standing is that the ira was running up explosives and guess what your idea or a great difficulty in getting a hold of military or commercial explosives to get small amounts that you could steal from quarries you could buy some on the market with the money not to use that net nitrate was probably the biggest commercial fructan lives are in the public the government had a share in the complete manufactured. the british took countermeasures to make it more difficult for the ira to make anfo. simply boiling up fertilizer to make explosives no longer works. but the ira also found ways around those restrictions. and ramped up their car bomb or. tommy gorman was one of the ira's top bomb makers in belfast in the one nine hundred seventy s. . tommy's job was to assemble the bombs

set the timer before handing over the device to the bomb team who drove the car to its target in the city center. those people who did not flee got back because they heard that stephen r. if you got someone who was nervous and maybe start to panic if they got held up in traffic what about women when as well you're just as good as men so i know better now. one of those women was marion price i mean i i didn't i didn't even the time i was too young and i didn't have a license but i've been in a car that was laden with explosives them being brought into belfast and we were stopped by the british army and that the time we had the explosives in the door part of the car too soon to went in the door for me and i said to no no no no no i can money and when i got in the car because i was born a minute he i think he was more interested in looking at me like a son he was but the car. most of the time the ira called in warnings.

that the ira same was economic terrorism buildings not bodies. under their own rules killing civilians was wrong. but planning car bombs is not an exact science. and when the ira messed up people lots of people died. on the afternoon of the twenty first of july one thousand nine hundred seventy two the ira planted twenty two car bombs in the center of belfast. all time to go off within minutes of each other. bloody friday was the world's first mass car bomb attack. the ira phoned in warnings but one bomb prematurely exploded in oxford street bus station. killing six passengers. many others were horribly mutilated.

are you ashamed of what happened. there was a terrible terrible day there's no way that the security forces could have cared because it's the spray of everyone. but the slaughter on bloody friday did not stop the ira. the bombing campaign accelerated. in one thousand nine hundred seventy two there were one thousand three hundred eighty two explosions. the ira leadership was now ready to bring the car bomb on to the streets of london. it was our job to go and pick the targets and plan the operation. on march the eighth one thousand nine hundred seventy three. for the first time and

planted for. nineteen year old marian price was leader of the bomb team. we went along on the morning that the bombs went off and the driver and the person he was to set the timer they got up at six in the morning they drove the boards to their targets and it was planned that by the time the bombs week was that afternoon at three o'clock. leave it all to. marion chose for spectacular targets including the old bailey courthouse. but the most prestigious target was new scotland yard. peter gurney a bomb disposal officer was on duty that day. and i phone four called. the number plates on the car did not relate to that particular vehicle the law could be in time but with so we decided that what we would do we would go into the booth through the rear seats where. you would see that it was packed with exposure

of. both one hundred eighty pounds of explosives the problem was moving forward from exposure but not the initiator we had no idea how long it was there on the cloth what we just decided to do was to take the explosive away from the bomb on the fly we're putting barges forward pound bags are exposed to put them on the other saw the road sort of the bomb went off with us to go through. the building one hundred of our stories with a new inflation's. all the windows watching those were what was the significance of this bomb these were the first called bomb used in the. two bombs did explode. the irish war was now on the streets of london. marion spent the next decade in prison but over the next twenty five years the ira would explode thousands of car bombs. just one bomb could destroy

a small town or blast the heart of a key financial center like the city of london. bomb disposal officer my cauldron was called out to diffuse the biggest ira bomb of all. round about ten twenty seven thirty morning. tremendous blast of a truck up there in bishop. about three and a half thousand kilograms i exploded. so in a blast wave that ripped all. windows out of the whole area. the ira deliberately planted the bishopsgate bomb on a saturday morning knowing that most of those city offices would be empty. it was economic terrorism. shoreditch bishopsgate was thrown about one billion pounds. imagine twenty times the amount of devastation in

city centers around the united kingdom. the ira never won their war in ireland but the british lost theirs on the streets of the city of london. did you think this was going to change the politics of northern ireland when this bomb went off oh no doubt about it and i saw the devastation and realised what a launch those bombs were ushered in eighteen months we'll be talking pictures. at the height of the troubles the ira churned out car bombs as if on a production line. the but you don't need a secret army to launch a car bomb attack. even the smallest terrorist cell can make a one off fertilizer bomb. in one nine hundred ninety three the same year as bishopsgate car bombers would return to america and strike again at new york's financial

district. the target was the world trade center. on friday feb nineteenth a massive explosion ripped through the underground parking garage of the north tower. david williams was the chief f.b.i. investigator. were we walked into the trade center it was kind of like walking into a cave. you hear people hollering screaming in the background rescue workers basically you had a crater that was five stories to. the one nine hundred ninety three world trade center bombing was the first major terrorist attack on american soil since

the one nine hundred twenty s. on wall street. be i was in charge but local police forces like the new york city bomb squad were part of the team. don saddam was sent into the bomb crater on sunday afternoon forty eight hours after the blast to help a forensic chemist team take samples. but then said we spotted this strange metal fragment crumpled and twisted by the power of the explosion. what was unusual was the damage it was so ripped into course that i've been to scenes in organized crime where people were killed with car bombs and completely blew a car up but i've never seen the undercarriage blown out into pieces as as i was looking at there so i knew that this had to be right next to will possibly the vehicle that would bring such a large vehicle bomb in here and i took my gloves off and as i ran my thumb and so i could feel it like an encryption it was

a star shape letters letters numbers numbers numbers and then this ended in the starship and i knew that this was a confidential the number. confidential vehicle identification numbers are inscribed on different parts of a car by the manufacturer to help police identify stolen vehicles. at that point i made a decision and i said to the team we have to take these pieces out of here i know it's against the law it is and i see dawn and you know carrying a stretcher up i'm thinking as i get closer i see that they had a piece of metal on the stretcher i started to raise hell because they were moving evidence before we were up and running with an evidence control center but soon forensic teams confirm hunch. it was now just fifty hours from the time of the explosion and the hunt for the bomb van and the bombers was rolling. and

that led to a break in the case that was obviously a great break in the case because we were able to trace the number back as a four conall line family owned by writer readily and traced that this particular van to jersey city were it was last rented to an individual by the name of muhammad solomon. salomé was part of a small cell of islamist terrorists incensed by america's support for israel. the attack on the world trade center was their declaration of war. salomé was arrested. the trail led to a storage facility packed with bomb making equipment. but the real mastermind the bomb maker ramzi yousef had fled to pakistan on the night of the world trade center bombing ramzi yosef was basically the lead explosive instructor. in afghanistan teaching other folks to be teachers of buildings off bombs.

and you could certainly see a bomb or signature between beirut and the ninety three trade center. solemn a's amateurish attempt to reclaim his cash deposit would end in a record two hundred forty year jail term. but there was nothing funny about useless plan for the twin towers. the bomb van was deliberately parked near one of the towers key structural supports. his aim was to bring down both towers. we got a good blow by sunday night two days after the bombing the slurry foundation would have failed it would have allowed some of the hudson river and cause tower one to collapse most likely into tower two causing it to collapse. ramzi yousef was finally captured in pakistan two years later and extradited back to the

united states. he was taken by helicopter to the southern district of net app for arraignment and as the helicopter flew by the twin towers one of the agents points at the towers and says they're still standing. grandiose it takes a glance it looks back stoically it says more money and more time and they would not be and he was pretty correct. who is why again in one nine hundred twenty. you so struck in one nine hundred ninety three. the car bomb was back on american soil in every major government building was now a target. when i first came to washington tourists just pull up for the white house and take pictures the intent of the capitol was to make it an open place that americans could come walk around drive around it's all gone oh it mean this is

a city under siege. it's thanks to the car bomb. naively i always thought the threat would come from a. sees never from the heartland of america itself and in oklahoma the dream of the car turned nightmare. on the morning of the nineteenth of april one thousand nine hundred ninety five. a federal building in oklahoma city in the midwest was destroyed in an explosion. a massive bomb killed one hundred sixty eight mostly government office workers and shocked america. this was born in the usa terrorism. on the orders of president clinton dave williams was again assigned his chief investigator. oklahoma. absolutely.

some of the things that i saw in the y.m.c.a. which is process tree from the building and it was blood spatter and there were little children hand prints and that it was a children's day care center and there was blood everywhere chocolate milk and cookies and teddy bears were fingers in here. and that's terrorism when you come right down to it. within that first hour my swag my scientific while ask yes was that four thousand pounds of van full was used very simple combination of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and diesel fuel oil but one of the good breaks was that within minutes jim norman who was an f.b.i. bomb tech in oklahoma city heard the blast saw the blast got his car and drove down

and as he's running up to the belly here someone calling his name and it turns out to be a fireman. and he shows them a rear axle with a differential housing and this looks like it was probably part of the vehicle bomb struck a fortune also on that differential housing is a matrix number which identifies that make model year and owner of that vehicle turns out it was another ryder truck and was rented out of junction city kansas by a fellow with the name of robert cloying. playing turned out to be an alias but f.b.i. agents obtained a detailed photo fit and appealed for information on t.v. . and we got a call from the dreamland motel in kansas who said they stayed here. by cross

referencing calls made from the room and criminal records the f.b.i. raible to a dentist by a key suspect. we get a hit on timothy mcveigh in perry county oklahoma about eighty five miles north of oklahoma city and he was in jail for of course we're going to call the jail to see if he's still there and it was so funny that the individual that answer the phone there said yeah we have a timothy mcveigh here and it's walking by going for his bail hearing please hold on to. say was arrested just two hours after the bombing as he made his get away it was a routine traffic offense. he was stopped by a state trooper charlie hanger for not displaying a valid license plate he was carrying a concealed weapon. how do you remember that mcveigh was a right wing militia fanatic who thought the us federal government were tyrants.

it was a cold misplaced rage by one man. but with a rented truck and some cheap i'm. fertilizer. with the same power as an f. sixteen. thousand in. the federal government. still at eight hundred dollars. to other potential timothy mcveigh. but the next. vehicle borne improvised explosive device would shake the world. straight.

into the twin towers. it was truly. explosive device. the united states invaded iraq and afghanistan. but in these. tactical battlefield weapon. militarily the u.s. invasion of iraq was a. just three weeks. three hundred. defeated an army of a half a million seizing a country the size of california. of just one hundred thirty nine. but this stunning victory turn once coalition forces occupied iraqi cities.

former u.s. marine colonel thomas hammes served in iraq and is a leading military analyst. what did the car bomb mean for iraq. i think the car bomb changed the basic tactical situation in iraq successful counterinsurgency is based on being among the people close to them when you start bombing and you start to withdraw both government forces the police in iraq and u.s. forces in behind bomb barriers you cut off communication the people the car bomb separated the government from the people and at the same time inflicted casualties so it was the other big piece of an insurgency in other words kaminski american people were losing car bomb can't be stopped time to get out. insurgents used car bombs against any target the u.n.

religious shrines police stations and street markets. the blast of the car bomb turned blitzkrieg to defeat. to counter the car bomb the u.s. military has established. joint improvised explosive device defeat organization. with an annual budget of four billion dollars. most of those work is top secret vast electronic countermeasures to jam remotely detonated bombs . but some of it is just good old fashioned intelligence. will we defeat the car bomb for i don't think you can ever say that a car is a commercial entity and you go buy a car and then if you want to go get some fertilizer if you've got a few stray rounds of one five five shells such a file and i mean just suddenly you can make a car bomb and so it's not something that you're ever going to be able to eliminate

from the battlefield because the components are all there. across the world governments are hardening their buildings putting up barriers defenses against suicide truck bomber. downing street in the white house are turning into fortresses . the car bomb isn't the greatest terrorist weapon. it is in my opinion a car bomb is it wreaks terror in everyone any truck any car any vehicle that cries by you could be a bomb laden vehicle. i could only see it getting more enhanced by any chemical biological or nuclear material yes the vehicle bomb is probably the most devastating most impact a terrorist could have an indiscriminate killer how do we stop it i don't believe we can. there is one sure way we could defeat the car bomb. we could

walk. but we won't and we can't. the car is as basic a tool of our civilization as a nice. car is no longer a dream of freedom it's our necessity. but as long as there are cars there will be car bombs. truly the car bomb and it's make your own simplicity and it's perfect invisibility is and will be the decisive weapon of conflict.

the close of team has been to the old country and republic. center of russian defense production. now while he heads to central russia. handicrafts of become an industry. credit harsh winter makes pillows even more enjoyable. and west everyone can train to be

a stump. to the young or small fringe of. russia close up on oxy. would be soon which brightened if you knew about sums from phones to impression it's. nice crew stunts on t.v. don't come.

news today violence is once again flared up. these are the images go world has been seeing from the streets of canada. trying to corporations rule the day.

go overdrawn everything u.k. considers military intervention in the bed there if it is the only girl and violence in north africa could trigger another disastrous containing. the us our turf a pure acquaint you do out there in a new form a from war with war in media and of moving get among those who are winning the war she named r t i'll be back with more in just a few minutes. the bumpy and revolutionary road as the last leader of the soviet union turns eighty also takes a look at the country's democratic transition and what sort of belittled me will go but child for bringing destruction along with it.

welcome to our twenty four hour news live from moscow. storing our libyan rebel forces claim to have sought all that's hard by forces loyal to colonel gadhafi in the oil rich turn of bread with reports of fourteen dead meanwhile the u.n. is warning of an impending humanitarian crisis as thousands of libyans flee across the border to tunisia. with more. so far moving seventy five thousand people have fled here to tunis from neighboring libya the situation on the border is chaotic its border guards the struggle to keep what you need to stretch to the libyan people in need and when the gadhafi indicates to me we can begin to reach this country he said that should the united states or any foreign power try to intervene thousands of libyans would die he said to quote him that he was willing to fight if we lost and if we lost women to keep his.