of food a million civilians and one million combatants killed nobody has officially challenge those figures. however robert mcnamara the longest serving us secretary of defense has established a much more. before the vietnam war was considered nixon's war or johnson's when it was considered mcnamara's war and before vietnam mcnamara was considered a bomb damage efficiency expert during world war two and a top advisor to be twenty nine bomber force commander curtis lemay did his position in training qualify mcnamara to know the true number of the. the superior the vietnamese released their tally of five million souls mcnamara paid a visit to vietnam while he was there he gave them his numbers. do

you mean to say it was not a tragedy for you. when you lost three million four hundred thousand to be timmy's killed which on our population bases the equivalent of twenty seven million americans what did you accomplish since it was their country their towns and villages and the lives of their men women and children it is solely for the vietnamese to determine if their independence is worth the price the us attack. had struggled for their independence for two thousand years before it was finally won in one thousand and seventy five for a thousand years it was directly rule and occupied by china and even though it regained formal autonomy and nine thirty nine. it remained

a tributary state to its chinese neighbor to the north in one thousand century the europeans came to asia seeking empire and france conquered vietnam and along with laos and cambodia called it french indochina and made it one of their colonial possessions. at the geneva conference the it was divided at the seventeenth parallel with the french and the puppet government it had set up in one thousand nine hundred nine still in control of south vietnam. but it might be you know it repeated here there is no. there is only one here temporary divided in geneva in fifty four between the free zone with a little thin man and in a could by its own. by the frenchman and the french had. geneva that just diction awful because it could not handed over to her a she with. mentioning the geneva agreements the ration of saigon is only

a temporary one. in one thousand four. according to the geneva accord the division was to be temporary with elections in one thousand nine hundred fifty six to settle the matter of reunification those elections never took place their refusal was amply justified only because the kind of election in visage by the geneva agreement of nineteen fifty for a free election could not have been hell anyone who thinks that a free election was possible in communist north vietnam knows little of how communist operate and could have fallen into a peeping trap. and he got upset with me on the broader relations committee in one thousand nine hundred fifty six when our intelligence forces brought in their reports whining that it be

a luxury called for by the geneva accords were july nineteenth fifty six were openly and would be elected president in south vietnam by least eighty percent of the load. and i are trying to read at most about believing in something terminations used its power and its prestige and its influence really to get our first puppet government under j.m. not to cooperate in holding those elections that's just a matter of a start record in one thousand fifty five die the emperor of the french had installed as the head of the state of vietnam was deposed and a new later known and the m. was installed as the head of the renamed republic of vietnam d m was the us man in vietnam and what had been the french war was quietly becoming the american war and it was sort of a cult of a little fellow in the sharkskin suit in a little mandarin who was going to stop the reds and there was

a great many articles on this on the house of negotiations him our man inside on. then as now the danger was greatly hyped to drive the country towards war. with did you think. it was something. going to come you see a retreat or be it from united states from b. it would be a communist victory a victory of massive proportions and would lead to world war three. and promises were made to puppets. we'll stay for as long as it takes. which will provide whatever help is required to win the battle against the communist and sargent while both the democrat and republican administrations that preceded him had provided funding for the fight against vietnamese independence john kennedy was the first president to send us troops to vietnam in significant numbers he started

by replacing the french berets with green berets and had sent more than sixteen thousand soldiers by the time he was assassinated. people like the kennedys were used to running countries with names they couldn't even pronounce. need is now a three hundred eighty my fellow americans play os is far away from america earlier in one thousand nine hundred sixty three the us supported a coup in iraq that put the bath party in power the cia specifically supported a young twenty five year old baathist by the name of saddam hussein providing him with a list of his enemies including seven hundred communists and democrats to be eliminated a bloodbath and soon. anyways house to plan the overthrow of d.m. less than a month before j.f.k. himself was murdered bobby kennedy way said vietnam might not be so easy and once about the wisdom of putting someone they hardly know in charge of such an important

country. they. are. you sure. they are. what. they. are. in the course of the miers ambassadorship which had been agreed to be last just one year i dealt with fire government in other words the house was clean turned over

five different times with the chaos that one can imagine while the national security council was busy replacing vietnamese governments right and extreme right l.b.j. acted like he was the victim in this thing the. worried johnson and johnson the room where it even was the instability of the south vietnamese government i guess you might call the coat of arms of the vietnamese government the turnstile for god's sake and i remember very vividly somebody would come in his office and say those of the like is a coup beginning in vietnam again of the coup you know coups were like like fleas on a dog and johnson said i don't want to hear any more about this coup shit i've had enough of it and we've got to find a way to stabilize those people out there. but johnson knew it was the cia that was the source of the problems they started with they all jam here of. any art of

a kill so we killed and we all got together and got a goddamn like you can only one hand. and i really had no political stability that the expansion of the war into cambodia and the resulting rise to power of a cold pot was to have tragic consequences for that little country in addition to the estimated eight hundred thousand civilians killed in nixon's illegal bombing another two million died after the war as the kemah rouge attempted to feed people the us was no longer feeding by forcing millions that the us and moved into the cities back into the countryside. l.b.j. wanted to expand the war but the resolution he had put to congress had been shelved for months but al or yourself but is it going to play out scrap piece as it

will fill out a piece of up it's. all try to bring something back. after what he called an unprovoked attack he got his resolution. congressional leaders of both parties supported the gulf of tonkin resolution in fact only two members of congress voted against the resolution senators more civil oregon and greening of alaska. being in the minority never cruz it's your own flag history card that senator greening and i voted in the interest of the american people this morning when we voted against this resolution and i do have the american people remember what this resolution really is it's a resolution which seeks to give the president united states the power to make war without a declaration of war the gulf of tonkin resolution was not

a declaration of war there never was a declaration of war in vietnam but to serve much the same purpose the president was given broad powers to wage war but what the congress did not know what the country did not know is that the second attack in the gulf of tonkin may never have . it is now known beyond any reasonable doubt that an attack did not take place even the official us navy history states there was actually no north vietnamese attack that night. if one. telegram which we later found from amanda herrick of the maddox had been made available to the committee at that time i'm quite sure they would have had the wrong hearings gone into it and if they'd been able to discover the facts is the actually where i don't believe it passed resolution because it was based book absolutely false eroni is information the even says they related of all this of force nine hundred sixty four were not

true i was sure of it was not an unprovoked deliberate attack in fact is there was no attack a poll. did the captains report what they were ordered to report. it's also been suggested that washington was put in a great deal of pressure on you to come up with some positive answers to what happened that night wasn't as and yes we were. trying the same for only. did the gunner show an empty gulf. just above the bridge of the maddox where captain herrick was is the main gun director and inside the director was the sailor who was in charge of firing those powerful five inch guns his job was to open fire once the enemy targets were spotted on radar or sonar those are the main methods for detecting progress you can't see directly the man in charge of the main gun director august fourth one thousand nine

hundred sixty four was a four year veteran it was also an expert sonar man i drink park park is now a businessman in los angeles tell me do you think that night in the pitch black enough of a swell. rainstorms. was there anything to shoot out there no i don't i'm certain that there was not anything to shoot at right from the beginning and the captain asked me mediately after the attack to go down and have. well you wait all the recordings that have been made. noise that was but it's omar was reporting and i kept myself pretty busy for the next three days really trying to evaluate these things and determine if we had heard anything that might have been even a question mark that it might have been a torpedo or anything else in the water not related to the two ships or noise of

either one of them and then what was your evaluation and absolutely nothing. the pilots didn't see anything either before james bond's stockdale became a north vietnamese prisoner of war he was flying air cover over the destroyers at the time of the alleged second attack in stockdale's words i flew solo there was salt spray on my windshield and i still didn't see a thing meaning he never saw torpedoes or any evidence that the u.s. ships had been fired upon the captain of the ticonderoga as attack squadron fifty six commander wesley l. macdonald concurred he didn't see anything that night except the maddox and the turner joy after this flight he and those in his command met behind closed doors and each one accounts of what they did and did not see stockdale then lock these reports in his safe. the next morning commander james stockdale was ordered to lead

the first u.s. air strike on north korea. i personally am. in my own my military place on the force but of course it's impossible in a way for me to pull this way they most certainly did not send if there was an attack since there was no second attack and since that attack was the excuse that the president used to take the us to war in vietnam what are we to make of the following recently released white house tape unit l.b.j. and mcnamara discuss the second gulf of tonkin attack before it takes place how would they know about the attack before it happened and why would they want to keep that prior knowledge a secret unless they were planning it. now this is an action that we might well wish to consider after the second attack but i think it would be an appropriate general peter gration director great and appropriate to provide the kind of sport

commanded out authority there will be ample time after a second attack to bring this problem to your attention you're going to decide how far you want to pursue the attacker into a debate area. but i wish we could have stopped it but we're already picked out and bare and just at about bam quake grettir we will have that and i i talked about by the public on top i thought that was the most important subject we should consider a good day and be prepared to recommend to a response a retaliation against north vietnam give me a better tactics place for the fact that our we are now we better do that it watches something like i don't want to go into a base either i want to keep this if close to the camp so i just try to keep it to be prepared to do so. and it will mean. on the night of august fourth the united states made public the so-called gulf of tonkin incident at all but the story was a fabrication created by the us national security council. me as

a name even as the national security council met me american aircraft which were being sent to destroy several areas of our country. in reality the second you talk and incidentally this never happened. was the whole basis of this moral fraud and alive perpetrated at the highest levels of our government we must ask ourselves that as we survey the damage that was done to our country and especially the damage done to the vehicle. there make sure you go down. there and trying to ask yourself what is going to happen.

if kennedy who thought he could finish the vietnam situation with special forces johnson's approach was brutally simple the figured if he could kill enough of them they would cry uncle in the simplest way to kill us with their power. vomiting. hurdle. for her. the primary tool that the u.s. used in the vietnam war was aerial bombardment that is how the most people were killed both north and south the us to use napalm. they used white

phosphorus they used chemical agents but most of all they used to fashion high explosives. and by the time it was all over the u.s. government had dropped three times the amount of bombs dropped by all parties in world war two more than eight million tons or the equivalent of six hundred forty hiroshima sized atomic bombs it's. very much together.

making. the transportation system rolling stock you are. getting with the biggest. margin. is what it takes to win the war. thomas. and all this nineteen searched for.

the sky is the lemon. we use special interest and access required munt. ready for free flight. to turn off one. became the business. as it should and those feed from a virgin the previous life. and much to so many in a free flight. this is not

a theatrical set. this is a real correctional facility. is there any cultural life behind us. could transform a criminal into an orbiting citizen. and can performance really revolutionized the penitentiary system. prison. well when one deals with war for us to realize that this tremendous amounts of damage that have done not just human damage but damage the physical environment in which the battlefield takes place tremendous amounts of damage done by aerial bombs by napalm boy come. whether it's a sonic boom six factory in mammals or it's the burning oil fields here in iraq or

destroyed reefs in the pacific for women purposes the list just goes on and on the geneva conventions of nineteen forty nine states that they are shall be taken in war to protect the involved against widespread long term and severe damage the united states although it is accepted almost all of the provisions political one has taken exception to that.

observe nature and discover a. new leaf. communicate with the wild. test yourself and become free. nature can give you the.

world to. bring you the latest in science and technology from around the world. we've got the future covered. wealthy british style the stock. market why not. find out what's really happening to the global economy with my stronger for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines two kinds a report on our. morning news today violence is once again flared up. these are the images. from the

streets of canada. china corporations are today.

violent unrest intensifies in egypt as supporters of the bottle president hosni mubarak take to the streets of cairo for the first time to clash with those who want him out of the said he has a role in egypt's new neighbors and look no actually as turmoil continues while these days of middle east history unfolds. u.s. president barack obama signs the new start nuclear arms cost treaty meaning the deal between russia and america to reduce nuclear weapons will go live in just days replaces the nineteen ninety one agreement which. will reduce both countries need to elsinore by law the said the. most good ones of returning asian old etc collins unfounded expulsion of a diplomat and other claims russian intelligence made fake irish principles for inspiring an austin the u.s.

last year. and those are the headlines up next in our talk show talking about what's behind the uprising in egypt and what lies ahead. hello welcome to cross talk i'm getting a little game changer as events continue to unfold in egypt what kind of middle east is coming into being and.