the. moscow time thanks for being with me our t.v. news channel it's kevin owen here tonight with our top story update for you a fresh fire fights break out across libya as the country spirals towards civil war and company duffy's attempting to regain control of key oil rich areas in the east over two thousand people have reportedly been killed during more than a fortnight of fighting. others international calls to end the violence grow louder there's pressure concerned now over the mounting possibility of u.s. intervention washington is gathering naval and marine forces near the libyan border

. the story from us today hillary clinton says the u.s. is fighting and losing an information war with global media outlets including us that r.t. the us state department wants billions of dollars from congress to step up its propaganda efforts against the digital onslaught. coming up next of the history of the car bomb our crew explores the origins of influence of this form of deadly terrorism in the second part of our special report for you here on out. no matter how many of these. homemade explosives slipped across the atlantic into the hands of the ira. the world's first full scale car bomb war was now ready to begin. and the material to make the bombs was lying around in every farmer's barn in ireland.

china callaghan was a senior ira bomb maker at the time my understanding is that the ira was running out of explosives and yet yet yet a great difficulty in getting hold of the military commission explosives to get small amounts which could steal a completely you could bomb someone to knock a. few million items that midnight is probably the biggest commercial for the license and the actual company going to show the complete one faction. the british took countermeasures to make it more difficult for the ira to make and for. simply boiling up fertilizer to make explosives no longer works. but the ira also found ways around those restrictions. and ramped up their car bomb or. tommy gorman was one of the ira's top bomb makers in belfast and

the one nine hundred seventy s. . tommy's job was to assemble the bombs set the timer before handing over the device to the bomb team who drove the car to its target in the city center. it was people who did not take a cat because they had the stinger and he got someone who was nervous and i would start to panic if they get held up in traffic but about women well that's where i am just as good as mad so how about a. one of those women was marion price me i didn't i didn't from even the time i was too young and i didn't have a license but i'd been in a car that was laden with explosives that were being brought into belfast and we were stopped by the british army and that the time we had the exposed needle upon the car. and so it went to you in the door for me and i sitting down i can manage

and i don't i'm a car because i'm going to men and he i think he was more interested in looking at my legs than he was with the car. most of the time the ira called in warnings. that the ira say was economic terrorism buildings not bodies. under their own rules killing civilians was wrong. but planning car bombs is not an exact science. and when the ira messed up people lots of people die. on the afternoon of the twenty first of july one thousand nine hundred seventy two the ira planted twenty two car bombs in the center of belfast. all time to go off within minutes of each other. bloody friday was the world's first mass car bomb attack. the ira phone in warnings but one

bomb prematurely exploded in oxford street bus station. killing six passengers. many others are horribly mutilated. are you ashamed of what how bloody friday. there's no way that the security forces got a clear cause this the spread of bombs are everywhere. but the slaughter on bloody friday did not stop the ira. the bombing campaign accelerated. in one nine hundred seventy two there were one thousand three hundred eighty two explosions. the ira leadership was now ready to bring the car bomb on to the streets of london. it was our job to go and pick the targets and plan the operation.

on march the eighth one nine hundred seventy three the ira attacked blind for the first time and planted four car bombs. nineteen year old marian price was leader of the bomb team we went along on the morning that the bombs went off and the driver and the person he was detained they got up at six in the morning they threw for the bombs teeter targets and it was by the time the bombs we call thought afternoon at three o'clock. we've moved on to. marion chose for spectacular targets including the old bailey courthouse. but the most prestigious target was new scotland yard. peter gurney a bomb disposal officer was on duty that day. and i called the fourth call. and the number of folks on the call did not relate to that particular vehicle were

welcome been tampered with so we decided that what we would do we would go into the booth through the rear seats were in theory and you would see that it was packed with exposure of. both one hundred eighty pounds of explosives the problem was moving forward from exposure with the initiator we had no idea how long that was there or on the cloth what we just decided to do was to take the explosive away from the bomb on the part we're putting barges forward pound bags or explode well put them on the other saw the roads or the bomb went off with us to go through. the building had to be of are very good and no inflation is crossed very all the windows fortune those were what was the significance of this bomb these were the first called bomb used in. two bombs did explode. the irish war was now on the streets of london. marion spent the next decade

in prison but over the next twenty five years the ira would explode thousands of car bombs. and just one bomb could destroy a small town or blast the heart of a key financial center like the city of london. bomb disposal officer mike calder was called out to diffuse the biggest ira bomb of all. round about ten twenty seven saturday morning. tremendous blast of a truck up there in bishopsgate about three hundred kilograms i exploded. so in a blast wave that ripped all the windows out of the whole area. the ira deliberately planted the bishopsgate bomb on a saturday morning knowing that most of those city offices would be empty. it was economic terrorism. shoreditch bishopsgate were thrown

about one billion pounds. and now june twenty times the amount of legislation in city centers around the united kingdom. the ira never won their war in ireland but the british lost their ears on the streets of the city of london. did you think this was going to change the politics of northern ireland with this bomb went off on no doubt about it and i saw the devastation and realised on launch those bombs were ushered in eighteen months we'll be talking peace. at the height of the troubles the ira churned out car bombs as if on a production line. but you don't need a secret army to launch a car bomb attack. even the smallest terrorist cell can make a one off fertilizer bomb. in one nine hundred ninety three the same year as bishopsgate

car bombers would return to america and strike again at new york's financial district. the target was the world trade center. on friday feb nineteenth a massive explosion ripped through the underground parking garage of the north tower. dave williams was the chief f.b.i. investigator. were we walked into the trade center it was kind of like walking into a cave. to hear people screaming in the background rescue workers basically you had

a crater that was five stories to. the one nine hundred ninety three world trade center bombing was the first major terrorist attack on american soil since the one nine hundred twenty s. on wall street. yes b. i was in charge but local police forces like the new york city bomb squad were part of the team. don saddam was sent into the bomb crater on sunday afternoon forty eight hours after the blast to help a forensic chemist team take samples. but then saddam we spotted a strange metal fragment crumpled and twisted by the power of the explosion. what was unusual was the damage it was so ripped interests that i've been to scenes in organized crime where people were killed with car bombs and completely pull car up but i've never seen the undercarriage along without it to pieces as this i was looking at there so i knew that this had to be right next to or possibly the

vehicle that would bring such a large vehicle bomb in here and i took my clothes off and as i ran my thumb in so i could feel it like an encryption it was a star shape letters letters numbers numbers numbers and then this ended in a starship and i knew that this was a confidential then number. confidential vehicle identification numbers are inscribed on different parts of the car by the manufacturer to help police identify stolen vehicles. at that point i made a decision and i said to the team we have to take this this is out of here i know it's against the law it is and i see gone and you know carrying a stretcher up i'm thinking i get closer i see that they have a piece of metal on the stretcher i started to raise hell because they were moving evidence before we were up and running with an evidence control center but soon forensic teams confirmed said always hunch. it was now just fifty hours from the

time of the explosion and the hype for the bomb van and the bombers was rolling. and their lead to a break in the case that was obviously a great break in the case because we were able to trace the number back as a four conall line owned by writer readily and traced that particular van to jersey city where it was last rented to the individual by the name of muhammad solomon. salomé was part of a small cell of islamic terrorists incensed by america's support for israel. the attack on the world trade center was their declaration of war. salomé was arrested. the trail led to a storage facility packed but bomb making equipment. but the real mastermind the bomb maker ramzi yousef had fled to pakistan on the night of the world trade center

bombing. ramzi yosef was basically the lead explosive instructor. in afghanistan taking other folks can be creatures of builders of palm. and you could certainly see a bomb or signature between the roof and the ninety three crates in a. solemn maze amateurish attempt to reclaim his cash deposit would end in a record two hundred forty year jail term. but there was nothing funny about usis plan for the twin towers. the bomb ban was deliberately part near one of the towers key structural support. his aim was to bring down both towers. we got a good blow by sunday night two days after the bombing the slurry foundation would have failed would have allowed some of the hudson river in and cause tower one to

collapse most likely into tower two causing it to collapse. ramzi yousef was finally captured in pakistan two years later and extradited back to the united states. he was taken by helicopter to the southern district of net app for arraignment and as the helicopter flew by the twin towers one of the agents point at the towers and says they're still standing. rangi also takes a glance and looks back stoically it says more money and more time and it would not be and he was pretty correct. it is why again in one nine hundred twenty. uses truck in one nine hundred ninety three. a car bomb was back on american soil and every major government building was now a target. when i first came to washington tourists just pull up for the white house

and take pictures the intent of the capitol was to make it an open place that americans could come walk around drive around it's all gone now i mean this is a city under siege. it stinks to the core of the. naive lee i always thought the threat would come from overseas never from the heartland of america itself and in oklahoma the dream of the car turned nightmare. on the morning of the nineteenth of april one thousand nine hundred five the a.p. murrah federal building in oklahoma city in the midwest was destroyed in an explosion. a massive bomb killed one hundred sixty eight mostly government office workers and shocked america. this was born in the usa terrorism. on

the orders of president clinton dave williams was again aside as chief investigator . oklahoma see them effect on you absolutely. some of the things that i saw in the y.m.c.a. which is process tree from in our building and it was blood spatter and there were little children hand prints and the like it was a children's take care center and there was blood everywhere chocolate milk and cookies and katie bears her fingers in here. and that's terrorism when you come right down to it. so in that first hour my swag my scientific while asked yes was that four thousand pounds of anfo was used very simple combination of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and

diesel fuel one of the good brakes was that within minutes jim norman who was an f.b.i. agent on task in oklahoma city heard the blast saw the blast got his car and drove down and as he's running up to the belly here someone calling his name and it turns out to be a fireman and he shows him a rear axle with a differential housing and says this looks like it was probably part of the vehicle bomb struck a fortune also on that differential housing is a matrix number which identifies that make model year and owner of that vehicle turns out it was another ryder truck and was rented out of junction city kansas by a fellow with the name of robert cloying. playing turned out to be an alias but f.b.i. agents obtained a detailed photo fit and appealed for information on t.v.

. and we got a call from the dreamland motel in kansas who said they stayed here. by cross referenced. calls made from the room and criminal records the f.b.i. raible to identify a key suspect. we get him on the way in perry county oklahoma about eighty five miles north of oklahoma city and he was in jail for of course we're going to call the jail to see if he's still there and it was so funny that the individual that answered the phone there said yeah we have a faith here and it's walking by going for his bail hearing please hold on to. mcveigh was arrested just two hours after the bombing as he made his get away it was a routine traffic offense. he was stopped by a state trooper charlie hanger for not displaying

a valid license plate he was carrying a concealed weapon. mcveigh was a right wing militia fanatic who thought the us federal government were tyrants. it was a cold misplaced rage by one man. but with a rented truck and some cheap ammonium fertilizer they would bomb oklahoma with the same power as an f. sixteen fighter bomber. in two thousand and one mcveigh was executed by the federal government. still at eight hundred dollars ago there is no end to other potential timothy mcveigh's. but the next attack by a vehicle borne improvised explosive device would shake the world.

the nine eleven hijackers turned civilian aircraft into bombs joe. by crashing them into the twin towers. it was truly the ultimate vehicle borne improvised explosive device a plane on. after nine eleven the united states invaded iraq and afghanistan. but in these new wars the car bomb became the key tactical battlefield weapon. militarily the us invasion of iraq was a perfect blitzkrieg. in just three weeks now allied force of three hundred thousand defeated an army of a half a million seizing a country the size of california for the loss of just one hundred thirty nine men.

but this stunning victory turn once coalition forces occupied iraqi cities. to car bomb became king of the road. former u.s. marine colonel thomas hames served in iraq and is a leading military analyst. why did the car bomb. i think the car bomb changed the basic tactical situation in iraq successful counterinsurgency is based on being among the people close to them when you start bombing and you start to withdraw both government forces the police in iraq and u.s. forces in behind bomb barriers you come off communication with people the car bomb separated the government from the people and at the same time inflict casualties so it was the other big piece of an insurgency and other instruments the american

people were losing car bomb can be stopped time to get up. insurgents use car bombs against any target the u.n. religious shrines police stations and street markets. the blast in the car bomb turned blitzkrieg to defeat. to counter the car bomb the u.s. military has established gyda joint improvised explosive device defeat organization . with an annual budget of four billion dollars. most of joe's work is top secret it vance to electronic countermeasures to jam remotely detonated bombs. but some of it is just good old fashioned intelligence. will we defeat the car for i don't think you can ever say that a car is a commercial entity you go buy

a car and then if you want to go get some fertilizer if you've got a few stray rounds of one five five shells that you found i mean just suddenly you can make a car bomb and so it's not something that you're ever going to be able to eliminate from the battlefield because the components are all there. across the world governments are hardening their buildings putting up bomb barriers defenses against suicide truck bomber. downing street in the white house are turning into fortresses . the car bomb is it the greatest terrorist work on. india's in my opinion a car bomb is it wreaks terror in everyone any truck any car any collect rise by could be a family vehicle. i can only see it getting more enhanced by any chemical biological or nuclear material yes the vehicle bomb is probably the most devastating most

impact a terrorist could have an indiscriminate killing how do we stop it i don't believe we can. there is one sure way we could defeat the car bomb. we could walk. but we won't and we can't. the car is as basic a tool of our civilization as a knife. or a car is no longer a dream of freedom it's our necessity. but as long as there are cars there will be car bombs. truly a car bomb and it's make your own simplicity in its perfect invisibility is and will be the decisive weapon of conflict.

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