but next we explore the wonders and mysteries of some of the world's largest lakes in russia and beyond. at first glance this isn't in conspicuous lake in kazakhstan but it didn't form under natural circumstances it's called the nuclear lake and it owes its appearance to the energy of the atom there is a long running argument about whether it's dangerous to swim in it as it is already sheerest twenty times as hard as it can be according to safety regulations. most of the surface of lake basking jack in russia's south is as hard as ice so much so that even trains can ride across it much in this you've seen the machine moves on rails it weighs about one hundred eighty tunnels. to kamchatka peninsula in the russian far east is known for its distinctive flora and fauna but you can also find some strange bodies of water lake del mia was born from a volcanic eruption there's also a lake of sulfuric acid here there are quite

a few such lakes across russia and the c.i.s. countries to this day people still haven't done ravel them many mysteries. these shots were taken on january the fifteenth one thousand nine hundred sixty five. on that day the first soviet underground nuclear explosion for peaceful purposes was carried out in what was then the kazakh republic the aim was to create a reservoir. is about to be set on. they count down to detonation has begun is five seconds left feet four three two one zero. the power of the one hundred forty killer tongue nuclear charge was nine times stronger than the bomb that was detonated at hiroshima the blast tore a hole in the landscape. after it had settled the crater left behind it was four

hundred thirty meters in diameter and one hundred meters deep. in one thousand nine hundred sixty five a special channel was made to flood the crater with. scientists hopes that spring flood water would fill the giant basins they also hoped the craters would provide enough water for irrigation and cattle breeding because they didn't expect much of operation from the relatively small surface area. in the one nine hundred sixty s. the soviet union carried out one hundred twenty four nuclear explosions under the atom for peace program most have the aim of facilitating the mining of minerals forty five years on scientists at kazakhstan's institute of radiation safety and ecology still regularly monitor radiation levels in the nuclear lake today a group under the direction of yuri still joke is heading that yuri moved to kazakstan from ukraine in the early one nine hundred ninety s. he knows these parts better than anyone else. just move the no answer do ball upon

test site of people here underground nuclear explosions work in burra well so. that it was. gun lies in the midst of a vast plain reservoirs are few and far between here it's one of the largest lakes in eastern cassocks down the landscape is breathtaking but at the same time having it's still unknown whether the area is filled with health risks but duty still job isn't too worried he wears a simple breathing mask and holding boots his workmate the diem's the heart of his here for the first time he's a radiation supervisor to david dean's tosk is to test the soil to see if it was contaminated by the explosion. here in this place or the background radiation that is say gamma radiation is comparable to radiation aboard an airplane

. someone stays here for ten to fifteen hours they will get a doze matching the one that people get during their flight. in one thousand nine hundred one yuri was an army serviceman at a nearby military test range he often came here to base even then he was not afraid of the radiation. is two point three micro civet. so it's like at the top yes. what about the off shore water is warm you can you and wave here especially at lunchtime when he is particularly hot here the salty but i've got no other concerns about it. scientists say the level of radiation you klyde contamination in the lake poses no health threat even though the water's chemical properties and salty taste make it unsuitable for drinking life can still be found we need some tiny fish thrive on

the lake bed and what we have just seen young fishes off shore which it would. the fish population will get back to what it used to be certainly during a warm summer. for. locals expect an influx of tourists efficient return to the new clear lake for the time being though travel is preferred to steer clear of check down. by contrast people from all over the world flock to lake basking shark which is located four hundred kilometers from the city of astrakhan in russia's south. baskin jack is a unique reservoir there's about as much sold here as in the dead sea three hundred grams per liter. or is it about this can chuck lake is left over from an ocean that once covered the earth and that of the three hundred million he has ago the ocean

began to recede but it is pretty the evaporation of seawater around lead to fractional salt crystallisation is used as a result the geology will structures here to consist of a mass of table salt. in the. historian say soldiers first mindedly bascom joke fifteen hundred years ago today the mining is done industrially. monarch know the bias has been working in salt mining for more than twenty years has watched methods develop. in the old days crowbars in spades we used to chip away at salt crystals now special equipment is used to them is just to just let it go. because this is a new generation of so mining machine and such machines have been in operation here for only a decade they're made locally and you won't find such powerful machines anywhere else in the world much in it as you seem to moves on rails it weighs about one

hundred eighty tonnes used to form. tracks laid on a seam of souls in the middle of the lake allow the device to move to and fro. the sleep isn't made of wood because other materials would be destroyed by the sun's powerful blades he used to cut off and loosen the seam of hard crystals. the salt is then mixed with water and sent to a special chamber under pressure. the crystals are separated from the water flushed and loaded into rail cars. it takes the so-called soul chip one hour to mine some three hundred tons of salt. doesn't move the mining season begins in march and lasts until november. and industrial salt is extracted a. huge mounds of salt rise up around.

but it goes it up a bulldozer moves the soldiers into which we cool the. belts and then take it to processing plants where it's. packed. the. thought to be inexhaustible with stocks naturally replenishing. the fact of the matter is that we mined salt in proportion to in common sense and all to million tons a year. at least means there is a state of which is good for the it system.

in the russian far east. volcano has a plateau roughly twelve kilometers wide and is dissected by a network of multiple springs. unique lakes. little rivers make up the complicated hydrothermal system of the terrain. well come over just school is all account there again the term comes from the spanish word caldera which means cauldron and refers to its gigantic crater being caused by a massive explosion. was on is part of the crew not the natural reserve of loss of lives and works here during the summer season he makes sure visitors don't enter the geothermal field without special permission and the company's excursions

to protect tourists from the beds which live in the area. brown bears enjoy both the cool grass and the hot earth of the caldera making trails among the hot springs but it takes practice to master them welcome art and young bears have found skin on their paws while their mothers can walk a moderate easily the young ones start to feel it and one as it's called to them the mother was walking ok while her little one just ran away to the shore and washer from there but a couple remember what the mother did and will be able to find for. the bear trail goes north and reaches lake down here which was formed by one of those on directions it's the only lake in the caldera that has cold clear water it's about a mile wide and is surrounded by siberian pine the bank is quite steep and there's hardly any shoreline around the lake just a narrow black ring of ash and volcanic rock the surface of lake down is never

choppy researches haven't found a single living organism in the lake until now. you there is an island in the middle of the lake and sego is used for nesting they must have brought some impregnated fish eggs or some baby fish and this must have started a new species we recently found one fish ashore and a look quite a bit different from one of the salmon breeds the arctic char must have developed differently possibly because of poor nutrition. this lake is known as a chloride mineral lake within it a species of bacteria which produce all fury cassatt which mixes with the water and streams out of the lake the hot and warm lakes of the use on caldera hostile to any advanced life forms they've been taken over by blue green algae. the process of oxygen it photo synthesis makes the water surface bubble and also prevents me thing

and carbon dioxide beneath the lake bed from breaking out and into the atmosphere. is that this area has a unique composition of both earth and water. you can find bacteria here with completely different biochemistry and belonging to different groups and that's very interesting. each lake in the use on caldera is an isolated ecosystem with its own chemistry and indigenous organisms and is among unesco's world heritage sites giving its national protection. culture is that so much a given to each musician has the power behind the bar when playing the blame game and where to go from here the west led drive to find a final peace settlement among the palestinians and israelis.

seventy six hours of intense fighting. six thousand desert of beach front battlefields several kilometers long. and now there is only one person who cares. you see we are surrounded by garbage everywhere but also there are. on this beach which of course is the very most appropriate city signification a symbol of everything that's wrong with our goddamn government allowing not only garbage but to a chair we wait where so many guys died. a new battle is going on. will the history be protected. return to terra what julian cooper story on our t.v. . wealthy british style sign. has no time to rise.

markets why not come to. find out what's really happening to the global economy with mike's cars or for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines tune in to cause a report on our. morning news today violence is once again flared up. these are the images the world has been seeing from the streets of canada. china operations are the day. one lake in the region has renowned medicinal properties. it's called slab

which means sweet lake because of the way the water seems to taste. in fact the water is not sweet. it has a salty taste because it contains sodium chloride and carbonate. where the water is soapy there is a lot of. any clothing no matter how dirty. it can be easily washed here without using any soap. the lake is in the nature reserve a protected area totaling eighteen thousand hectares each day rangers make the rounds looking for trance passes on thing and fishing here off of britain sweet lake is one of twenty and the reserve of which is the largest swans and other birds

nestle here. came here three years ago. very unlikely visitor here as they only tend to fly over the sea they took pictures of it and prove that it really was. the best. and is considered to be one of the cleanest. it's also. several hundred people. each day. because it's a flammable period and the forest is near. yes we know about it watch the fire and we'll never leave garbage here. we have to move on thank you.

tests. and various other. this makes a good remedy for the immune system it also helps fight diseases affecting the joints and. because she wants to prove. who has allergies. diseases. every little scratch there's a good deal silver in the lake. the readiness goes away without a trace. in the evening. of sweet like. a reach as high as one hundred. or two hundred twelve degrees fahrenheit.

was the first manmade reservoir to be created by an experiment. it's been scientifically demonstrated that most of the radiation was concentrated dumps. thrown up by the explosion. today. even. villages anyway. makeshift. alexander has tended cattle in these parts. but has no worries about living so close to it.

people have come here to measure radiation levels but so far nothing. each year water samples from to gun a carefully analyzed that this laboratory tests here have shown that the nuclear water is far from saying. it's just down the cesium is what we find most of all. we also find strong and sometimes plutonium there not in heavy concentrations but it's made it to keep away from them. an experiment was set up inch again in the late one nine hundred sixty s. thirty six types of fish including purana were released into the lake over several years only koppen tend to manage to adapt to their new habitat. whenever some again has the opportunity he goes fishing in the fish river he knows from his own experience what fishing in nuclear lake is all about he worked there

in the early one nine hundred eighty s. . there was even a fishing cooperative here they caught fish and took it to court charged of to sell which other people were happy to buy the fish according to tests on the whole the radionuclide concentration did not exceed safety levels so people were allowed to eat the fish. sort against the bolton was a hydrologist of the time his job was monitoring the amount of incoming water nets were used to catch the fish one basket wielded some five hundred kilos. i saw several unusual fish one of them had only one eye others had a tail looking like an airplane fin this is what it looked like but i didn't see the specimens very often. today the test range territory including lakes again

is rarely used in agriculture the future of the lake and surrounding area is an open question some suggest that fish should be bred here again you're still took as a different idea. so that i think we need to create several langmore examine the territorial test range and award them this status of unesco world heritage sites. and the new clear lake would be one of them. on weekends hundreds of people visit like basking shark in the asteroid region to bathe and have a good time. actually there's very little water in the lake the offshore area is a best about one metre deep but in the middle of the lake west salt is mind it can be as deep as eighteen or nita's. the water is in fact concentrated brine it's nearly impossible to seem kinda shocked. but because of all you don't have any support in the water the water itself the port feels like it doesn't float yours

and unusual for the station and just. looks like the dead sea but the water investing his words were as the water of baskin chakra helps initiate a natural healing process was knighted as he knew all living creatures on the earth originated from the ancient ocean and a long time ago is that people's blood plasma has the same condition as ancient oceanic water and the composition of the brine of lake described chuck is very similar to that of the blood plasma of humans only the concentrations are different . doctors advise people against staying in baskin shacks water for more than fifteen minutes just to be on the safe side. although the lakes water the sultan mud have healing properties treatment should be conducted under medical supervision. various procedures are administered at this nearby sanatorium.

the room is like a salt cave patients here breathe in specially made salty yet the procedure is still to help cure many diseases of the lungs bones and muscles the skin and the detest of system so when we don't send we take the salt from the salt lake about grind and dry it is and use a dozing unit before putting it in here. is this is where it's atomized and then the atomizers sends it into the room where the tiny particles are inhaled by patients that's in the ship the soldiers mind at baskin check accounts for four fifths of russians so production its properties make it among the world's best. the we have to watch our intake soldiers the minimal no animals can live without so it's little wonder that medics minus and spot tourists turn to bask in check the salt cellar that never run strong.

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a muslim extremist network to chechen militants. recognizing russia's imperfections moscow says it's on track in transforming its political system despite signs of stagnating democracy. as the u.s. puts its military on the move from iraq to afghanistan on their own part as it may boost the afghan insurgency and give locals false hope of continued the deadline. and the president of the world bank group says russia is now playing a more active role and global aids spoke exclusively to. that and more coming up in our program. around the world and around the clock this is. tops.