is this early. because they're very quick to say oh this means this i think you have to look at what these cables say with the low diligence. comes out is that. the u.s. . trained of the u.n. . consensus on what it is to be a reputable democratic principled country that. close to the u.s. constitution that human chose. right after its ending thanks for being on the kaiser report. and that's going to do it for this edition of the kaiser report with me max kaiser and stacy herbert i want to thank my guests absent or tansey if you want i mean email place to sell at kaiser report at r t t v are you until next time this is banks guys are saying by all.

the clips of the. industry's a rapidly developing. now watty goes to the homeland of those with the strength of mind and body. to the land developed by cossacks in pension time. and which became the premier destination for a nineteenth century political exile. this is the. russia place on the party. the official. from the. video. and. the palm of your.

top news headlines from around the world. with. the international community for trying to interfere in the case of former. moscow said the west should stay out of russia. guilty of billions of dollars in.

bad weather hundreds of flights leaving thousands of passengers stranded travelers were left without information on the. floor. with little access to aid after. the headlines on. a u.n. representative for. bring peace to the countries devastated by civil war. sure is that so much i can tell you but you know larry when most of us were different sometimes symmetry is nothing new to the world and it's undeniable that it exists today however how should anti-semitism be defined.

hello again the welcome to spotlight the interview show on r.t. i'll bring alban today my guest on the show is it by him. on the ninth of january the people of southern sudan are expected to vote on the future of the region that referendum since it has gained independence fifty years ago it has been torn apart by ethnic and religious conflicts that you regions of the country darfur and southern sudan are the biggest headache for the government these days while the violence is still raging in darfur southern sudan is making an attempt to find a peaceful solution but will this referendum bring peace to the region who asked body they join special representative of the african union and u.n.

mission in darfur. the ethnic conflict in darfur has left hundreds of thousands dead millions of victims were forced to flee to neighboring countries but another regional government and the local people seem to have come to terms with their future south sudan is going to hold a referendum it will decide whether the region agrees to be a part of sudan to become an independent state a positive result could give added impetus to office accession claims by some sudan and darfur and in other countries like nigeria and south africa. how mr gambari and welcome to the shelves it's my pleasure to be on thank you very much thank you very much for coming well the referendum on january ninth in southern sudan well the people are expected. to come to the

polls and make their their valves do you believe that it will pass peacefully that everything will be according to the law the sofa will say so good my responsibilities. limited to a therefore of course vote my colleague from in carriers is in charge of helping the parties to implement the comprehensive peace agreement c.p.a. or we did referendum is key nonetheless in a very supportive way you know media walks with. my sister organization armies to sure that all the logistics support needed for the registration which is just been concluded including in about sixteen centers in the fall where about one hundred fifty thousand people have registered out of a possible voters of three hundred thousand when very peacefully. and if that's an

indication of for the rest of of southern sudan and the rest of the of the country so far so good well let's take a look at the history of this conflict in sudan then reported by spotlights you energy media. the sudanese civil war has been described as one of the longest lasting and deadliest was of the late twenty's same cheree it went on for twenty one years and could only run two million lives the war between the muslim north and largely christian songs ended in two thousand and five peace deal for peace between southern and northern sudan is. always been full time when sudan was a british colony the two provinces were administered separately after decolonized ation the two areas were integrated and the new with received most power which led to one arrest in the south since then the history of sudan has been that of endless insurgencies what adds fuel to the conflict is that the noose wants to dominate the

south which is reaching resources including the oil the two thousand and five comprehensive peace agreement has given the south to me for six years and the promise of a referendum on society the time for the referendum is approaching the southern sudanese vote on their independence. mr mr gambari is there still a possibility to maintain the unity of the country will will a federal state be created ever so that well they compress the peace agreement actually provided for the time between when it was signed and the referendum on january deny two during which time to make unity attractive and vote the government in the north and the government of southern sudan were to walk to make unity attractive but the option of or was always there for the people to exercise their

right of self-determination to choose whether to remain part of a united sudan or to go their separate ways i think. we'll find out of course. what is the choice of the people but the good thing is board the government of sudan and outsiders today and most of the african countries and those by the united nations have said we must all respect sept and respect the decision that we made as a result of the referendum but to make the unity attractive after the referendum both sides have to agree on such issues as the. future of oil sharing assets liability security international agreements border dear acacia citizenship and water who will maybe eight the resolution of these of these issues right now the african union has set up a panel high level panel led by a president or former president of south africa to walk with the parties even

before the referendum many of the issues to which you refer are actually meant to have been resolved before did a friend of but. several including a big a which you did not which was on mission very contentious issues but. i believe the parties will need. others to walk them through this outstanding or poster friend on issues which are very clued in status of southern sudanese who be in the north and in other sudanese who will be in this up by to kill issues the people of south sudan of for separation but what is clear is that they all remain sudanese who are linked by history by tradition. and you're graphically been next to one another and as they say you can choose your friends but often you cannot always choose your neighbors in international relations well here's how

president dmitry medvedev described russia's attitude to the referendum in southern sudan. it is my firm conviction that no matter what this referendums result is it will not only determine the future of sovan sudan its people who also have a substantial influence on the general political situation in the region i hope that the referendum will produce a result which will make it possible to establish the conditions necessary for continuing the post conflict settlement process and ensuring sudan sustainable development. is there a risk that in order to prevent the session our southern sudan had to could withdraw from the two thousand and five comprehensive peace agreement now how would the african union and the un react in this case i sincerely doubt that that is likely i think both sides of committed to implementing the c.p.a. the contras if there's agreement the african union have come in support of the

implementation of united nations particularly secular mr banking one has made it a priority of his administration to have the parties to a sure a that the referendum goes well and also that the outcome is reflected by the international community so i think the international community should look. beyond the referendum and try to help the parties. address a lot of the issues that will still remain even after a disease jews in one way or the other is there a possibility that certain sudan can declare independence unilaterally and if this happens made lead to military conflict like we witnessed say between ethiopia and eritrea i doubt it again i doubt it very strongly because there is at this point and as i said i'm not really principle irresponsible for the implementation of the c.p.a. but for what i can see because in darfur that there is not that likelihood because

if you look at the enthusiasm with which the people of south sudan have registered for the vote. the interest of the huge numbers and even in the north of sudan where the turnout is not as high i think people wanted a friend on to take place they want to exercise their right to vote and to exercise the right of self-determination. the independence of southern sudan may lead to a necessity to review the. a grievance on the status of noel is this is pretty dangerous to start reviewing these agreements. once again this is not an issue which principle you're responsible but i think your denial is of such critical importance to all the neighboring countries that i would defer to their judgment as to how best to do to proceed but i have seen that air force base by egypt by

its your peer by uganda to ensure that the waters of denial is truly something for the benefit of all the people you know you know the point of view of your colleagues are probably titian's another african countries there are similar maybe not great but similar problems in many regions of africa do you think that the neighbors and and other countries on the continent are afraid to see a precedent happen in sudan that can perhaps be a precedent for the for the separatists in their countries believe that that is saw however in ninety six for the heads of states i mean of the african leaders in cairo reached a decision that i thought is very wise and has been held up which is to say that the clue nearly heritage boundaries however the future they may be separate in people who want to be united and offer uniting people who perhaps would be better

if they were separated does do but boundaries should be respected and if there should be any change then it should be by mutual consent only one country is european eritrea has actually gone. outside of that parameter so clearly the african leaders recognize this problem in many ways in many countries in africa have a southern sudan possibility. but nonetheless the african union which is the successor to the organization of african unity have said let's abide by the united sixty four they plan and try to address. problem so that this is not an option says. joint special representative of the african union and the u.n. mission. shortly stay with us.

i. i. i. wealthy british.

market. find out what's really happening to the global economy. welcome back to spotlight going of in just a reminder that my guest on the show today is he brought him by any joint special representative of the african union and here in a mission in that for. missing america what the does the international community and mostly the african union do for the refugees from southern sudan is there

a chance that they will be able to return to the house anytime soon well the refugees mostly. dead would be up by the united nations high commission for refugees and of course the africa you know supports them one is hoping that the outcome of the referendum will not lead to a massive movement in either direction and therefore there's been some contingency planning on the part of the united nations board do that initial mission sudan which is committed to help in the implementation of the c.p.a. and the and the referendum and also you know me which are the or not to lead which is the of course concerned with for some contingency planning on how to address that as we heard earlier on the show today russian president shows special interest in the situation in sudan and he hears his own represent special envoy to sudan mr

mr margelov and he was a guest on the show and spotlight is what he said i quote there is a liaison between the dar for rebels and the authorities of southern sudan and quote what consequence will the in the pens of southern sudan have for the situation in darfur equal complicated but they are the same time if the core also. be resolved some of the issues are as equivalents of history of course we want a peaceful relationship between the four and southern sudan whatever the decision may be as a result of the referendum because as you know right now there. in southern darfur they have there are some bunder issues which are sudden therefore and southern sudan now suddenly there to become independent then this will become international borders so the problem will be accessibility secondly as many of the opposition groups in india for seem to be moving towards. jim

is believed to be their. minimum now we believe not only believe he said it is in in juba and right now there is. a conflict between the government forces and that of as early we who live there is in juba so there is the the danger that. the spillover effect of the the outcome of the of the referendum who have negative consequences for for the for what we are working on this we are talking to all the leaders of the movement that talking to the authorities in khartoum to really make this in win win situation well your predecessor mr dad became pretty unpopular in western governments and western capitals by the end of this turn after he said the following the constant and therefore is over and degraded to low intensity violence what's your point of view is

a cover that over of it's not over but it was a right in that up to the first six months of this year more people getting killed as a result of criminal activities as a result of intra tribal into arab conflicts in darfur than the open confrontation warfare between the government of sudan and the our movement but six months the second part of this year with the larger of the. conflict between the government of sudan forces and i told him the just isn't a quality. movement led by a leader brand and opportunistically joined by hazily. heed and now with the direct confrontation between the government forces and those of used to be aligned big government clearly more people are now dying from this conflict than than previously so i cannot see that the conflict is is over years ago by the

south african president mr tabb mbeki he drew a report by african union panel on darfur and in this report he wrote i quote once again on the key dimensions of justice and reconciliation and security and the peace and political process progress has been less than i had hoped what is the biggest failure and therefore what would you say i think the biggest failure is really of the biggest challenge is lack of trust and confidence between the government of sudan and not only the armed movements but also the internally displaced persons and the and the refugees saw there is the need to rebuild trust and confidence there is the need to address the root causes of the conflict in there for which is about power sharing about wealth sharing about land about

composition and about about justice and the end to impunity. earlier this month and attack a military attack. on the part of the sudanese government on the diary for rebels. yes prompted you to demarche the government well what was hard to this reaction when they listened because what i did but they didn't listen but because we have two primary mondays you know me first protection of the civilian population and the facilitation of the delivery of humanitarian assistance. to those in need so windy as conflict we often feel restrictions by the government and often by the arm movement themselves which prevents us from. delivering on our common is all we have to demolish the government but i dissent and also demand or those who are of struct in the free movement of our patrols and. undermining our ability to fully deliver

on our common good or protection for civilian populations and of course delivery of humanitarian assistance ok well speaking about speaking about the african union peacekeeping missions does it lose lots of soldiers itself and how does a little from the time any how many have you laugh on the time of images that is africa missions today which is exclusively a clue civilly africa you know mission to the time that i speak nigeria which is the biggest to count with a country as low as twenty seven soldiers who wonder which is the next biggest contributor has lost seventeen. killed so really quite quite a number to too many because this peacekeepers and we keep mission in their attack on international peacekeepers is a war crime is a violation of international law and has to be of probably investigated and those who are as possible need to be punished ok investigations the most important aspect i think of mr make his recommendations and darfur was this terrible shipment of

brit court consisting of sudanese and foreign judges to try the the dera for work crime suspects which international body can help implement this proposal of mr makki first of all the proposal to be accepted fully by the government of sudan adding i don't think so and that there's a lot of discussion as to what should be the composition of this court how will this be integrated with the laws of the land of sudan so there's still as he has said in there. the report to which you referred that this is an area which is reported to the africa you know meeting the peace and security council meets in tripoli a few weeks ago that has really achieved less than he would have wished so there's still a lot of work that needs to be done for the agreement by the government then by all the other stakeholders and they will come to the issue of who will best able to

support that is but the need is there to create a body in which all the major stakeholders of the four will have confidence because when for good people have left their homes one point eight million one point nine million internally displaced and to go back they need to have a sense of security but also a sense of justice the information coming from her to makes me as person mistake as you are because you see well for example the president has said and but sure he rejected the idea of mr mbeki saying the following we have an independent judiciary and the judicial is to tuition has the final say in forming any courts inside the sudanese borders do you personally believe in the independence and efficiency of the sudanese judiciary is really not for me to express when i believe it is of the people of therefore out of sudan and that's

where i've needed another present mystical an optimist but the reality is to suggest that it is up to the people of sudan particularly of the four where there's been a conflict in two thousand and four two thousand and five and if you want to have the one point eight million internally displaced not to measure refugees to return to their home then you have to have sudden conditions including security but he says that impunity will not continue and the system of justice will be there that enjoys their coverage so i would suggest there's a lot of work that needs to be done to convince. the leader for years and. of course the authorities to move in the direction of a system whatever it is in which everybody would have confidential let's get back to the politics on the continent do you think that hard to now may may may risk losing the support of african nations. i. wouldn't agree to a conclusion now because it would but there is

a risk does therefore there's always there's always a risk but but the african leaders they have set up this african level after you have a panel of three former heads of state present because the chairman president we're of the president of salaam abubaker of nigeria and they're working very closely with the authorities in khartoum to actually minimize those risks and so there has been. a member of the african you doing good standing from the point of view of the african union has tremendous opportunity to talk to and listen to the wise words of their colleagues in the african union well thank you thank you very much for being with us and just to remind that my guest on the show today was he but i have got a body joint special representative of the african union and human mission in dar food and that's it for now from all of us here if you want to have your say and spotlight where someone had in mind when you think i should enter the next time you

drop me a line at albert enough at r.t. dart are you and let's keep spotlight interact movie that with more first hand comment on what's going on in and outside this country until then stay on r.t. and take care thank you dave.