fortunately today our major companies at home are not at all keen on innovation. pipeline a member of a working group which deals with the innovative development of state owned companies but i'm perfectly aware that administrative methods can be used to introduce the need for innovation in state owned companies but that scheme won't work in private firms the demand for innovation emerges when the market becomes competitive competition forces companies to improve their work create products with a higher added value increased labor productivity cut expenses etc that's what innovation is needed for technological innovation doesn't influence eventual profit and loss because they depend on a monopoly in the market rather than official cooperation it's obvious that such a company will have no need for innovation that's why i believe that improving the competitiveness of russian business will certainly contribute to the innovative development of our economy thank you very much for this interview.

where russia. found. businesses take advantage of the. economic life gives birth to. you're watching our t.v. let's have a recap of our top stories this hour president dmitri medvedev says visit to russia school real islands has sparked outcry in japan which claims the territory as its

own the islands came under moscow's control at the end of the second world war at all believed to have vast oil and gas reserves. as u.s. troops leave iraq local forces are struggling to contain surging violence on sunday fifty two people died when militants seized a church in baghdad demanding the release of all their prisoners in iraq and. the scientists propose a new source of drinking your energy which could have the world's dependence on fossil fuels but not everyone is convinced the war you have actually is the fuel of the future. up next r.t. investigates how some african countries are in slavery and the hunt for the black metal our cell phones and computers are made of.

since two thousand and one. has been leading a powerful organization in a little known campaign. a campaign involving a device that has become indispensable in our daily lives. is simple stuff the cell phone this mobile phone is a remarkable piece of engineering but look inside yes there's blood in this machine there's blood in this device because your mobile contains tiny electronic circuits and they couldn't work without a mineral called coal town it's mined in the eastern congo. yet the song there is blood here the blood of congolese who are dying in a terrible conflict. to learn more about coltan the precious metal at the heart of every mobile you must

go to the congo fourteen hundred kilometers from the capital kinshasa near the rwandan border in south keep. this region is a geological miracle stuffed full of minerals and it's ravaged by war four million people have died in the past thirteen years the violence feeds off the abundance of natural resources. we're driving towards the mountains where the mines are it's a dangerous region the congolese army and not in full control here joseph is coming with us he's the mayor of a small town called z. beera off of his municipality is occupied by guerrillas you know he says he did it and came to this area and they never left. and that's a real problem for you isn't it whole communities of congolese have been driven out there have been skirmishes only if you don't was of course the congolese population have suffered serious consequences yet there are killings massacres kidnapping that's when it is and it was. before reaching rebel territory we stop at the zone

commanders checkpoint it's guarded by the congolese army. good morning coming on and no it's captain sorry captain of the soldiers a suspicious they're not completely in charge here. i don't know how far you going and we going as far as the mine. follow and joseph introduces us to the officer he's the only person who can give us a pass to let us go on. this one. now. that. you know. a few kilometers of no man's land. pretty soon there's no one to be seen the congolese are too afraid to come this far deep in the valley after the bridge

the land is controlled by the rebel militias. this is the last outpost of the congolese army. a handful of soldiers hold the bridge we showed the pass given us by the zone commander. it's somewhat of a thought from here to two and a half kilometers where you have to see them when they come we see them. to say hello no we wave at them and really you get on with them ok good luck see you later . that's it after the bridge we're in the rebels are on the track is deserted but we sense that we're being watched from the hills. suddenly we have to stop. a small group of rebels has surrounded the car. we'll call it the well.

we're french journalists. with it they want to talk to an officer. and they come in announce that went because of all this is because of. the guerrillas the suspicious their leaders and the way to be seen for. these agendas from french television. we would like to meet one of your leaders to ask him to explain what's happening here and what your aims are. what kind of aims. and the situation in congo in rwanda. that's why we'd like to meet one of the leaders. they're not here but go to the next village and wait first then. we went about to argue the rebels cut across the hills while we continue along the track.

they told us to meet them in this village. no chance to get the camera out of the car. cook at the border and. the men are carrying sacks of minerals on their heads under the beady eyes of the rebel soldiers who are never far away. or right far right. come fall. yes we've come a long way we're just in the i'm a member of the f.t.l. . to get everything quiet yes it's quiet no problems here. the f.t.l. is the name of the rebel movement when they come from neighboring rwanda and they've been here for thirteen years. a village you know agrees to tell us a little about the coltan mines. once he's safely inside our vehicle. we never stop digging. because he isn't close because. these

people are afraid to dig because of the danger. but the minerals are still there. but as soon as you mention the militias no one wants to talk. or they live this is where they get their money how do they buy their weapons their ammunition through their connection with the mines. i can't say anything about that when. it's ok ok i'll go and see them i'll be back. the local chiefs agree to meet us but they refused to be filmed. many of these men have international markets for their arrest they call these are wondering rebels into ham wayne these are the people who committed the rwandan genocide in one thousand nine hundred forty eight hundred thousand tutsis were massacred by hutu militias. when the situation was reversed tens of thousands of hutus had to cross the congolese border the fear of being massacred by the tutsis. among them women issue men of the former rwandan

regime and the soldiers who carried out the genocide and army in full flight crossed into congo with their weapons and supplies these are the people we meet in today we're carrying a hidden microphone. we'll have a new way from french television we come from paris we're making a documentary about the millions twenty million. mines everywhere around here. they stretch from here to chembur and. everywhere around here. and that's as far as we get the rebels discover a microphone they are going to show us any mines we decide to leave. on the way back we passed people carrying minerals coltan. they want to get out of this is known as fast as possible to sell their merchandise for their own they especially want to avoid paying

a few notes in taxes to the rebel militia men. but that isn't the end of their troubles crossing the bridge should mean crossing to freedom but each barrel is shaken down as we watch. they don't want us to film they don't want us to record the congolese people being ripped off by their own soldiers. like . what joseph is disgusted by the situation he lectures the soldiers on the subject. and the mineral carriers take advantage of the moment to slip away. at this only checkpoint makes people pay to post and that's not allowed only it's extortionate from. the mineral carriers meet up a few kilometers further on at this house in runa this is the village where all the

coal time in the region is gathered some of these men have worked for four days to get here. that's. it and much to the sex wait. forty kito forty. a barrel gets fifteen euros for this job. another to feel safe away from the militias joseph tells us the whole story. isn't to the places where this or is found a. often occupied by foreigners and the mineral is a form of currency is ok that the problem of there are two aspects to the problem the political side and the economic side the political side is the fact that there are always foreigners on congolese soils and they should leave this land and return home. but in the meantime they're stealing from the congolese the foreigners are getting rich. but not the ordinary congolese.

to get to a mine we have to travel a few dozen kilometers west to a region recently retaken by the congolese army. after three hours' drive in a rough crack we reach a plateau congolese soldiers go with us they're supposed to protect the mine from the rebels. in fact the mine is a quarry the workers are adolescents who slave like convicts. and . this is colton the black gold of the congo pieces of rock attached to limestone just what you know what colton is used for no we don't really know we know it's a mineral it's quite

a muddy. every able bodied young person in the village must dig the mountain they have no choice in the mine is the only way to earn a living. how old are you fifteen. someone just young children. as in a gold mine the earth is washed several times. the impurities are washed away leaving gray sand dotted with little black petals. this is the coat and that the armed groups want so much not long ago they came to get it with weapons as anatole the village headmen remembers. there were an issue groups the f.t.l. and they often attacked to get the cult. if they came when they knew people had. if they came to steal it but they kill people to. never stop doing that

oh they come into the area they steal the cows the goats. because. they don't take the coltan anymore no they don't come here because we're well protected here. this is their protection a handful of civilians commanded by a soldier poorly armed and ready paid they to sometimes extort money from the miners. for the precious mineral is heated sifted and carefully packed before being resold to local dealers. that would. discuss ten dollars yes. ten dollars for a small tin of colt and several days work for

a minor. through when. there are a few roads so airplanes are the usual way to take the call times of the town's. bukavu airport is the hub of the region's mineral trade. inquisitive people are not popular here with filming with a hidden camera the plane's make daily trips to the mining zones to supply them with food and equipment we joined one of the flights. for pilots a well paid each flight costs two thousand five hundred dollars the shuttle missions are particularly dangerous. there have been many accidents crashes in the hills i'll show you a few wrecks. if they were in the clouds and they didn't see the hills it was too heavy they couldn't climb. and the other danger

is the armed men who are everywhere around here. usually we know what's happening around here if there are any armed groups in the area. to have a turn back very often if we land and we see that an armed group has taken over the airport we have to take off again. has anyone ever shot at the plane many times. this is more along the strip five hundred metres of hard a pocket handkerchief landing is always scary here. you can't afford to make a mistake or the plane will end up in the trees. sacks of flour sugar cases of beer supplies to be sold on to the minus.

but the most important thing is what they'll be taking back colton. this is one week's production the sec's are not especially big but they weigh on average forty kilograms called tan is one of the most dense metals in the world. was eight hundred twenty nine kilos. this plane will be carrying about eighty thousand dollars with. the details on the manifest a very sparse just the amount in the recipient of the or nothing about its origin. the plane comes to mahlangu just once every ten days without it the village would be completely cut off. there's been no road since one thousand nine hundred sixty eight so there are no trucks nothing you get here on foot and you carry things on your back you sit in my. living how many days is it take to get a book of you almost

a week. this is our office and this is where we have the radio let it go to the control tower that's the control tower we have. the town and its equipment above the base and. this is the v.h.f. transmitter that goes in the control tower it helps the pilot to land safely. the radio can be used to warn pilots if rebels have taken over the zone that hasn't been peace in this region since one thousand nine hundred four morris many people have died here maybe thirty the fighters wanted control of the minerals like colton and. now we have protection and security there's trouble elsewhere we've heard about it there are still rebels where are the rebels you have to see them yes they ransack some of the villages around here.

it will take less than an hour to get to the town. this is book of the capital of south kivu where in the cathedral. we've come here to meet john both school a follower of liberation theology he's one of the leading critics of the blood trade and colton. says that he did you ever get bored of talking about natural resources things like that. as that's exactly what has caused the problems here is how do you expect this to. it's as if by giving us natural resources the lord has trapped us because other people come and take them from us and instead of improving our lives they've made us much more unhappy when it was.

for john bosco his work is a celebration every believer is waiting for a single moment his son. should i've made the peace of the lord be upon you. and upon me i needed as much as you. well what if a difference why doesn't the country function properly after the collision because many of the people here want to play before they have worked that's cheating surely that's corruption if they are prepared to sell themselves to foreigners and that's why we have the war in the congo they on the hutus and tutsis fight each other you fools they give them all weapons bang bang they fight and while they fight the cult time is mind colton gold's diamonds. do you see this gesture. the

n.b.a. is popular in this town he's warning cry finds an echo with the poorest of the poor . who only they organize the war so they can carry on pillaging us but i say it's not a good thing for the waste the west would earn much more here if they stopped draining the country dry and started to help the congo to take off economically the congo's riches would do more good for the world without this greed the western state should take another look at this system and crack down on the traffickers and the other modern pirates who are behind this war. to come would then be something to consider give us. the base closest allies this woman christine discrete she's the daughter of a belgian planter and the congolese teen pika i would jump she runs an association for women who've been victims of the violence here she attacks the rwandan rebels

who control the mines. these women have had a miraculous escape they just got away from their hutu torturers they've been raped several times by rebel soldiers. cecile was sixteen years old they kidnapped her and have been. illegal for. they held her in the forest for a year and a half using her as a sex slave six yet. one day she managed to escape she was pregnant and she is the little result of the rape little sylvie at the head of the decision . they took my mother and my two brothers my two brothers were taken to work in the mines they were cotinine. did you work in the mines you know the men did they were taken to work in the forest like slaves. and when you were too exhausted they cut your throat that's how your life ends. either they burn you

alive or they carve you up with a machete so far if you're lucky they shoot you in the head. so yes they have lots of mines. and there are people in the town who bring the money to. those people leave with the minerals from which they sell in the town. ok. christine is often their only hope in a region where terror is everywhere she gives each one of them ten dollars a month that's a lot of money here. so you can manage you know. abidjan bosco does more than denounce this situation he records the crimes hoping that one day the torturers will be punished by divine justice and by human justice for the barbarous acts they are still committing. so what keeps these groups going is the

knowledge they can get money for the minerals they dig up and selling of and when you see things like this if you ask yourself do the people who buy their minerals is the product of their rapes do they have a conscience told you they're not happy to. look at the kinds of things they didn't before. the problem a book of who is that money and conscience don't go together there's no bank here no industry but people are building everywhere they call these houses in. this town is full of small air freight companies and as specialists transporters. hypocrisy is everywhere everybody makes money from the mineral trade john b. and c. kill a freight taken c they supply the miners with basic goods. such as these are the

products so much is batteries and so on that sit at our own people use it for support for the clients. see what the plans of the clients of the traders who transport their stuff to the interior. possible to much undesigned it yeah well the ones i love when you do is you're going to buy the even go to radio to communicate with them and while they're in the forests. they arrange the transport of coltan and other minerals for the businessmen in the town and they also buy call time to resell on their own account about one hundred dollars a kilo that's the export price of contact. the fifty's and we do business in this group and we make a small commission if you do and who sets the prices are pretty who sets the prices you do. sitting. in the white set the prices. but still it's the

world market it's you if you're the one to make the telephones it's if i think. it's. as for knowing where the money they pay the producers of the cult and zap they prefer to be careful. whether it goes to financing the de benyon we don't know . and yet today money set in the does finance the gorillas in this region. on the other side of lake we visit goma capital of the neighboring province of north kivu. this region is full of minerals too and wrecked by rebel.

militias that so much i know which of course the five hundred tons of uranium as americans go to the polls it would appear that nothing's interest john and republican party and hot tea partiers of the g.o.p. . the admiral no human a passenger liner sailing in the black sea. august thirty first nineteen eighty six. twenty three twenty. four kilometers off shore. crashes into another vessel. four hundred twenty three people died. russian titanic.