that week's top stories here on our final report on the last april's plane crash that killed poland's president sparks debate as the findings points a pilot error or so has accepted part of the blame lies with the polish side but said some of the questions have been left unanswered. and two oil giants team up as russia. swap shares in a multi-billion dollar deal the company's will now join forces to explore the potentially huge deposits of oil and gas buried under russia's arctic continental shelf. and landmark a nuclear arms treaty between moscow and washington has been approved by russia's

parliament in the second of three readings the party has been given the go ahead by the us senate just before the new year. well up next we report about the antiwar movement within the ranks of the u.s. military during the vietnam war this is ati. my whole tour of vietnam when you meant a black soldier you know he had it debbie had a special handshake you could even you got to the point where you could even till what part of the country he was from because everybody had their distinctive death or handshake you definitely could tell if you within your company because everybody knew everybody had to do what you do. but i'm glad i don't know or they just check back. with you know we got to come. by. snap is ready to swear that

first just that high and the down this way like a sony always do as well if you like a break from don you're around right. there you go that's it better to me or the bloods oh it's just going to bases big big big big think they've been going to jail for the power would be just what we did to other things as well we believe that even going to jail the dog just don't. belong in jail was it just odd teeth in the world be it was pretty much just like jails in america playing them said black there was a lot of bouncing in this prison a lot of stuff people would and we both pretty dire situation. a group of the inmates got together and we decided that a. good excuse for this place. what happened was is that the result was alone would be. a lot of. costly gauzy and it did

break down the jail and he was dismayed by the people get killed. i'm so badly so. i was going to survive the metal would get ready to come to the deceased and. you know when you're laying on your back that you can't move for day in and day out you have a lot of time to think sue and think about what you did you know what you've done and things that you've done to the people that you queue people that have made i mean there's always something that reminds you. that you can be here and i think that you see then. you actually see what i saw what was going on in the states do to ryan down the streets and

i'm wearing the same county uniform that i got. there in memphis there that they've beaten up on people. who made it we will be here beating up on people over here and at the same time you guys were in the same identical uniforms that i'm going to have and you're beating up on. black people dong the runner knew where tanks are on the street. in the summer of one nine hundred sixty eight army and national guard troops were sent into american cities as thousands of black people rioted following the assassination of martin luther king. that spring troops were used against antiwar demonstrators at the pentagon. then in august soldiers at fort hood were told they would be sent to chicago where antiwar demonstrations were planned for the democratic party's national convention

. we just come back from fighting the vietnamese not i want us to fight the americans. the night before the troops are supposed to leave there was a meeting of blood as they gathered up in a parking lot in the first armored division section and they were out there all night in a parking lot talking to you know an area like a rap session or rally why they were opposed to going to chicago where making it clear that it was a generous out there and is going to go on and how can i go and commit genocide on my people shoot my people and one hundred black g.s. and the straight feel brothers came up and really started pointing on the end about you know discrimination and unfair treatment not getting the right you need it about what was happening with the war as the meeting stretched into the night fort hood's commanding general showed up to talk to the g.i.'s he said i'm just a two star general let me go and talk to my boss and i have an answer for you in

the morning so you know we just relax you know went to sleep i was sent crack said they hit me i said here. you know you know what they had to go i know m.p.'s all around it's me you know what are you going to be taking in peace you know it came at us with ben is. you know you would have been. and in every every now and then he opened his formation and group are in peace come in and grab a brother and take him back in the back and beat the shit outta here screaming in the bed you know. and they were court martialed brought up on various court martial charges but it scared the hell out of the military then they went to around and went through a roster of all the units who were supposed to go and took off who they considered to be quotes of vs. so

a number of people myself included. one of the most infamous events the nine hundred sixty s. chicago police brutally attacked demonstrators in front of the democratic convention although the army had sent a contingent of right control troops to chicago from fort hood that kept them off the street. was no longer certain which side the g.i. . the military had a problem on and it was about to go from bad to worse. we were in. the practice line i believe it was a long line of assent and we see this commotion kind of started to being in the line and then start come up towards us and we could see people like one guy would turn to the guy behind them and then there be this excited conversation and then that guy would turn to the guy behind him and finally the guy and try to make up the noose and he turns around and he says to me they're killing women and children

in vietnam i said who is killing women and children the vietcong and he said no we are. march sixteenth one nine hundred sixty eight the soldiers of charlie company eleventh brigade america division entered the village of me live twenty four hours later over five hundred villagers men women and children lay dead brutally and want to leave murdered in cold blood around the world to me live massacre would become the touchstone in fact of the vietnam war. for over a year the american military covered up to me live massacre claiming only enemy soldiers were killed and when the truth was finally brought to light by journalists the highest ranking officer blamed him prosecuted was william calley a lieutenant. in a cramped detroit hotel a new organization vietnam veterans against the war held an unprecedented investigation that exposed

a much deeper truth i think the winter soldier investigation was to try to point out it wasn't really in defense of cali but it was going after the notion that the policies of the u.s. military created things like me lie ok but it was a policy it was both a written and an unwritten policy and the truth has to be told you can't duck away from the truth you can't lie and put up a smokescreen and say oh this is a the words they used back then an isolated instance of aberdeen behavior you were just coming home saying i'm against the war you're saying this is what we did this is how we did it this was a crime this was wrong helped people to really cross the bridge and to see us in a way that i think the anti-war movement had not seen g.i.'s before america went through went through a choke ok because they didn't want to believe that these things occurred in the name of the american people supposedly is supporting freedom and liberation and

democracy throughout the world and there was this terrible slaughter this turtle in aim slaughter so i think the question was. why are they going after cali or cali was doing precisely what we were all told to do when we were in vietnam essentially ok which is kill them all and sort it out later. city i had a friend who was he was an advisor with norman group and one time he asked me would i like to accompany you into a village i was milieu with to see how they act so i went with them and. they didn't find any enemy but they found a woman with bandages so she was questioned. about she was questioned by six so i mean the way they questioned her was that she had bandages. they shot her she was at about twenty times that she was questioned. of course did. this guy come over who was knowing him he was a former major he was in the service was twenty years nic you've got hungry again and came back over working with usa id aid international development and.

he went over there and ripped a clothes off into the night and. got from a bridge on all the way up well just about up to her breast and pulled her organs out completely out of the cavity. and then he stopped and not over and commenced to peel every bit is going off her body and left her there as a sign for something or other and i went and listened to the three days of testimony and absolutely came away from an emotionally drained and floored by i never grasped even up to that point how powerful was the genocidal plans and strategy of the us towards the vietnamese people on every level. you know whether was agent orange in dow chemical and we configuring napalm because the napalm wasn't sticking to that the enemy skin enough i mean that was you know all of this just added to the overwhelming sense of the criminality of

the united states. this was on forces day and in many cities across the country there were the usual parades displays and. the recent protest over the role in indochina cast a shadow over today's activities. at some military bases where the presence of anti-war demonstrators led to the. plywood or windows because the cops told it was going to. but then people change it . because you know we thought making fun of me was. the second year nine hundred seventy one. three.

our army. is in a state approaching collapse but individual units of having refused combat murdering their officers and noncommissioned officers. and dispirited. by the pentagon's own figures during the ten years of the vietnam war five hundred thousand soldiers. in the face of the. war movement military near. the nixon administration the policy of vietnam the same

. to shift the burden of the south vietnamese army. north vietnam. promised that american ground troops would no longer be involved in offensive combat. this is richard boyle firebase pace. from the cambodian border sitting in a bunker but it doesn't run the first captain a lot of people are kind of wondering if anybody back in the room knows you were on to. like. two batteries or a tourist posters on groceries with nobody we don't even exist. you just made americans troops we're not supposed to be in combat that's why the american army did nine hundred that they were there you know that far as america was before this i got there were no american troops on the border isn't going. to be fighting for democracy. i don't think why no or you all like to go back home in the north it

means were had they had two regiments to track regiments totally surrounding the fire base it's plan something you know. the truth is we start going out there will be sitting ducks you know the best thing of order. to try to hire hired man they don't have to go on thursday just send us out into the captain frozen ordered six men to go out on a night ambush what is basically a suicide mission because he sent six guys out against two regiments and they said we're going to do it wake up and go and the only option it was was to get word out to the outside world and they wrote a petition at the ready we are under siege and firebase pace we are faced with the decision of whether to take a court martial artist a fate an offense to grow in the event of mass prosecution of our unit i only hope

would be published i mean. nixon was so afraid ordered that company pulled out they sent in a. never company they had heard about the refusal of alpha company the other company also refused to fight and after that no company knows troops would be willing to fight and said look we're not going to fight anymore. there are more problems to winding down the vietnam war than just holding the enemy and moving south vietnamese troops into the line one unforeseen problem is trying to keep up the morale of g.i.'s who know they're going on but not soon enough it has produced plenty group insubordination shooting of officers by their own men and i didn't a practice called fragging the purpose mine was he did to get me. intimidated myself and all others in authority in the company and battalion sergeant gene taylor saying that some of his own men tried to maim or kill him but

it's not an isolated incident since then one officer has been killed another wounded at this base and there have been dozens of similar incidents all across south vietnam because the fragmentation grenade is often the weapon used the violent attacks on authority have come to be known as fragging and many g.i.'s talked openly about fragging and the military countermeasures seen more than one big group meeting were. actually all they talk about is fragmented as we call pigs . by picture talking about your senior enlisted men in your officers that's correct the most common terms. forced to rely almost solely on the air war of one thousand nine hundred seventy two the united states launched an unprecedented barrage of vietnam dropping more tonnage of bombs on that tiny country that were used during world war two and with the assault coming mainly from aircraft carrier sailors and airmen became the center of the g.i. movement on the u.s.s.

coral sea twelve hundred signed a petition demanding the ship stay home and san diego california home of the care. yes constellation a kitty hawk spawn the movement led by a group of navy officers and enlisted men. we truly believe what would stop that war was one of the soldiers stop fighting and still an active officer as were all these other guys and sailors and enlisted people as we sat around and brainstormed about what kind of a nonviolent action can we take that can actually touch sailors. around and we saw the aircraft the biggest ship in san diego harbor the most impressive so our. it's hard for people to realize this but that ship is not a naval ship anymore it's really part of airpower and we used to attack as it did so it's a weapon of a boeing weapon of aggression. the

original concept kane well let's do something where we allow the people on board that ship to cast a ballot as to whether or not they think they should go back to vietnam let's just hear their voice and then we said now this election should be held every shopping center in san diego county and every safeway store ought to have a little polling booth outside and we had to see how many ballots we can collect and we're going to point toward a day. to day. make a day a day old. believe it it. was a carrier qualified aviator and i gave me a lot of credibility with people earned or not or and even though i hadn't been in combat. people would give you a certain amount of credence of course because i knew all whole lot about how the

military functioned. yes then. as i got through the day. here. well the question is why do you people look so weird like. there was this inside out we would call it where we would where we were collecting more and more of the sailors to get them involved to give them up for you know if they want to end the war missions war. there's nobody from the captain of that ship to the mayor of the cities or did not hold a press conference about this project everybody was commenting on us senators are commenting on it you know even if the city folds to for that ship to stay we're

still going without thinking just like oh that's a big error the ship says well i know there's a lot of people on the ship who don't want to go but military is full of malcontents visit listen. now doc. while denying that the g.i. movement even existed the house internal security committee of the united states congress held a series of hearings in one thousand nine hundred seventy one that produced thousands of pages of testimony illustrating how broadly and deeply that movement had spread that same year the f.c.a. show tour de janeiro despite being banned from military bases worldwide the show performed in japan okinawa and the philippines for over sixty thousand soldiers and

every stop g.i.'s took the stage with them we can no longer make sign about the atrocities and it just. this being perpetrated by the united states military and peoples of other nations and other petty harassment of servicemen and women i made wonder day after day we can measure all that remaining policies against firstly because there are a species of man that logic from a nation against first the first anti war g.i. because they do not agree with us policies. new commitment media and so withdrawal of all air and ground troops and cia from vietnam as well as in korea open our japan the philippines israel cambodia thailand germany england panama. no i mean it seems i'm cynical now that we could have done there. and that you could have a hall full of guys. with their fists in the air sung happy

. that we had come to acknowledge their reality. and do you most. and refused to kill. you said no man will lose you and me. what he's fighting force to be free i used to love to watch the faces of the g.i.'s when she sang that it was like this shell attention would drop away and you would see the youth and the innocence and the vulnerability underneath stone to. stand strong. what do you. do

this is true. this is true. then a staple of one nine hundred seventy one just five years after how it levy and donald duck and flown acts of protest thousands of vietnam veterans against the war converged on washington d.c. and threw their medals onto the capitol steps. to find anybody to take this step. you know it's kind of a unique opportunity it's very it's very rare i think in in anybody's life that you have an opportunity to really think that you are changing history that you're a part of history at first they couldn't voyageurs protests in a war that the buddha or minds or use those images in nineteen seventy they thought they did know are reacted out because they thought there were a bunch of them a good out there and. we all just thought it but i'm going to go farther i really

learned so much joe just spent a day after day after do you know just people talking about you know what it's all about how we're going to deal with this stuff and how we we're going to look forward change the world that's what we want to do for it would change the world we're pretty sure this sucks you know we're pretty sure that it was deserved to be here and so that didn't leave much room but to change the world you know people said we keep going back we went back to get not just keep going back to vietnam because i tell you what the other side does they're always going back and they have to go back the hawks you know the patriarchs they have to go back because and they have to revise the going back because they can't allow us to know what the what the back there really was don't you think about this shit and you say. gad damn. it i exit the next checked. government pushed me into tears she asked.

what's the what's the pride in saying you're a veteran if you are what your veteran is something. like. being. a veteran of the massacre at some place or another you know i. know there's no pride. and so don't talk about go away. so it's amazing to me that as many as many g.i.'s who were actually in vietnam actually there. then spoke out against it and demonstrated against it and it just. means. that there is. and that if there had been one hundred i would have been made that there was thousands missis.

incredible. brave people. would. last to. give the street. ninety. three up so our county comes back them. at this and they. might be and as most thoughts are. missing there because of the by. the way they would be that god is. not just the thieves so that we threaten me like. that now so.

it.