tourist would be scared of such cold water. and would never die if nothing is seen within arm's reach. but they are not tourists they are researchers. and feel worse online than in deep water. would be useless without. the tiny pieces needed to make them work. but every piece of coltan is extracted at a cost to life. more

news today violence is flared up. these are the images being from the streets of canada. corporations are today. the. rights of the few. from stupid. stunts on t.v. don't come. good

to have you with us here on our t.v. half past one am in moscow we're recapping the stories that shape the week moscow caused georgia's arrest of thirteen alleged russian spies a political farce aimed at scoring political points back home to police he's moved was also met with mistrust. one of russia's top investigative journalist severely beaten in moscow police say oleg kashin professional activities might have been a motive behind the attack. or of russia's far east coral islands has angered japan which also claims the territory of moscow says its ownership is beyond dispute and promises to invest in the remote region. and president obama's party suffers a defeat in the u.s. midterm elections but many say it's ordinary americans who really lost out as big business played a big role in deciding the outcome. well you may not have heard of colton but you're likely to have used a metallic or found in many common things from cell phones to computers but rap and

consumer demand for end of the developing world is fueling and funding killings in congo more and part one of our special report coming up next. since two thousand and one marc olivier herman has been leading a powerful organization in a little known campaign. a campaign involving a device that has become indispensable in our daily lives. it's simple stuff the cell phone this mobile phone is a remarkable piece of engineering but look inside there's blood in this machine that is so there's blood in this device because your mobile contains tiny electronic circuits and they couldn't work without a mineral called cold hands that it's mind in the eastern congo. yet this song there is blood here the blood of congolese who are dying in

a terrible conflict. to learn more about co time the precious metal at the heart of every mobile you must go to the congo fourteen hundred kilometers from the capital kinshasa near the rwandan border in south keep. this region is a geological miracle stuffed full of minerals and it's ravaged by war four million people have died in the past thirteen years the violence feeds off the abundance of natural resources. we're driving towards the mountains where the mines are it's a dangerous region the congolese army and not in full control here joseph is coming with us he's the mayor of a small town called z. beera off of his municipality is occupied by guerrillas did not he says he did and came to this area and they never left. and that's

a real problem for you isn't it whole communities of congolese have been driven out there have been skirmishes only if you don't was of course the congolese population have suffered serious consequences yet there are killings massacres kidnapping that's in it isn't it. before reaching rebel territory we stop at the zone commanders checkpoint it's guarded by the congolese army. good morning coming down and though it's captain sorry captain one of the soldiers a suspicious they're not completely in charge here. i don't know how far are you going and we going as far as the mine. follow. joseph introduces us to the officer he's the only person who can give us a pass to let us go over the.

now. you know. a few kilometers of no man's land. pretty soon there's no one to be seen. the congolese are too afraid to come this far deep in the valley up to the bridge the land is controlled by the rebel militias but this is the last outpost of the congolese army. a handful of soldiers hold the bridge we showed the pass given us by the zone commander. it's somewhat of a fall from here to two and a half kilometers where you ever see them when they come we see them. to say hello no we wave at them really you get on with them ok good luck see you later. that's it after the bridge we're going the rebels are on the track is deserted but

we sense that we're being watched from the hills. suddenly we have to stop. a small group of rebels has surrounded the car. we'll call it the well. we're french journalists. they want to talk to an officer. and they come on announce that went because of all this is because of. the guerrillas the suspicious their leaders and the way to be seen for. these agendas from french television. we would like to meet one of your leaders to ask him to explain what's happening here and what your aims are. what kind of aims. of the situation in congo in rwanda. that's why we'd like to meet one of the leaders. they're not here but go to the

next village and wait first then. we went about to argue the rebels cut across the hills while we continue along the track. they told us to meet them in this village. had. no chance to get the camera out of the car. cook at the border and. the men are carrying sacks of minerals on their heads under the d.d.a. eyes of the rebel soldiers who were never far away. or right for right. come fall. yes we've come a long way a lot when history i'm a member of the f.t.l. . forget everything quiet yes it's quiet no problems here. the f.t.l. is the name of the rebel movement they come from neighboring rwanda and they've

been here for thirteen years. a village agrees to tell us a little about the coltan mines. once he's safely inside our vehicle. we never stop digging. because he isn't close because. these people are afraid to dig because of the danger. but the minerals are still there but as soon as you mention the militias no one wants to talk. to you how do they live this is where they get their money how do they buy their weapons their ammunition to their connection with the mines. i can't say anything about that when. it's ok ok i'll go and see them i'll be back. the local chiefs agree to meet us but they refused to be filmed. many of these men have international markets for their arrest they call these rwandan rebels the into

hum wayne these are the people who committed the rwandan genocide in one thousand nine hundred forty eight hundred thousand tutsis were massacred by hutu militias. when the situation was reversed tens of thousands of hutus had to cross the congolese border for fear of being massacred by the tutsis. among them when militia men of the former rwandan regime and the soldiers who'd carried out the genocide and army in full flight crossed into congo with their weapons and supplies these are the people we meeting today we're carrying a hidden microphone or. whatever we have from french television we come from paris we're making a documentary about the mines so i mean. there are mines everywhere around here. they stretch from here to champion and. everywhere around here. and that's as far as we get the rebels discover a microphone they are going to show us any mines we decide to leave. on the way

back we passed people carrying minerals coltan. they want to get out of this is known as fast as possible to sell their merchandise for their own they especially want to avoid paying a few notes in taxes to the rebel militiamen. but that isn't the end of their troubles crossing the bridge should mean crossing to freedom but each barrel is shaken down as we watch. they don't want us to film they don't want us to record the congolese people being ripped off by their own soldiers. like . what joseph is disgusted by the situation he lectures the soldiers on the subject. and the mineral carriers take advantage of the moment to slip away.

this only checkpoint makes people pay to post and that's not allowed only it's extortionate that's what most of. the mineral carriers meet up a few kilometers for their own at this house in run this is the village where all the coal time in the region is gathered some of these men have worked for four days to get here. that's. it and much to the sex wit. forty kito forty. a barrel gets fifteen euros for this job. another to feel safe away from the militias joseph tells us the whole story. isn't true if you could get all the places where this or is found a. often occupied by foreigners and the mineral is a form of currency is ok that liberal democrat there are two aspects to the problem

the political side and the economic side the political side is the fact that they're always foreigners on congolese soil they should leave this land and return home. but in the meantime they're stealing from the congolese the foreigners are getting rich. but not the ordinary congolese. to get to a mine we have to travel a few dozen kilometers west to a region recently retaken by the congolese army. after three hours drive in a rough track we reach a plateau congolese soldiers go with us they're supposed to protect the mine from the rebels. in fact the mine is a quarry the workers are adolescents who slave like convicts. and

. this is colton the black gold of the congo pieces of rock attached to limestone just what you know what colton is used for no we don't really know we know it's a mineral it's quite a muddy. every able bodied young person in the village must dig the mountain they have no choice in the mine is the only way to earn a living. how old are you fifteen. someone just young children. as in a gold mine the earth is washed several times the impurities are washed away leaving grey sand dotted with little black pebbles. this is the cold time that the armed groups want so much not long ago they came to get it with weapons as anatole the village headmen remembers. there were initial groups the f.d.a.

allowed they often attacked to get the cult. acoustical if they came when they knew people had some if they came to steal it but they kill people to. never stop doing that oh they come into the area they steal the cows the goats. because they don't know that they don't take the coltan any more no they don't come here because we're well protected here. at home i know this is their protection a handful of civilians commanded by a soldier poorly armed and ready paid they to sometimes extort money from the miners. for the precious mineral is heated sifted and carefully packed before being resold to local dealers.

that would. discuss ten dollars yes. ten dollars for a small tin of colt and several days work for a minor. through we. there are a few roads so airplanes are the usual way to take the colt and to the towns. bukavu air. it is the hub of the region's mineral trade. inquisitive people are not popular here with filming with a hidden camera the planes make daily trips to the mining zones to supply them with food and equipment we joined one of the flights. the pilots are well paid each flight costs two thousand five hundred dollars these

shuttle missions are particularly dangerous. there have been many accidents crashes in the hills i'll show you a few wrecks. they were in the clouds and they didn't see the hills it was too heavy they couldn't climb. and. the other danger is the armed men who are everywhere around here. usually we know what's happening around here if there are any armed groups in the area. to return back very often if we land and we see that an armed group has taken over the airport we have to take off again. has anyone ever shot at the plane many times. this is more along the strip five hundred metres of hard a pocket handkerchief landing it's always scary here. you can't

afford to make a mistake or the plane will end up in the trees. sacks of flour sugar cases of beer supplies to be sold on to the minus. for the most important thing is what they'll be taking back cult time. this is one week's production the sec's are not especially big but they weigh on average forty kilograms called tan is one of the most dense metals in the world. was eight hundred twenty nine kilos. this plane will be carrying about eighty thousand dollars with. the details on the manifest a very sparse just the amount in the recipient of the or nothing about its origin. the plane comes to mahlangu just once every ten days without it the village would be completely cut off. there's been no road since one thousand nine hundred eighty

eight so there are no trucks nothing you get here on foot and you carry things on your back. that's what. i mean how many days is it take to get a book of who almost a week with us and this is our office and this is where we have the radio the control tower that's the control tower we have. the town and its equipment above the basic. this is the v.h.f. transmitter that goes in the control tower it helps the pilot to land safely you know if you're sunk in. the radio can be used to warn pilots if rebels have taken over the zone that hasn't been peace in this region since one thousand nine hundred four morris but exam many people have died here maybe thirty the fighters wanted control of the minerals like. now we have protection. security

there's trouble elsewhere we've heard about it there are still rebels where are the rebels you have to see them yes they ransack some of the villages around here. it will take less than an hour to get to the town. this is book of the capital of south kivu where in the cathedral. we've come here to meet john both school a follower of liberation theology he's one of the leading critics of the blood trade and colton. says the need to ever get bored of talking about natural resources things like that. as that's exactly what has caused the problems here is

how do you expect this to. it's as if by giving us natural resources the lord has trapped us because other people come and take them from us and instead of improving our lives they've made us much more unhappy when it was. for john bosco his work is a celebration every believer is waiting for a single moment his seven. may the peace of the lord be upon you. and upon me i needed as much as you. well it'd be a difference why doesn't our country function properly have to look at this because many of the people here want to play before they have worked that's cheating story that's corruption if they are prepared to sell themselves to foreigners and that's why we have the war in the congo they on the hutus and tutsis fight each other you

fools they give them all weapons bang bang they fight and while they fight the cult time is mind colton gold's diamonds. do you see this gesture. the n.b.a. is popular in this town he's warning cry finds an echo with the poorest of the poor . who own they organize the war so they can carry on pillaging us but i say it's not a good thing for the waste the west would earn much more here if they stopped draining the country dry and started to help the congo to take off economically the congo's riches would do more good for the world without this greed the western state should take another look at this system and crack down on the traffickers and the other modern pirates who are behind this war. to come would then be something to consider give us. the base closest allies this woman christine discrete she's

the daughter of a belgian planter and the congolese teen pika i would jump she runs an association for women who've been victims of the violence here she attacks the rwandan rebels who control the mines. these women have had a miraculous escape they just got away from their hutu torturers they've been raped several times by rebel soldiers. cecile was sixteen years old they kidnapped her and have been. illegal for this in awful they held her in the forest for a year and a half using her as a sex slave six years. in july one day she managed to escape i think she was pregnant and she is the little result of the rape little silver that at the center of it is it. they took my mother and my two brothers my two brothers were taken to work in the mines they were. did you work in the mine

you know the men did they were taken to work in the forest like slaves. and when you are too exhausted they cut your throat that's how your life ends. either they burn you alive or they cover you up with a machete so far if you're lucky they shoot you in the head. so yes they have lots of mines. and there are people in the town who bring the money. those people leave with the minerals from which they sell in the town but it's ok to say christine is often their only hope in a region where terror is everywhere she gives each one of them ten dollars a month that's a lot of money here. and

beijing bosco does more than denounce this situation he records the crimes hoping that one day the torturers will be punished by divine justice and by human justice for the barbarous acts they are still committing. so what keeps these armed groups going is the knowledge they can get money for the minerals they dig up and selling it to bargain of and when you see things like this if you ask yourself do the people who buy their minerals is the product of their rapes do they have a conscience told you they were happy to. look at the kinds of things they didn't before. the problem the book of who is that money and conscience don't go together there's no bank here no industry but people are building everywhere they call these cotyledon houses. this town is full of small air freight companies and as specialists transporters.

hypocrisy is everywhere everybody makes money from the mineral trade john b. and c. kill a freight taken c they supply the miners with basic goods. such as these are the products so much is batteries and so on it's own people use it for support for the clients. see what the plans are clients of the traders who transport their stuff to the interior. possible to limit fund isn't it yeah well the ones i love what you do is you going to buy the even go to radio to communicate with them and while they're in the forest. they arrange the transport of coal time and other minerals for the businessman in the town and they also buy call time to resell on their own account about one hundred dollars a kilo that's the export price of contact. us in the

business we do business. and we make a small commission if you do and who sets the prices are pretty who sets the prices you do. sitting. in the white set the prices. but still it's the world market it's you if you're the one to make the telephones it's if i think. it's. as for knowing where the money they pay the producers of the cult and stop they prefer to be careful. whether it goes to financing the bennion we don't know. nothing about it. and yet today ten money set in lead does finance the good in those in this region. on the other side of

lake kivu we visit goma capital of the neighboring province of north kivu. this region is full of minerals too and racked by rebel. militias that so much i can tell you is one of the founders of democracy is the taliban bad guys republican party to make itself felt in washington how will this impact us foreign policy and the ongoing war in afghanistan.