but up next we explore the wonders and mysteries of some of the was not just makes russia and beyond. at first glance this isn't in conspicuous lake in kazakhstan but it didn't form under natural circumstances it's called the new clear lake and it owes its appearance to the energy of the atom there is a long running argument about whether it's dangerous to swim in it as does radiation here is twenty times as high as it can be according to safety regulations. most of the surface of lake basking jack in russia's south is as hot as ice so much so that even trains can right across it much unless you seen the machine moves on rails it weighs about one hundred eighty tunnels. to kamchatka peninsula in the russian far east is known for its distinctive flora and fauna but you can also find some strange bodies of water lake del mia was born from a volcanic eruption there's also a lake of sulfuric acid here there are quite a few such lakes across russia and the c.i.s.

countries to this day people still haven't done ravel and many mysteries. the shots were taken on january the fifteenth one thousand nine hundred sixty five . on vamp day the first soviet underground nuclear explosion for peaceful purposes was carried out in what was then the kazakh republic the aim was to create a reservoir. is about to be set on. they count down to detonation has begun is five seconds left feet four three two one zero. the power of the one hundred forty killer tongue nuclear charge was nine times stronger than the bomb that was detonated hiroshima the blast tore a hole in the landscape. after it had settled the crater left behind it was four

hundred thirty meters in diameter and one hundred meters deep. in april nine hundred sixty five a special channel was made to flood the crater with. scientists hopes that spring flood or two would fill the giant basins they also hope the craters would provide enough water for irrigation and cattle breeding because they didn't expect much of operation from the relatively small surface area. in the one nine hundred sixty s. the soviet union carried out one hundred twenty four nuclear explosions under the atom for peace program most have the aim of facilitating the mining of minerals forty five years on scientists at kazakhstan's institute of radiation safety and ecology still regularly monitor radiation levels in the nuclear lake today a group under the direction of yuri still joke is heading that yuri moved to catholics down from ukraine in the early one nine hundred ninety s. you knows these parts better than anyone else. no answer do ball upon test side of

people here underground nuclear explosions work in burra well so. gun lies in the midst of a vast plain reservoir's a few and far between here it's one of the largest lakes in eastern cassocks down the landscape is breathtaking but at the same time having it's still unknown whether the area is fraught with health risks but duty soulchild isn't too worried he wears a simple breathing mask and toppling boots his workmate the deems of his here for the first time he's a radiation supervisor to david eames tosk is to test the soil to see if it was contaminated by the explosion. would. here in this place background radiation that is say gamma radiation is comparable to radiation aboard an airplane

but you someone stays here for ten to fifteen hours they will get a doze matching the one that people get during an air flight. in one thousand nine hundred one yuri was an army serviceman at a nearby military test range he often came here to base even then he was not afraid of the radiation. as two point three mike receive it. so it's like at the top yes. the off shore water is warm you can you and wave here especially at lunch time when he is particularly hot here to be salty but i've got no other concerns about it. scientists say the level of radiation you klyde contamination in the lake poses no health threat even though the water's chemical properties and salty taste make it unsuitable for drinking life can still be found we need some tiny fish thrive on

the lake bed now what we have just seen in young fish is off shore which it. population will get back to what it used to be certainly during a warm summer. or. locals expect an influx of tourists efficient return to the nuclear lake for the time being though travel is preferred to steer clear of check down. by contrast people from all over the world flock to lagos contract which is located four hundred kilometers from the city of astrakhan in russia's south. baskin jack is a unique reservoir there's about as much sold here as in the dead sea three hundred grams per liter. or is it about this contract lake is left over from an ocean that once covered the earth and that of the three hundred million he has the ocean began

to recede but it is pretty the a separation of sea water outlet to fractional salt crystallisation is used as a result the challenged structures here consist of a mass of table salt. in the. historian say salt was first minded like baskin took fifteen hundred years ago today the mining is done industrially. not know the bias has been working in salt mining for more than twenty years has watched methods develop. in the old days crowbars in spades we used to chip away at salt crystals now special equipment is used to them is just to just let it go. because this is a new generation of salt mining machine and such machines have been in operation here for only a decade they're made locally and you won't find such powerful machines anywhere else in the world much in it as you seem to moves on rails it weighs about one

hundred eighty tons to be used to form. tracks laid on a seam of souls in the middle of the lake allow the device to move to and fro. the sleep isn't made of wood because other materials will be destroyed by the sun's powerful blades he used to cut off and loosen the seam of hard crystals. the salt is then mixed with water and sent to a special chamber under pressure. here the crystals are separated from the water flushed and loaded into rail comes. in takes the so-called soul chip one alan to mine some three hundred tons of salt. doesn't move the mining season begins in march and lasts until november both white and industrial salt is extracted at lake basking chunks. huge mounds of salt rise

up around the. but it goes it up builders and moves the soul into it which we cool. and then take it to processing plants where it's grown and packed. the legs. to be inexhaustible with stocks naturally replenishing. that's sort of the the fact of the matter is that when mine salton proportion to income in amounts and all to million tons a year. and this means there is a state of only brand which is good for the ecology the system is in.

the camp chunk of an inch in the russian far east using volcano as a plateau roughly twelve kilometers wide and is dissected by a network of mud pulleys and hot springs. unique lakes hot steam jets and little rivers in make up the complicated hydrothermal system of the terrain. it can all just schools all account their game the term comes from the spanish word caldera which means cauldron and refers to its gigantic crater being caused by a massive explosion. was on is part of the crew not a natural reserve. lives and works here during the summer season he makes sure visitors don't enter the geothermal field without special permission and the company's excursions to protect tourists from the beds which live in the area.

brown bears enjoy both the cool grass and the hot earth of the caldera making trails among the hot springs but it takes practice to master them. welcome martin young bears have found skin on their paws so while their mothers can walk on a hot earth usually the young one started to feel it and one is a skull to them the mother was walking ok while her little one just ran away to the shore and washer from there but the couple remember what the mother did and will be able to find food. the bad trail goes north and reaches lake down here which was formed by one of her options it's the only lake in the caldera that has cold clear water it's about a mile wide and is surrounded by siberian pine the bank is quite steep and there's hardly any shoreline around the lake just a narrow black ring of ash and volcanic rock the surface of lake down the is never

choppy research is haven't found a single living organism in the lake until now with you know there's an island in the middle of the lake and siegel is used for nesting they must have brought some impregnated fish eggs or some baby fish and this must have started a new species we recently found one fish ashore and a look quite a bit different from one of the salmon breeds the arctic char it must have developed differently possibly because of poor nutrition. this lake is known as a chloride mineral lake within it a species of bacteria which produce self you're against it which mixes with the water and streams out of the lake. halston warm lakes of the use on caldera hostile to any advanced life forms they've been taken over by blue green algae. the process of oxygen exposure synthesis makes the water surface bubble and also

prevents me fane and carbon dioxide beneath the lake bed from breaking out and into the atmosphere. this area has a unique composition of both earth and water. you can find bacteria here with completely different biochemistry and belonging to different groups and that's very interesting. each lake in the use on caldera is an isolated ecosystem with its own chemistry and indigenous organisms and is among unesco's world heritage sites giving it special protection. question is that so much of an oldish musician has the power to try to tighten the mark when playing the blame game and where to go from here the west led drive to find a final peace settlement among the palestinians and israelis. seventy

six hours of intense fighting. six thousand dead at a beach front battlefields several kilometers long. and now there is only one person who cares. to see we are surrounded by garbage everywhere but also there are . on this beach which of course is very most appropriate signification i assemble all of everything that's wrong with our goddamn government allowing not only garbage but torture way where so many guys died. a new battle is going on. will the history be protected. return to terra what julian cooper story on our team. is used.

to leave. it's. going to be so much brighter if you move about someone from finest impressions. who from the start on t.v. dot com. one lake in the region has renowned medicinal properties. it's called. which means sweet lake

because of the way the water seems to taste. in fact the water is not sweet. it has a salty taste because it contains sodium chloride and carbonate. the water is soapy there is a lot of. any clothing no matter how dirty. it can be easily washed here without using any soap. the lake is in the nature reserve a protected area totaling eighteen thousand hectares each day rangers make the rounds looking for trance passes hunting and fishing here. sweet lake is one of twenty in the reserve of which is the largest. and other birds. scientists who came here three years ago. which is. very unlikely

visitor here as they only tend to fly over the sea they took pictures of it and prove that it really was a. sweet lake is the best known locally and is considered to be one of the cleanest in the u.s. . it's also thought to possess powerful healing properties several hundred people come here at weekends. each day ranges make checks to. heaven. because it's a flammable period. yes we know about it when we watch the fire and we'll never leave garbage here. we have to thank you. tests. and.

this makes it a good remedy for the immune system it also helps fight diseases affecting the joints. and to treat. diseases. the readiness goes away without a trace. in the evening. like. the. one hundred. or two hundred degrees fahrenheit.

explosion. demonstrated most of the radiation. dumps. thrown up by the explosion. being near them today poses no threat to health even so there are no towns or villages anywhere near the lake only shepherd's makeshift welling's. alexander has tended cattle in these parts for several years he knows how the lake was formed but has no worries about living so close to it. there were only four kilometers between my home and the lake. people have come here to measure radiation levels but so far nothing. each year water samples from to

ghana carefully analyzed that this laboratory tests here have shown that the nuclear water is far from sas it's just cesium is want to be fined most of all. we also find strontium and sometimes plutonium they're not in heavy concentrations but it's better to keep away from them. an experiment was set up inch again in the late one nine hundred sixty s. thirty six types of fish including purana were released into the lake over several years only koppen tend to manage to adapt to the new habitat. whenever sort of has the opportunity he goes fishing in the fish river he knows from his own experience what fishing in nuclear lake is all about he worked there in the early one nine hundred eighty s. . there was even

a fishing cooperative here they caught fish and took it to court charge of to sell . people were happy to buy the fish according to tests on the whole the radionuclide concentration did not exceed safety levels so people were allowed to eat the fish. sort of game so bolton was a hydrologist of the time. his job was monitoring the amount of incoming water nets were used to catch the fish one basket deal did some five hundred kilos. i saw several unusual fish one of them had only one eye others had a tail looking like an airplane fin this is what it looked like but i didn't see the specimens very often. today the test range territory including lakes again is rarely used in agriculture the future of the lake and surrounding area is an

open question some suggest that fish should be bred here again yuri still has a different idea. so that i think we need to create several langmore excel in the territorial test range in award them this status of unesco world heritage sites. and the new clear lake would be one of them. on weekends hundreds of people visit like basking shark in the asteroid region to bathe and have a good time. actually there's very little bullshit in the lake the offshore area is a best about one metre deep but in the middle of the lake where salt is mind it can be as deep as eighteen or nita's. the water is in fact concentrated brine it's nearly impossible to seem can bask in shock. but because of all you don't have any support in the water the water itself the port feels like it doesn't float yours

and unusual sensation and just. looks like the dead sea but the water investing his words were as the water of bounce contract helps initiate a natural healing process with united as he knew all living creatures on the earth originated from the ancient ocean and a long time ago is that people's blood plasma has the same condition as ancient oceanic water and the composition of the brain of lake described chuck is very similar to that of the blood plasma of humans only the concentrations are different . doctors advise people against staying in baskin shacks water for more than fifteen minutes just to be on the safe side. although the lakes water the sultan mud have healing properties treatment should only be conducted under medical supervision. various procedures are administered at this nearby sanatorium. the room is like a salt cave patients here breathe in specially made salty air the procedure is

thought to help cure many diseases of the lungs bones and muscles the skin and the detest of system. and we don't suddenly take the salt from the salt lake of grind and dry it is and use an dozing unit before putting it in here. so this is where it's atomized and then the atomizers sends it into the room where the tiny particles are inhaled by patients and they should the soldiers mind at baskin chalk accounts for four fifth's of thrushes so production its properties make it among the world's best. though we have to watch our intake salt is the minimal no animal can live without so it's little wonder that medics minus and spar tourists turn to bask in check the salt cellar that never runs dry.

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