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minefield comes an r.s.s. feeds now an apology. question on the. lists. hello and welcome to technology update april twelfth two thousand and eleven marks the fiftieth anniversary of an incredible achievement that put soviet science and innovation not just on top of the world but beyond this world all together. it was that day in one nine hundred sixty one that saw the unprecedented launch of man into orbit the soviet cars were not due to go out and making history aboard of us talk spacecraft going in became a hero and the whole world caught space fever the behind the scenes the technology

that made manned flight possible had been a top priority for over a decade with both peaceful and military objectives siggy could go along with talented specialists like buddies to talk masterminded the soviet rocket program that emerged after the second world war as with their rivals in the us this will be its first developed rockets based on the german v. two that it cation was known as the r one first tested in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight soviet engineers work simultaneously on original designs that would create new rockets in quick succession within a decade defers to the now famous r seven family would be ready to launch sputnik. they mean yeah. for me the whole seven rockets have been there with all its details especially the control system and its modifications and it was like. well in fact i would say they need love and might here but we were all in love with the rocket and

i progressed incredibly quickly. the first rockets were designed to manufactured within two years. thanks to the efforts of his build is that it was designed to be so good because it even today only broke this based on the original construction of the saloon. they used for russia's manned floyd. we were. on the same lines that started turning. early modern sevens back in the late one nine hundred fifty s. today's most reliable site used launchers are produced with unparalleled presidio construction bureau progress in the russian city of simyra continues to rely on the design pioneered by kind of chatter token their colleagues tapping the rockets to fit the changing needs of the russian space program as well as those of the international clients. like.

the rock and seems to get younger every year as we advance components. we've changed the control system in the tel metric system since the end of the great india engine so from year to year the rockets overall functionality is increasing. in more than a half century of history our seven has said many faces and many firsts it was the first i.c.b.m. in the first satellite carrier the first to put humans in space and in modifications today is still the only launcher ever used to put soviet or russian cosmonauts into orbit. those aren't enough distinctions for the developers of tomorrow's best rockets progress is actively evolving new designs to meet new challenges in the aerospace industry and it's not just russian spacecraft set to shoot skyward fun progress built site a recent breakthrough in international cooperation as being keeping them busy since

the european space agency chose a new generation rocket known as this i used to s.t. for a soon to be open new package itself american space complex in french. position you would know. two of our rockets are currently sation if i go on a survey center guru needs to know the infrastructure was created and developed are complex. missiles past the test security it's not that i blew up on that we were put in it if we show this low status functional in a pool we will take a rocket in the mobile. service tower for a dryer when you're nice it's just as well i know it's the women we're counting down to liftoff yet there is no way it's always. for russian space engineers it's a new mission on a new con tropical french guyana is a far cry from the traditional russian launching ground on the context and they've been working with european partners for the better part of a decade to ensure the site is ready to launch pad will be unique insight uses a storied history of the first team for break

a mobile service tower and the first to install the rockets payload in vertical instead of forests on top position. the launch melt will also be fixed instead of rotating so the rocket itself has been designed as the first in our seven family capable of roll maneuvers for proper post launch positioning with first liftoff slated for august or september of this year the caruso use center will give european satellite launch capacity a much needed boost and will be yet another in a long list of high points produced by russia's progress. the technological level capacity of this plant and several other high tech factories that work among other things with cryogenics equipment will allow us to develop a new launcher under the name. it will be used to russia's new pads the cosmodrome. both directions

to many of the world's largest carried by conflict on the privilege of crossing russia over one hundred fifty billion dollars a year new plans on hold while here in this program which period. the soviet and russian space programs have blasted off from several sites spread across the country's vast territory but with the real heavy lifter now left outside russia's borders future hopes are being pinned on the plane cosmodrome russian for east. could be hosting launches by twenty six teams and it's appealing for more reasons than brant independence from russia's neighbors moving from the ground up lets the site be fully outfitted in twenty first century technology sites proximity to the pacific ocean is a plus both for transporting equipment to the base and for homeless descent of rocket boosters expended with each launch russian prime minister vladimir putin

made his way to the future cars madrone in the air more region of russia's far east for symbolic groundbreaking in august of two thousand and ten. russia's space is as a leading spacecraft the launch pad will improve a country's access to space as will be capable of launching all times of ships into orbit this includes manned flights and long term expeditions to the mood in this. rocket did central to these plans may have been designed to progress and. but it will lift off on the power of engines built by another key player in russia's aerospace industry moscow based in a go much. following in the experts analysis we've chosen the engine they still need ot one eighty and we've developed for sale to american call of those well knows already we've renamed it the v one eighteen of the stores. we've made

some adjustments to adapt it to the rockets that will fly from the store she launched. the primary design elements will be changed for all of the technical adjustments aimed at improving the engine will be made. back in the late soviet period in order to mushroom the makers of the r d one seventy the most powerful liquid fuel rocket engine in history in the ninety's they started work on a new model they cut down to two combustion chambers instead of four and found a powerful partner in the u.s. aerospace giant lockheed martin they'll join with boeing in a joint venture called united launch alliance the americans used to already won eighty as the first stage engine on their work force atlas five rocket previous editions of the atlas launchers used three engines in place of the one powerful in years ago march model the already won eighty produces nearly a million pounds force of thrust with the thrust to weight ratio more than fifteen

times that of the engines used to fly to supersonic concorde jet since the r.d. one eighty first gave the hapless quite a lift back in two thousand and two there been two dozen successful launches for american military commercial and space equipment but not all the hardware on board the atlas five has been american in the summer of two thousand and nine and unprecedented moon mapping mission was launched with the help of russian ingenuity in february two thousand and eleven the kremlin rolled out the red carpet to recognize the innovative work of young space research institute scientists maxine mckew and anton sun in whose lunar exploration new trying to detect or. linda for sure is playing a key role in asses lunar reconnaissance orbiter fact finding mission. because if she were the main eat fish there is the high spatial resolution in eva previous missions measured hydrogen levels for the spatial resolution of one hundred fifty kilometers they had a spot on the moon one hundred fifty kilometers in diameter i would advise taro's

that down to a ten kilometer spot you could send a man there to dig with a shovel and it will probably find something there water bonds was a particle's something like that. such a discovery would be no small matter since interest in the movies resources has created it goes beyond space science circles so what role does the new trying to take to play. the way our device works is quite simple from the point of view of physics where you introduce is neutrons emitted from the moon or the neutrons of forms of bats and meters under the moon ground due to cosmic rays they lose their kinetic charge once they reach the surface and rubbing against surface matter. is the result of hydrogen and that mass in ukraine's will be slowed down more efficiently removing a car device can graduate to better if. we were selected following an

open and fair competition. or what are the laboratory of los alarmist also took part in the kansas but all device that turns out to be better we've suggested narrowing down the visible areas by using a passive color. based on boron tan and. in all the lunar reconnaissance orbiter or l r o consists of six instruments intended to produce the most detailed analysis of the lunar environment to date this includes not just high resolution imaging of the moons terrain but also. tests for the potential biological impact of radiation from cosmic rays thermal and ultraviolet mapping of the moon surface to detect possible deposits of water ice in cold traps and topographical studies that help survey for future landing sites and hazards the impact of data is already being felt. secure russia's lunar program was recalibrated based on knowledge of ice is indications i

knew for sure that they changed the plans landing location and i'm confident that when the european space agency said discussing their programs will teach only countries that intend to launch a mission to the moon like china and japan they will take all data into account any muscle after a virtual decade's long good spell the international space community is again turning its attention to our nearest neighbor with lunar exploration projects and the plans of space programs the world over but even before these are set to bear fruit we'll be getting data back from even further afield as main kind reaches towards the red planet and its satellites almost grew into so much hype sample return mission to mars is mysterious moon. is a russian led project that will also transport it chinese made mars orbiter when it lifts off this november a sign from the longstanding attraction to the planet scientists interest thanks to

theories it's actually an asteroid captured by mars as gravity a living laboratory of the primordial space matter. this whole this is the part of masons that. the course or. the memory of the first be doing. instead it. is. updated since its first planned launch in two thousand and nine. is bigger and better in addition to the transport and return vessels as well as soil sampling equipment the complex now carries the chinese martian orbiter as well as an additional expendable fuel tank to propel the extra weight. meticulous testing is underway at the mosque l.-space research institute to assure the functionality of each focus group component. the orbital trajectory of mars and

its moons reaches its closest point to earth just once every twenty six months catching focus if any other time is both more complicated and more costly after missing the first launch window due to delays scientists understand time is of the essence. so unfamiliar environment of the martian moon surface means every single piece of the more than twenty scientific instruments that make up the probe has high standards to meet and exceed. what the. program unlike lunar programs here the task was undoubtedly complicated by the need to collect samples under tricky conditions gravity is virtually absent on phobos. well those aren't conditions easily recreated here on earth teams at the space research institute have gone to great lakes to prepare the high precision sampler that's at the heart of the focus mission a computerized full scale model of the robotic arm and sampling device was

constructed for the purpose as these samples could hold the secret to his origin millimeter. skill precision is the key this simply device achieves that on just five watts of energy and under two hundred grams of mass in addition to testing the hardware simply the model has been helpful in holding the specially designed software that will guide the real focus from soil sample or on the mission this direction not only to probe itself but the adjoining optical devices including cameras and microscopes even the tests ordered from colleagues in geochemistry could be the closest possible simulation of the mars moon. there's every reason to be confident that apparatus will execute the missions main objective. when focus groups arrives in orbit around mars after roughly ten month journey the chinese orbiter will split off after orbiting the red planet around a year to space craft will make its landing on the surface of full because there

will take it samples and send them back to earth. twenty fourteen is an unprecedented research a testament to the long term long range capability of state space programs. no matter how much i work on my designs there's little chance of them leaving my room let alone leaving the earth's atmosphere but increasingly independent initiative and private funds are becoming legitimate players in this space industry. each cylinder a model rover made by a private russian company the moscow snow might not be an analog for the moon's terrain but the models makers have lunar ambitions and perhaps just the right incentive. to do this just in september two thousand and seven company google and the x. prize foundation and owns the most and vicious contests in history they wanted to send the first of a private lunar robot to the moon to google in x. prize we started coming together as

a team there on the same time and when we found out about the company we saw that forming an initiative group that was serving as the core of the team. then we made it official it will seem as the competition's sole representative from russia. has come up. with the lunar x. prize entrants will not be alone in russian history is this soviet era going to hold a moon rover program offers a formidable foundation usually when the moon surface is in sight. yet you need one for the team still in the cold has an important ally this traumatization from the seventy's features real life luna hold the pilot gets just slough don't get it in we have movements you know one forward could show you go more just tell him pitch angle more you just feel the trail decreasing beautiful that has made contact with the moon twenty one o three evaluating surroundings. like maybe meters to the right

a rocky mountain over fifty centimeters high in your. vision you solution when you're at two meters back and the problem is you can't trust sixty degrees to the right three in the rover is moving. today don't get his team would still in accord to bring sylvia their expertise to bear on a twenty first century project. from a technological standpoint everything is new. back then we operated remotely with no computers now it's all computerized but the first soviet moon over was essentially a light oldsmobile weighing seven hundred fifty six kilogram. this rover weighs five to six kilograms. and then look at the size of. our over is forty centimeters long the soviet one was four meters. so it was much larger significantly design of the original little cords was the subject of

serious scientific debate and extensive testing in the program first emerged in the one nine hundred sixty s. an elaborate top secret artificial moon surface was constructed for the purpose and soviet crimea chassis size and shape vary greatly as did the distribution of on board equipment perhaps the most important aspect in question was how exactly the rovers would move walking crawling hopping tracked and we'll designs all had their pluses and minuses defenders and detractors cylinder called partners designed are hoping answer many of the same construction questions at the center of their lunar x. prize campaign as industrial designers their job is to find the overlap between form and function like their soviet predecessors four decades ago they've narrowed the field to true most attractive mobility options wield like their first prototype and a second walking model. for now this stepping still in a hole exists only on computers but its advantages are becoming clear the vehicle

has to be ultra light to keep the transport costs reasonable and a wheeled vehicle with the small mass faces trouble which traction as a result is leaning towards a walking rover along these lines. trying to make it look good. to make our design functional. for instance we're working with expanded shapes can save us up to fifty percent of mass by redistributing pressure inside. just a plastic toy. it is actually quite a complicated machine which has to work in extreme conditions. and if we manage to make it. bring invasive. we will be happy never of the expense of the engineering.

team still in a cold marches onward with funds to raise and a second prototype to fabricate a company with a total of twenty nine teams from seventeen countries in the race to put their rover on the moon surface and unique is google's twenty five million dollars purse maybe the lunar x. prize is just one example of the expanding arena of private space entrepreneurship . and island country of eighty thousand people in the middle of the irish sea may not seem a likely player in this space exploration game usually dominated by world superpowers but if you believe the hype the next giant leap for mankind might be coming from the isle of man it's a place best known for its beautiful landscapes tasty cheeses clean scallops and business friendly tax code then generally means

a focus on offshore banking with the arrival of two soviet made space stations owned by the company excalibur almaz in early two thousand and eleven showcase the island's expanding emphasis on space commerce the isle of man is never really. in the business of launching rockets. or building satellites. courage some high high end high technology. space manufacturing to the isle of man but essentially we're looking to help facilitate the private sector and to into the space industry through having a man we joined russian cosmonaut in excalibur almaz project consultant. on a visit to the island home of the former soviet station as they retooled the oma spacecraft for a return to orbit they're banking on the tried and tested expertise already invested in their design and construction to stay a step ahead of space tourism competitors. because

of history's first multiple use spacecraft of its class. the so-called. so this is a capsule you will look at not just for use on a single flight mission but for ensuring up to thirty launches. back in the mid one nine hundred sixty s. the soviet military launched almost program to provide a million surveillance station in low earth orbit alongside k.s. priestcraft consisting of a service module and the reusable b. entry vehicle were to be launched on the heavy lifting proton rocket this station's flew under the name cell used two three and five in the seventies and were outfitted with advanced observation communication equipment even modified artillery to protect against enemy satellites the original project was divided into later discontinued both the station's going to return capsules again to the usual flight testing. the inside space is about fifteen cubic meters of.

it which is enough to house three or four people. we are retaining the power of the life support infrastructure. structured so that every person has a private working space and. this model of space planning is the most suitable for our goals as it will assign to source. space tourists to work in a comfortable environment and everyone will have their own working place and a window. to the conference so was really good when they go for the capsule will be the first part of the complex to fly with excalibur almaz taking up to three passengers into orbit they'll be sent on a trajectory to dock with the home on station the crew can then pass through the adapter into their temporary cosmic quarters we should see more spacious to wait list visitors floating between floor and ceiling. excalibur almaz cooperates with the u.s.

and european space going to the you know. we're hoping to launch an unmanned flight by twenty thirty. and have a full scale man's flight with a service module by twenty four hours of the more than. combining the experience of seasoned russian space men and savvy american businessmen excalibur almaz is getting down to work on making the dream a reality after raising money and international interest on the isle of man and they expect russia to be the logical launch partner by their calculations six capsule launches a year would be the magic number for making orbital maidens have the almost station it's economically viable that sooner than you might think with would be tourists already in line so more than a half century and a pair of manned spaceflight still finding new ways to open up the vast expanse of our solar system now more than ever there's a chance to the next liftoff could taking you into orbit and when you're launch think finally comes enjoy the ride.

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