the. last famine years and that was because of trade not because of lack of production yes but you know better than i do that for example in india today there is for the last ten years at least there has been even a decline in per capita consumption of cereals because people tend to eat more value added food in china there has been a ten thousand drop two week recess with consumption ahead sorry yes that's true these are my is that is thinks i'm sorry it's not that you growing less actually you growing a lot and china is growing a lot and you put these countries together your one of the biggest producers of

grain i mean what you are so i can take your point i'm going to have to show me after a short break we'll continue our discussion on food security stay with our. wealthy british style. guys.

margetts weiner scandal. find out what's really happening to the global economy is a report on our. welcome back to talk i'm peter lavelle to remind you we're discussing the politics of food . but before let's see what russians think about this issue the price of food around the world is rising in russia high temperatures drought and massive wildfires this summer threaten the problems as a result russia lost a third of its grain crops and over twenty percent of the potato harvest the

drought has also had an impact on inflation according to the russian public opinion research center citizens are divided on inflation impact forty eight percent believe it is moderate and even tepid and another four to seven percent say it is high this practice the government is assuring russians that prices will flatten out by the end of the year. ok i'd like to go doubt you do going to a different direction we use the terms food security mentioned a lot in food sovereignty and sometimes and i'd like to talk about both rob if i can go to you in london i mean what is food food security because are we speaking about globally or we do looking at it each individual country or it depends on how you want to apply the term. yeah i think i think there are different. definitions of that and i think most people would look at a national level so there's a debate in the u.k.

here about how do we grow north of our own food and if there were a problem in the world market or if there was some kind of international crisis would we be able to feed ourselves we had that problem during the second world war so there's that there's that problem for that reason a lot of people argue that we should have more local production of food. as well as the environmental benefits are supposed to top so that we would have security without food sovereignty i think that that's actually overstated i think actually we're better off trading with we know that different countries are going to be more efficient at producing different kinds of foods or even non-food crops and using those norms crops to gain foreign exchange and therefore to be able to buy the food that they need so britain. in the food price crisis in two thousand and eight didn't really have a problem prices went up a bit it was uncomfortable for some people but actually in terms of the food being on the shelves in the supermarkets we didn't have

a problem because we were able to trade when and if i go to you and in burlington this is still work for everyone here because we have we have private enterprise private companies by the way they call it land grabbing right now if they can secure food for their own people you know i'm just making this up here is someone in britain is buying something in kenya ok kenya has some problems with feeding its own people and well but that land that's been purchased is producing agriculture for someplace else in the world we could technically have a situation where a country is starving but its production is being exported and they can be indigenous people can eat it will told the land but they can't eat it we can get into a situation like that quickly that's why i ask about food security and. in that. way in that kind of situation when as i said india's been using less i was talking about the fact that our prime flood thailand's are being grabbed for. urban expansion for factories for superhighways across the country we have protests of

farmers against land grab saying we're supposed to produce food for our people trade liberalization and the so-called free trade which isn't free trade it basically means food goes into the hands of agribusiness like cargill and russia in the one nine hundred seventy three soviet union one hundred seventy five was an example which showed to the world that food production was now determined by the trading power of these giant corporations when the trade sanctions were broken by cargill and american retailers ending up in soviet union. i think the fact that we now have an integrated food system is creating more instability in the food. prices as well as in food access it is allowing this massive land grab which in effect is robbing food from the poor and the third is just as the the russian import just showed we have to factor in climate change when rob talks about all that anyone buy

from anywhere where india was told stop producing your food by the world bank and we were told we should buy from australia and the u.s. will the u.s. grain is going for cars and animals and australia has had extended drought you cannot. give up your food sovereignity food serenity is the right and freedom to be able to determine the ability to produce your food and in other times of climate change to produce that food with climate insurance and the only way you can have climate insurance is ensuring that your soils have large amounts of organic matter that means doing organic farming it's both a mitigation as well as an adaptive strategy but for our part of the world it also means the effect of incomes from farmers goes down most of the money that is being made by the corporation. is being made at the cost of small farmers. in india

monsanto super profits in genitally engineered cotton have come from the small farmers who grow cotton and today they are in such deep debt for paying royalties two months until they are committing suicide two hundred thousand farm so sides is one step beyond ok ok so we need just a knowledge the agrarian crisis that has been created by a trade driven not by freedom of people but by freedom of corporations ok if i go back to rome could we have food security and free trade at the same time because again we have fewer countries that are growing food or enough food for their own security and let's say for example the united states in a real example this year russia the united states don't have the yields that everyone expected and that's again causing the volatility in price but you know could we ever get to the world to a world where everyone can have food secured for them where it's a political or it's it's not driven exclusively by market forces again deep make

sure it's just not treated as a commodity which you know i'm kind of changing gears from the first part of the program but you know there's a lot of countries in world that certainly just can't produce food because they believe in trade because trade will to alleviate that problem. yes well you see the issue of food security has to be syria has few dimensions as you know if you has some good definition for it one of the dimensions you discussed but the question of access to food is really an important dimension which we haven't discussed now if you take again the latest figure from a pharaoh nine hundred twenty five million people hungry while this is happening at a time when actually there is food for everybody why they can't have that food they don't even have a penny i mean it's not even question of the prices we're talking about today these high prices certainly adds to the problem but it's not going to really change the situation of those one hundred twenty five million but even if you have to prices they won't be able to afford it so we do have a income issue here that we have to address the second point i want to make is that

we should not mistake food security beat food self-sufficiency. as it was mentioned at the beginning i mean countries may want to have self-sufficiency policies and in many countries it works and it's the best thing to do in many countries it can cost a lot of money and at the end of the day maybe at the expense of other things now i know there will be people who will be arguing against that in cases where there is some potential to at least do the basic food self-sufficiency but that the issue is that i think i don't agree to take trade as something negative trait can be something extremely positive look at today russia or crane cars i kissed on these will be the countries which ended in the future are going to be the breadbasket for increased population that we're going to have that is where the increase is going to come no single country except a few may be able to have the natural resources and the let's say to god gifts to be able to produce enough for their own people so having said that i do not want to

undermine the importance of let's say inequality which exists i do not want to ignore the very important fact raise about concentration of most of this food is coming from is distribution mechanism but if there are problems with the. system we have to address that i do not believe that trade is one of them ok rob you were nodding your head at one point we were talking about trade and i did some research on your writing on this and you do believe in trade but we're going to want you don't want to be called a free market fanatic out ok but a lot of people say that problems that we have now are because of the western conceptions of free trade in dealing with the south and they say that's where the problems come from it's the type of trade it's a type of relationship not really the marketing it in of itself. well there is an unbalanced relationship in this is one area where i think more work can be to both the united states and particularly europe very unbalanced

policies first of all by allowing. restrictions or tariffs on food coming in from developing countries which could be very beneficial to the development of those countries but also by subsidizing their farmers directly and indirectly in their production which group which creates an imbalance situation if we have genuinely free trade i think that it will be much more possible for the developing countries to use agriculture as a means of pushing for a broader social development through those countries that's a really disagreement from donner about the two towards things like industrialization and the building of roads and things like this and urbanization these are very very important things and the history of the last two hundred years indicates in country after country where those things have taken place where fewer people have been farmers and therefore actually been less vulnerable in many ways because instead of worrying about how much food they themselves produce they can worry about their income and. are able to buy the things that they need so actually

that broader social development is really really key to ending this i think a real tragedy that hundreds of millions of people go hungry going backwards. i mean it's not because we have all the time is that there's no should is actually the wrong way round banana go ahead you had a last word by the way go ahead you know what i was saying is i mean we're all still going it's as if the problem is that there pharma that's not the problem the problem is that the farmers aren't being allowed to make an adequate living because they're being made to spend too much on costs of production and then they're getting too little for what they produce so if these reduce the cost of production which means you know get rid of monsanto's dmoz we'll have solved the problem the problem of this we have solved it in argentina we have solved it in the cotton belts of india sri let's solve it in the amazon. in brazil and i think we would even have sold a large pot of the small farm a problem in the united states so far as i'm not the problem they are the solution

the industrial view that you can reduce the number of small samas replace them by energy say slaves i meant forty percent of the greenhouse gases to a told me non-sustainable system of are going to have the phrase this is returning to our very good discussion i will have to jump in here many thanks to my guest today in rome burlington and in london and thanks to my viewers for watching us here are to see you next time and remember crosstalk.

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a fifth of the world's males if you go to lose on the run is alleged to have made a fortune of over one hundred million dollars by sending out emails advertising virility. drugs. more fears of homegrown terrorism in the us following of the arrest of an alleged terrorist suspects caught up in an f.b.i. sting while the california chamber of commerce says legalizing marijuana won't improve the state's economy this and a lot more in the only on the show that's up next right here on our. folk on the lower show will get the real headlines with none of the mercy we're going to live out of washington d.c. now today we're going to ask if the man accused of plotting the d.c. metro attacks is really a case of entrapment.