been hit by the bomb over here what was then the us sub-treasury. and of course the stock exchange with a big flag on it there seem buildings that would have been here most famously the morgan bank. and that really was and in some ways still is just the epicenter of american capitalism and government tell me what happened at about twelve zero one a wagon or strong wagon exploded into the lunchtime crowd. they killed about forty people in the street and injured hundreds of people was fairly sophisticated i mean whoever built this thing. knew what they're doing they knew what they were doing and of course the question immediately became who was that person or who were those people and the best theory is that it was a man named mario buda who was an italian an artist who was a loan operator and he was even within this circle of

a militant anarchists very committed revolutionaries he was the committed of the committed what did he want though i mean it was there anything that give us an idea what these guys wanted and there was a lawyer found in a mailbox nearby who blocks up that way that said free the political prisoners or it will be death to all of you and it was signed the american an artist fighters the political prisoners were two italian anarchistic sacco and vanzetti who had been arrested and later executed by the federal government after an abortive bank robbery. it was a notorious case critics claimed it was a show trial. was a close associate of both men. so the idea was that this had been somehow a blow against capitalism the idea of the street the idea of banks big moment of labor warfare a revolution you just have revolution so that whole sis. capitalism government put

together was what they were striking a blow at this was the first car bomb right it was the first no no of course it's not a car and it's sense but it was a way as invented right here wall street. what happened to buddha would have actually fled the united states he went back to italy but he never came back to the states as far as anyone knows. the wall street explosion was not just the first car bomb it was a terrorist blueprint. and the car bomb would next appear in the middle east in palestine and the violent struggle over the founding of the state of israel. in the one nine hundred forty s. palestine was under british rule. the majority arab population were opposed to a jewish state. the same time extremist jewish factions like the stern gang waged

a terrorist campaign against those who they saw as enemies of the future jewish state. arabs and british troops. stern's organisation leckie freedom fighters of israel were determined to drive arabs out by terror from wild where he saw as their rightful jewish homeland. who started the first car bombing here in this school. whose two whose decision was that the racial means they decided. it was the headquarters of they aren't fighting pulsars. left he were opposed to any deal with the arabs by the mainstream jewish leadership led by david ben-gurion. and planning car bombs was a short cut to provoking all out war. on january the fourth one thousand nine

hundred forty eight lucky strike. their target was the sariah building in the heart of java a densely populated arab district. the skies as arabs a lot you bomb team drove a truck packed with two hundred pounds of explosives and park close to the building . the electric timer was set for eighty seconds to let the bombers get away. the explosion killed twenty eight including innocent passers by and injured hundreds. but he did not have a monopoly on planning car bombs. the palestinians made plans to strike back using their own bomb maker. could train by the nazis during world war two. thousand the sister. was close to him. she has never spoken about her brother

before. she came to what sort of training did he get in germany you're talking to us go commando command. in. knesset eight looted wireless devices communications and all types of explosives. six weeks after serai thousand targeted jewish stronghold ben yehuda street in the heart of jerusalem this insanity take being yehuda street was in charge of the operation he was in charge he planned bombs at the beginning the middle and the end of the street. but you roussillon in one nine hundred forty eight was an armed camp. jewish areas protected by checkpoints and rifle bearing guards. the only way through was to disguise the bond vehicles as a british military convoy. and the men driving those trucks were six british army

desert hers. we should tell me about the two british designer so you weren't any of the dusters you knew who were quick who wants that work the. system that comes the skinny and i thought they were not just so that there was a big in them but if soldiers who were working with him. and they were against the british policy keith ellison a lie through people from then and there placed them with other people by those american who is thousand used to plan missions with them and they used to carry it out see that home a nest of. parking the truck bombs close to two hotels being used as barracks by jewish fighters in the desert or shot a security guard. and then fled. i don't you and it's a it's a fuse explosion. they can. get up get out because if it's going

to be a skill we wanted to distill case we were looking for the lost. the three thousand pound bombs tore through the surrounding buildings killing sixty. heino was not just an eyewitness she was also allegedly a member taken part in bombing operations let me ask you this question did the truck bomb make you with the resistance. made you angry or sure if newt gingrich or rush sunday leave when things do go to a cult. would kill civilians be killed down to war against those who are going to tokyo you just. left you were the first terrorist group in the world to use car bombs but they would not be the last. first the jews in the arabs.

the world's first car bomb or. less. they planted four. and fallacies planted four hundred twenty people die. the car bombing only stopped in may one nine hundred forty eight when war broke out and the checkpoints became front lines. a new terror weapon cheap and convenient had been born. but palestine in one nine hundred forty eight did produce one further novelty the car bomb as a key assassination weapon when i could to try to blow up the jewish political leadership. would have been in this building here where he was the government of the jews and. in this second flow he'll was the champion of the sunken father of the state of his a country been good to ups one bit. and say believe that if

they would kill him jews may not establish their state the special east of the arabs and focusing. on the explosion and there. was extremely. how many people were killed when seven people were killed and hunger . would have happened. if ben-gurion had been in this office the fame been going on with the cuban. jews wouldn't establish a state because he was only a prime minister the only leader but he was is you can say george washington george washington of the united states. sassy dating your enemy supreme leader is nothing new the president abraham lincoln what was new was the car bomb.

parked in the right place packed with enough explosives you can target any man on earth. kings and presidents have to drive the roads just like the rest of us and the moment you do your vulnerable. car bombs are so easy you can use them purely for business if your business is controlling the world's heroin supply. in the early sixty's the sicilian mafia discovered a new way to make rival mafiosa disappear by booby trapping their cars and blowing them to pieces. in sicily the power of the mafia is as old as the statues. five million people live here. but hidden amongst them is an estimated seven thousand mafia members. yet the power of the cosa nostra is felt everywhere from the highest political office right

down to the smallest market stall. this park. so we how do you know the mafia this year. because. the who lost the most to the phoenician you call those. things started to change in one nine hundred fifty seven when the sicilian an american mafia met in this lavish palermo hotel organize the world's heroin trade. but business did not run smooth. in one thousand sixty three the first mafia war broke out between two clans goes and the barbera its. mother. giovanni scotto is an anti mafia campaigner but he is also the net. if

you have a key mafia boss cesare. money fellow was an ally of the greco. and the first mafioso to be assassinated with a car bomb. my account was blocking these drive and you needed to go beyond it to enter into that. the car was exactly the same type to a friend or he thought he was his friend. so it got into the new car turn the key and the explosion happened and they had a school why did they not when they killed your uncle use a pistol instead of a corpse in my uncle's murder was the first mafia and their first act of terrorism. by killing my uncle in this way they wanted to emphasize their revenge given that the mafia stopped using car bombs for seventeen years until

a new more ruthless generation of mafia leaders took over and used car bombs to assassinate judges and magistrates. every judge they blow up turned the heat on more arrests trials prison. but unlike the mafia the next car bombers wanted the blast of their homemade bomb to reverberate all the way to the white house. it was do it yourself terrorism the ventral trail of destruction would spanned the globe from ireland oklahoma and the middle east. to. the car bomb was about to become the perfect lethal weapon. in the late sixty's students at the university of wisconsin in the midwest were in revolt.

there were daily demonstrations protests. alan thompson was an f.b.i. special agent assigned to the state capitol madison. but what was it like in one thousand seven hundred were the students life it was happening here well the students were. really involved with the the vietnam war there was demonstrations going on and some of them were very violent there was a lot of tear gas lot of broken windows what was the dimia the key demand was to get out of vietnam. but it tiny splinter group of students saw themselves as

already at war with the nixon administration. and the nearest target was close at hand the campus army math research center. a research lab funded by the pentagon and housed in the department of physics. at three forty two am on the twenty fourth of august nine hundred seventy an explosion destroyed the army math center. hundreds of f.b.i. agents from all over the united states were sent to wisconsin this was an extreme interest of the white house was that this is the explosion of slowly if it went all the way to the director's desk there was daily contact with the the oval office as to what was happening out here and why it happened and we had to come up with samantha's real fast as to what was what was going on so anyone killed yes a young physicist by the name of robert foster not was killed in initial blast.

the f.b.i. team immediately focused their investigation on a car spotted fleeing from the scene at high speed. the bombers were led by a twenty two year old college dropout carl armstrong. this is the route you came up for the one armstrong agreed for the first time to return to the building and. talk about the night before wisconsin. where did the idea come from the car bomb my brother and i were like basically you know we were considering ways to. research center and my brother going so slow mo why don't we just fill up a truck full of explosives in a sudden off aside for a moment and my immediate reaction was that's crazy the armstrong brothers stumbled upon the ultimate terrorist weapon of the twentieth century. but there was another

deadly twist they bought the base materials for their explosives in the local hardware store. first while we bought in materials from a farmer's co-op morning nitrate and fuel oil and then we transported it to our site which was a farmer's field and not basically we just put it on the ammonium nitrate and you know it's a by hand own only just pour it into the barrel. and you get the idea we didn't have the internet. so basically the formula is in the encyclopedia britannica under watch. also how much of the whole thing cost you. two hundred dollars for a lot of nigerians. carl and his three fellow student bombers then stole a van and mixed explosives together. they drove to the university.

inside the van was a kind and a half of explosives. well i'm. ashamed that you know robert bosnak guide people were injured. but i have no regrets for my motivations for doing it and doing it was a message and we were trying to send it out to the government. after the bombing armstrong fled to canada and was a fugitive for two years. but was then extradited back to wisconsin. his trial was a cause celebre for many in the end i wore a movement. he served ken years in prison. said part about it is that the the research that the claim of the army meth research center was doing was not research for the army at all so in other words

this is an act of protest the turning back to murder absolutely absolutely counterproductive counterproductive here in madison and probably throughout the united states you know the significance of this is you can take a group of amateurs. with almost no money like one hundred dollars stolen car fertilizer. so it was in a sense it was a turning point absolutely basically a hundred dollars you can shake a country exactly. marvin here broadcasting live from washington d.c. coming up today on the big picture.

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the first place. the lead. hundreds of tanks and anti-aircraft artillery pieces had turned to be a two million if you will for the u.s. and britain beat the drums of war target this time libya but as the rest of the world remains cautious the pentagon and mainstream media may have found a rhythm they can dance to. and who can you really trust in times of war well it turns out for many both in and out of the establishment no one will have much more on a report that shows the u.s. soldiers were ordered to use a psychological operations on their own people the last people who may have expected it. will be your head while yours remorse that's that's for sure no

regrets from a one thousand dollars deserved i want their paycheck well while wall street elites plucked the pleasures of new york main street taste the bitter bite of reality. it's wednesday march second five pm in washington d.c. and christine for sound and watching our team major violence at this hour across the north african country of libya according to recent reports the libyan air force has bombed an oil refinery there and battles between those who are loyal to moammar gadhafi and those who want him to step down continue several towns across the country meanwhile the u.s. is flexing its military muscles and may find a partner in the u.k. that is argues war and a report that may be where it ends. we do not in any way the use of military

assets we must not tolerate this regime using military force against its own people is this history repeating itself the british government getting the guns on standby as a country crumples to impose a no fly zone in this case libya in two thousand and three it was iraq it's looking very dangerous it's looking quite possible that they will launch such an attack with or without un approval and so we're looking at almost a repeat of what happened in iraq and in the results so suspect to be largely the same but not every country is getting that treatment and libya is not the only african nation in turmoil somalia has drawn out conflict has been called a slow genocide but there's little sign of u.s. or european military inputs and it's a similar story on the other side of the continent there are events unfolding right now in ivory coast where there is also

a conflict an armed conflict between rebels and the government but nobody seems to be thinking of that it's only because fashionable attention is focused on libya but also for the political implications of the middle east as a whole because we all know the west including my own country has got its hands very dirty with the libyan leadership over recent years dirty with black coal and libya has the largest proven oil reserves in africa more than three percent of the global toso and there could be a lot more undiscovered the only reason they're interested in. your oil here anybody screaming and yelling about all those people they were killed in new york. i guess cocoa was that that much of a national priority but in somalia there was precious little help while the body count rose over the years except for one brief disastrous intervention involving u.s. soldiers immortalized in the movie. black hawk down american forces failed great

cost to stabilize the country they left quickly and haven't returned and the lessons were learned when it came to iraq which remains of a staple even now with only feeble she said that much vaunted democracy allied troops are equally bogged down in afghanistan with the timeline for withdrawal and an ever rising death toll to clear up. the mess that's been made in afghanistan the terrible progress that was caused in iraq really shouldn't be on any more countries in the middle east it's a model today's troubles african nations won't want to impose on their government which is still ruling. out american military occupation of iraq really. help. revolutionaries throughout the middle east. and american and european government shouldn't look for backing whom up to a million marched in london even the invasion of iraq in two thousand and three and

times have changed this is now austerity britain where starting another war wasn't factored into the budget british troops are already fighting an unpopular war in afghanistan it's highly unlikely the public has the appetite for again getting involved in someone else's struggle battling as they are at home in the face of deep cuts rising unemployment and it's unlikely to be popular inside this building the ministry of defense has to slash spending by more than seven and a half billion dollars in the next four years it's an intervention britain would fight hard to afford on many levels nor and it's. all right so here's what we know the us sixteen has been shipped in the mediterranean and u.s. secretary of state hillary clinton stated quote nothing is off the table and as we just are british prime minister david cameron has echoed those sentiments so the u.s. and britain considering i think it's fair to say yet another. start of invasion at

least this no fly zone and if they do who will joining our now the united nations china and russia for starters don't seem to be interested what about nato probably not since turkey's prime minister has called the idea nonsense and absurd so could this be get another instance of go it alone phyllis bennis is a fellow at the institute for policy studies and joins me now to discuss and phyllis you know we saw little talk about this being history repeating itself libya at the start of libya looking sort of like two thousand and three iraq your comment to us i think the conditions are very different and i think the circumstances facing policymakers in washington are very different that doesn't mean there's no danger it doesn't mean that there's no possibility that someone will make the insane decision to send troops what i think is more likely is that there will be an effort to respond to demands that have been made by some members of the opposition asking for a no fly zone that will be harder to argue against not because it will work we

remember i think people in the entire region remember what happened with a no fly zone in iraq hundreds of civilians were killed by the enforcement of that no fly zone that hasn't changed i think libyans remember very well what happened in one thousand nine hundred six when the u.s. came to attack could duffey they were going to attack just him it was just pinpoint surgical bombing right well they missed him they got fifteen civilians including his three year old daughter who were killed in those airstrikes i think people in libya remember that very well so it's pretty clear that the majority of people in libya do not want foreign troops the question of a no fly zone is a little bit trickier because it sounds so easy the one thing that gives me a little bit of hope is that even the secretary of defense here in washington robert gates has said that this would be a bad idea so it may be that this is a lot of posturing trying to make nice to the opposition on the whole.