going into the last of the forty's could sell the bank to be to be without it and the getting credit interest in the company could push the price. by maker is seeking an i.p.o. in london and in moscow in order to pay debt and improve liquidity become buddy with a fifteen percent share of the country's steel pipe markets will be issuing ordinary shares and depository receipts it's the furred russian i.p.o. announcement in just four days analysts are expecting the country's private issues to raise thirty billion dollars this. well economic forum is promoting the fairer sex and business new rules are being implemented to improve the gender balance at the annual meeting of the movers and shakers in this whisky resort of. the delegations will now have to bring at least one woman in every five senior executives female delegates made up around seventeen percent in the for last year.

so we have time for we'll be back in one i was time headlines are next on r.t. to stay with us. the. blind in russia would be so much brighter if you knew about someone from first

impressions. means for instance on t.v. dot com. it's our boss down here moscow this is artie poland is furious at the results of the official investigation into the plane crash that killed president kaczynski and ninety five top officials last april russia insists the findings which say pilot

error is mostly to blame sound but warthog doesn't agree. signing the key arms reduction treaty with the u.s. and relations with the e.u. and nato are highlighted by russia's foreign minister sergey lavrov summed up the kremlin's international actions in twenty ten at a press conference in moscow. on the cholera outbreak in torturously slow reconstruction gritz haiti a year after the earthquake but for many haitian immigrants in the us that's what the future might hold for them they face deportation. ok now the question of whether we're alone in the universe has inspired people for centuries well go to not a leading at nasa investigators to separate fact from fiction spotlight is next. hungry for the full story we've got it for. the biggest issues get a human voice face to face with the news makers on our team.

hello again and welcome to the spotlight the interview show on r.t. and i'll be involved then today my guest in the studio is claude canning satirist the other day my little son asked me if it is true that nasa is planning a one way mission to mars in which unmanned spacecraft will take astronauts to mars and leave them there forever who would sign up for such and they will and when is this trip going to take place let's ask a man who knows better about our space principal investigator our nasa chandra x. straight observatory claud. the chandra x. ray observatory he's one of the nasser's eyes into space the third out of projected

for great observatories chandra has been providing scientists with valuable high quality data called ken is an iris is one of those who helped develop and improve the telescope his fear of space expertise is extremely broad music in his ears as a member of the national academy of sciences and the international academy of astronautics to name a few no wonder he has overall responsibility for research activity and policy at the massachusetts institute of technology these days claude is one of those who are advising on russia's innovative development as he's been doing recently on a poor and on nanotechnology is in moscow. hello mr curtis as the welcome to the show thank you is a part of baker thank you very much for coming well first of all thank you. when the an author was appointed as head of the un office for outer space affairs it provoked lots of talk lots of rivers in the media that she was the woman that will be responsible for contacts with have a civilization's well the u.n.

i have course has denied these rumors but but anyway. it is according to scientists according to the united nations officials is a contact with other forms of life getting hooked probable these days that used to be. well it's possible but very if it's getting more probable that i would say it's getting more probable very slowly. most strong numbers i think would agree that it's highly likely that somewhere in the universe there are other living creatures and it may even be in our solar system but if so they are much more likely to be microbes than intelligent beings. and if they do exist they're going to be very very far away and communication over long distances is still extremely difficult even for our so-called advanced civilization

so i think that the likelihood of actual communication much less two way communication is very very slight and will be for a very long time well i had a flu last two weeks so i can prove that communication with my colleagues this is a pretty hard well so far the only way that people learn to use antibiotics i mean to communicate it might as well so that's that's that's also a one way communication was a communication with those you said maybe even in our solar system i was ready to hear and see a cell or system say you mean maurice when you say our cell or system is it is it still the planet at which will looking as a possible place to find. at least microbes yes i think mars is still probably the considered the most likely place in the solar system but there's also jupiter's moon europa which as far as we can tell it has an icy crust with possibly

liquid ocean below and that is another kind of habitat that it conceivably and this is very speculative but conceivably could have some kind of microbial. swell about morse we have a group of people and. in russia that are sitting like in a box getting ready to like simulating a trip to mars and they're already getting ready for. there now and also that thing that they have been cited to talk about in america the possibility of sending people one way like even even i so i think i saw one of the american. news stations in television like a journalist in the street asking people if they will be ready to go to lunch and some people say yes there's an out there so how how likely is such an expedition well of course you scientists would love to to make it happen but how likely is it

how likely from a to have a one way it will have to well i think amount to man trip to mars yes well that from from the point of view of the long sweep of history it almost seems inevitable that sooner or later humans will be going to mars and we were we are a. species that naturally explores and exploring our own solar system is obviously the next step once we've looked at the planets and we've gone to the moon and mars is the most. logical next stop for us to visit but how soon is entirely different story there are dangers of radiation in. long. interplanetary travel and and there are significant logistical concerns about how to assure that you could get people there and then bring them back and i think the likelihood of sending

a one way. one way travelers is very low. arse our societies in general are not as tolerant of that idea if so we would have already done that for example through a deep ocean trench and we don't do that either so i think i think that's the kind of speculation that. might be fun for. science fiction writers but not so much for actual space real space travelers well actually mars is lately often made news headlines as prospects of flying to the red planet are getting even more real spotlights you know that there were reports. six volunteers have already spent five months locked inside a simulated spacecraft imitate in a flight to mars a mission to the red planet and back could take five hundred twenty days the experiment taken place in russia he's an attempt to understand how the human psyche

reacts to being cut off from the rest of the world with limited resources emergency situations are also being staged to see how the team. u.s. researches are at the possibility of astronauts being permanently sent to the red planet to establish a call in the that a one way mission to mars would be easy and cheaper the plans have drawn the response from potential volunteers willing to become martian piny is even at the cost of never see you know us again. it's estimated a flight to mars with a return or one way could happen no there then two thousand then thirty. have a rocket this could take off again aha so said so if we go to morris if we get to mars one way the problem is the number the amount of feel that we have to to to to take off and to come back that's right if we send them to morris and well they are planning to send supplies anyway so what can be said to be

sending feel in small quantities to fill the tank and then gradually and then take off it may then be possible i think that's highly possible and is much more likely than a one way trip. judging from what we know from what i know i'm sorry about mars it's not oh it's not a very friendly ally friendly planet is a far as we understand it so so so what's the point just just trying to find those microbes away well that's certainly one of the things that scientists would like to find but i think there's also a lot of interest in looking at simply the history of another planet a sister planet to the earth in the solar system mars if it once was hospitable to life certainly is not now as as you say certainly not life on the scale of a human nearly that it may have been has but one well it's pretty clear that one time it had an atmosphere and one time very likely it had liquid water on the surface and what happened what happened because we certainly like to avoid whatever

happened to mars happening to earth whenever i hear scientists speak about life and life forms and out of space they say water is like number one water is it well are you absolutely sure that with no water no life. they believe the forms it didn't require we can't be absolutely sure but water is is has appeared to be the main ingredient for all the life forms that we found that we cannot imagine that we can imagine there our life or who may be that we just can imagine of course but that only makes it a richer area for study like what about what about life after death i don't think people require water. i think that when they go to a better world i think that exceeds the level of my expertise anyway i don't think i will go there. ok now closer to home what about colonizing the moon will we be

colonizing the moon what would you say when all of this is all settled for science fiction writers well i don't think it's for science fiction writers right now however there have been many many studies of what could usefully be done by a college having a colony on the moon and while there are certainly are long lists of possibilities none of them have yet proved to be cost effective so including in mining minerals or doing you know astronomy and space studies because it's a very difficult environment but i think outposts occasionally. manned outposts on the moon are will be likely over the next you know maybe thirty forty fifty years not in the next decade or two but you think you think it will happen i think it will happen eventually it's the same impair excess exploration imperative that well it's because what you said before is because this this drive that mankind has for exploration it's a big if we talk in practical terms i think this is and to populate it i mean we

have little lots of places to live on earth which we don't need actually to go to space do we know that's true we certainly don't need to go to space and you don't need to go to the bahamas ever for your vacation when you might choose to do it we have you know we did have to go skiing i mean because i think i have been for the. in those mountains i mean but we did do that yes yes so so. like fifty years you said well maybe twenty thirty fifty years so in this century certainly will become something for us like like the bahamas have been for everyone no i think that's going much further than i would be prepared to say but i think for exploration just the same way we have an outpost now many many countries have outposts at the south pole because they're interesting scientific investigations you can do they are and it's a move that will be coming like the south but yes maybe by the end of the century

it's going to come in like the same size cloth kind of as i said principal investigator. chandra x. ray observatory spotlight will be back shortly right after a break we'll continue this and tell yourself stay with us we'll be back in less than a minute don't go. if . soon which brighton. bounce from phones to freshen some. of. his crew stunts on t.v. don't come. download the official auntie application on the phone oh i

pod touch from the store. which all teach life on the go. video on demand parties and live broadcasts and already says feeds now in the palm of your. questions on all t.v. dot com. welcome back to spotlight in just a reminder that my guest in the studio today is claude kindness that is the vice president for research at mit and principal investigator on nasa's chandra x. ray observatory. mr kind is that if you're involved in x. ray astronomy this well may sound

a pretty dumb question to you but what is it. it's play that well it's his job to be. happy to oblige x. rays are very energetic form of light so from when we look at the universe with a normal telescope you see objects that are about five thousand degrees hot if you look with an x. ray telescope you're looking at things that are maybe ten to one hundred million degrees in texas where he'll actually be in the rays of the razor we are going to come in there are the archives so we collect the radiation that that is generated in the hot explosive act areas in the universe that comes to us and we collect them with a telescope the same way we collect them from an optical telescope. ok now this should be more accurate than usual astronomy is that should know it's just a different look at the at the universe so we it's like having

a filter when you look with visible light you see one piece of the universe when you look with x. rays you see the hot energetic. objects like black holes supernova explosions and in areas where something very violent and energetic is going on ok well i will talk about this new planet that was discovered lately it's called the the glee s five eight one g. you know that's something that you have to do well according to preliminary reports . this planet resembles. areas more than any other planet ever. found in universe by by mankind it's not too hard it's not too cold we'll just do what you propose just to allow water in liquid form to exist and now. then it

did do you think according to your feelings that it may it may say sustain life and planets well i don't have any particular reason to suspect that the life is there nor does i think any astronomer but astronomers for a long time have been a looking for other planets and now there are many that have been found but be looking for those that are in what is called the habitable zone how it was a zone in which as you say it's neither too hot nor too cold well resuming its properties in general in a general sense as well in a general sense so the fact that the that we have found one now and by the way that they've been very difficult to find because the techniques favor finding planets that are much heavier like our jupiter which is not particularly hospitable so. so now the good news is not so much that this is the planet but that the techniques

are now such that we are likely to find many more such planets that are much more in the earth like. realm and that's actually very exciting for scientists ok speaking of speculations once again there have been speculations that they may that there may have been some signals coming from that planets is it i have not heard those speculations well but how far away is that it's like it's like. i don't remember exactly but it's a number of light years under lawyers is it possible from the point of view of us of mankind to transmit any sort of signals to to a distance as far as that it's very very difficult it's not inconceivable but very difficult if you take all the energy that's generated on earth and figure out just from the radiation that comes out of our cell phones the radio transmitters. you would have. a very hard time detecting that even from some of the nearest planets

that we see if someone were trying to very hard to be man or g. in one direction then one might succeed but that would take a lot of effort on the part of the others to communicate with us so accidental communication is conceivable but it's not easy listen when a guy is like here watch the sky yes. what did you do that because you just want to learn has to worry about the star is about physics and that whatever war is it because all of you like little kids like. this money want to know what to do to hear that signal related to somebody out there i personally have never been motivated by that i will say while it's always been intriguing idea i much more motivated by the curiosity of the human curiosity to understand the universe in which we live it's so vast it's actually so remarkable what that life formed

that galaxies form that these stars evolve the way they do and as a physicist i just want to understand how the world works and most of the world is not on earth it's mostly. but if when people speak about extra to us to intelligence should what do they suspect i mean science is that this should be an intelligence much higher civilization much higher than ours all like the microbes a little about what what is what are we. likely to find that let me just say well i don't think there's any question that we're much more likely to find microbes than anything else in fact on earth we're much more likely to find microbes than anything else because they're there they're you know hugely more numerous than the more highly evolved. animals of all kinds.

but. again the people who really spend time worrying about this have made many speculations about what kind of. intelligent life might exist at this point it's entirely speculation and so without as a scientist i have to say without more data i'm not comfortable making any speculations on that. many people living on earth including one person that i know and he is he is a president of one of the republics. composing russia mr kim sun-il regime if he claims that he was kidnapped well a u.f.o. they spent some time in outer space and then to send them back and and even have witnesses his personal security guards and three or four people says they witnessed my kidnapping my by eighty's and then well. he was in the studio and he told me the

whole story and also there was that causeway no one of the russian cosmonauts when he was an outer space is outside the spacecraft and there was that story that he liked to tell it when when he lost contact with the ship and it was and he started to drift away from the ship and he felt that force that took him and brought him back suddenly to the spacecraft well what do you think of that did you believe these stories. you know i think the human mind has a great imaginative quality and it's probably something that has kept us alive through and through many hard times i i'm very skeptical about such stories on the other hand again you know i don't feel comfortable making. pure speculations without fact in every case that i know that's actually been scientifically investigated there has been no evidence this well these things all these fakes so

what. i can't say i've never examined that creature so i can't tell you but you know what well the interesting thing is is that most of the people we ask they say well we've only seen pictures so there is a belief it's rumored that most of the information on the u.f.o.'s if they really were present is classified by government spy by the human eye to the nation's spatial agency moscow washington and so on well why do you think this is possible that this really is classified. i think again it's conceivable but on the other hand history has also shown that most governments have a very hard time keeping any secrets for a very very long time this would be the best kept secret probably in the history of national security across the world. i have a quote

a scientist some deny to kingdom stephen hawking it says that advanced extraterrestrial life could conquer and colonize it actually what way thinking about what we're dreaming up to to to find a contact with somebody. if it happens it may be the end of our civilization to believe in that. again that's that's sheer speculation but. you know a truly advanced society would probably have little need of earth so i could it would seem like worth their time to become used to it but that's just speculation so it's not so you think they then if they have a possibility of they have the resources to come to see whatever they would be interested in this planet yeah well i think first of all you have to realize that communicating from one planet to another is extremely difficult that is something that and that is something that we know how to do at the speed of light actually

transporting any. body from any mass from one solar system to another is extraordinarily difficult so that the the value added to even go in the first place much less to send a conquering army would seem to me if you remote ok now. last question maybe about about asteroids how high is a possibility of a collision with a not so i know this is a subject for for another. fine movie but i didn't say is there a possibility well there is a possibility the calculations show that the possibility is very small but there's still an interest and there are now both national and international efforts to at least to catalog all the so-called near earth asteroids that could conceivably be the. threat to earth and i think over the next you know five to ten years we should

have a pretty good catalog and then we'll have a better idea ok so so so so we do have a problem may have a problem but it's under control so i think it's very remote there at this point if you were to make a list of things that might be a threat to humankind looking is higher this would be small think it's much higher and there are many other things of global climate change you know nuclear dangers that would be much higher on the list thank you thank you very much for being with us and just a reminder that my guest in the studio today was that is that his vice president for research at mit and a number of the international academy astronaut that's it for now from all of us here who will be back with more until then stay in. and take care. thank you thank you very much for this budget.