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today violence is once again flared up. these are the images the world. catches. for asians are. a. few. hello and welcome to technology update in two thousand and eleven marks the

fiftieth anniversary of an incredible achievement and put soviet science in innovation not just on top of the world but beyond this world all together. it was that day in one nine hundred sixty one that saw the unprecedented launch of man into orbit the soviet cousin and you got in making history aboard of us talk spacecraft going in became a hero and the whole world caught space fever the behind the scenes the technology that made man flight possible had been a top priority for over a decade with both peaceful and military objectives siggy could go along with talented specialists like but he should've told masterminded the soviet rocket program that emerged after the second world war as with their rivals in the us this will be its first developed rockets based on the german v. two that indication was known as the r one first tested in nine hundred forty eight soviet engineers work simultaneously on original designs that would create new rockets in quick succession within a decade to first of the now famous r seven family would be ready to launch sputnik

. yeah i guess. for me the whole seven year old could have been there with all its details especially the control system and its modification was like oh yeah. one factor i would say they need. we will do all in love with the rocket and i progressed incredibly quickly. the first rockets were designed to manufactured within two years. and thanks to the efforts of his builders that was the designing to be so good that even today only rockets based only original construction of this launch. a used for russia's manned floyd. were. on the same lines that started turning out. early models are seven's back in the late one nine hundred fifty s. today's most reliable site used launchers are produced with unparalleled

precipitous construction bureau progress in the russian city of simyra continues to rely on the design pioneered by kind of your chin or token our colleagues tapping the rockets to fit the changing needs of the russian space program as well as those of international clients. like. the rock and seems to get younger every year as we advance components. we change the control system in the tell metric system. and upgrading the engine so from year to year the rockets overall functionality is increasing. in more than a half century of history are seven has said on many faces and many firsts it was the first i.c.b.m. and the first satellite carrier the first to put humans in space and in modifications to date is still the only launcher ever used to put soviet or russian

cosmonauts into orbit. those aren't enough distinctions for the developers of tomorrow's best rockets to progress is actively evolving new designs to meet new challenges in the aerospace industry and it's not just russian spacecraft fit to shoot skyward fun progress to build so use a recent breakthrough in international cooperation as being keeping them busy since the european space agency chose a new generation rocket noticed this i used to ask pete for a soon to be open new package itself american space complex in french. business you wouldn't. know who or two of our rockets are currently stationed the guy on a space center guru needs to know the infrastructure was created and developed are complex. missiles past the test security except that a book on the move up in a think we should disclose that is functional and will take a rocket in the mobile. service tower for a dry road when you're not it's just well i know it's the women we're counting down

to liftoff here there is no way it's always. for russian space engineers it's a new mission on a new con tropico french guyana is a far cry from the traditional russian launching ground on the context and they've been working with european partners for the better part of a decade to ensure the site is ready the launch pad will be unique insight use a storied history the first team for break a mobile service tower and the first to install the rockets payload in vertical instead of forests on top position. the launch melt will also be fixed instead of rotating so the rocket itself has been designed as the first in our seven family capable of roll maneuvers for proper post launch positioning with first liftoff slated for august or september of this year the caruso hughes center will give european satellite launch capacity a much needed boost and will be yet another in a long list of high points produced by brushes progress. the

technological level and capacity of this plant and several other high tech factories that work among other things with cryogenics equipment will allow us to develop a new launcher under the name. it will be used to russia's new patent the cosmodrome. both to russia many of the world's largest carried by conflict on the privilege of crossing russia over one hundred fifty billion dollars a year plans on hold while you're here to program it period. the soviet and russian space programs have blasted off from several sites spread across the country's vast territory but with the real heavy lifter now left outside russia's borders future hopes are being pinned on the plan cosmodrome russian for

east. west to she could be hosting launches by twenty six teams and it's appealing for more reasons than brant independence from russia's neighbors moving from the ground up lets the site be fully outfitted in twenty first century technology besides proximity to the pacific ocean is a plus both for transporting equipment to the base and for homeless descent of rocket boosters expended with each launch russian prime minister vladimir putin made his way to the future cars majola in the air more region of russia's far east for symbolic groundbreaking in august of two thousand and ten. will reaffirm russia's spaces as a leading space perhaps the launch pad will improve a country's access to space as will be capable of launching all types of ships into orbit this includes manned flights and long term expeditions to the mood and she's . been central to these plans may have been designed to progress and.

but it will lift off on the power of engines built by another key player in russia's aerospace industry moscow based in a go much reason to do a following of the experts analysis we've chosen the engine they still need go the one eighty we've developed for sale two american cordless phone goes already we've renamed it the v one eighty from the store cheney sneer we've made some adjustments to adapt it to the rockets that will fly from the store. the primary design elements will be lost changed the world of the technical adjustments aimed at improving the engines will be made to go. back in the late soviet period in order to mushroom the makers of the r d one seventy the most powerful liquid fuel rocket engine in history in the ninety's they started work on a new model they cut down to two combustion chambers instead of four and found a powerful partner in the us aerospace giant lockheed martin they'll join with

boeing in a joint venture called united launch alliance the americans use the already one eighty as their first stage engine on their work force atlas five rocket previous editions of the atlas launchers used three engines in place of the one powerful enough to go march model the already one eighty produces nearly a million pounds force of thrust with the thrust to weight ratio more than fifteen times that of the engines used to fly just supersonic concorde jet since the already won eighty first gave the hapless five a lift back in two thousand and two there's been two dozen successful launches for american military commercial and space equipment but not all the hardware on board the atlas five has been american in the summer of two thousand and nine an unprecedented move mapping mission was launched with the help of russian ingenuity in february two thousand and eleven the kremlin rolled out the red carpet to recognize the innovative work of young space research institute scientists maxine mckew and anton sun in whose lunar exploration new trying to take her. linda for

sure is playing a key role in nasser's lunar reconnaissance orbiter fact finding mission. they were the main eat fish there is the high spatial resolution in eve the previous missions measured hydrogen levels with a spatial resolution of one hundred fifty kilometers they had a spot on the moon one hundred fifty kilometers in diameter i would advise terrorists that down to ten kilometers cause you could send a man there to dig a shovel and it will probably find something there. was a particles something like that. such a discovery would be no small matter since interested in these resources has created a buzz beyond the science circles what role does the new trying to take your play. the way our device works is quite simple from the point of view of physics introduces neutrons emitted from the moon or the neutrons of forms or back to

meters under the moon ground juge a cosmic rays they lose their kinetic charge once they reach the surface and rubbing against surface matter. if the result of hydrogen and that mass in ukraine's will be slowed down more efficiently or new from your car device can dredge the vents if. we were selected following an open and fair competition assured in the part or what the laboratory of los alamos also took part in the kansas one but older voice that turned out to be better we've suggested narrowing down the visible area by using a passive color me me me based on boron tan and. in all the lunar reconnaissance orbiter or l r o consists of six instruments intended to produce the most detailed analysis of the lunar environment today this includes not just high resolution imaging of the moon's terrain but also. tests for

the potential biological impact of radiation from cosmic rays and ultraviolet mapping of the moon surface to detect possible deposits of water ice in cold traps and topographical studies that help survey for future landing sites and hazards the impact of data is already being felt. secure rose's luna program was recalibrated based on knowledge of voices indications i knew for sure that they changed the plan landing location and i'm confident that when the european space agency said discussing their programs it will teach only countries that intend to launch a mission to the moon like china and japan they will take our data into account. after a virtual decades long good spell the international space community is again turning its attention to our nearest neighbor with lunar exploration projects in the plans of space programs the world over but even before these are set to bear fruit we'll

be getting data back from even further afield as mankind reaches towards the red planet and its satellites almost grew into some much hype sample return mission to mars is mysterious moon. is a russian led project that will also transported chinese made mars orbiter when it lifts off this november a sign from the longstanding attraction to the planet scientists interest thanks to theories it's actually an asteroid captured by mars is gravity a living laboratory a primordial space matter. because that is the very early days of the solar system formations that. are the course. we are we. whites are will. be doing. he stated histories we could google says. updated since its first plane launch in two thousand and nine group is bigger and better in addition to the transport and

return vessels as well as soil sampling equipment the complex now carries the chinese martian orbiter as well as an additional expendable fuel tank to propel the extra weight. meticulous testing is underway at the mosque l. space research institute to assure the functionality of each focus group component . the orbital trajectory of mars and its moons reaches its closest point to earth just once every twenty six months catching focus if any other time is both more complicated and more costly after missing the first launch window due to delays scientists understand time is of the essence. so unfamiliar environment of the martian moon surface means every single piece of the more than twenty scientific instruments that make up the probe has high standards to meet and exceed. what the . program unlike lunar programs here the task was undoubtedly

complicated by the need to collect samples under tricky conditions gravity is virtually absent on phobos. well those aren't conditions easily recreated here on earth teams of the space research institute have gone to great lengths to prepare the high precision sampler that's at the heart of the focus mission a computerized full scale model of the robotic arm and sampling device was constructed for the purpose as these samples could hold the secret to his origin millimeter. skill precision is the key to simply device achieves that just five watts of energy and under two hundred grams of mass in addition to testing the hardware simply the model has been helpful in holding the specially designed software that will guide the real full screen soil samples are on the mission this direction not only to probe itself but the adjoining optical devices including cameras and microscopes even the tests ordered from colleagues in geochemistry could be the closest

possible simulation of the mars move. there's every reason to be confident that this will execute the missions main objective. when focus crew to arrives in orbit around mars after roughly ten months journey the chinese orbiter will split off after orbiting the red planet around a year the spacecraft will make its landing on the surface of full because there will take it samples and send them back to earth for arrival in mid two thousand and fourteen is unprecedented research a testament to the long term long range capability of state space programs. no matter how much i work on my designs there's little chance of them leaving my room let alone leaving the earth's atmosphere but increasingly independent initiative and private funds are becoming legitimate clare's in this space industry if. each cylinder a model rover made by a private russian company the moscow snow might not be an analog for the moons

terrain but the models makers have lunar ambitions and perhaps just the right incentive. since it is just in september two thousand and seven the us company google and the x. prize foundation and owns the most ambitious contests in history they wanted to send the first of a private lunar robot to the moon to google in x. prize we started coming together as a team around the same time and when we found out about the company we saw it forming an initiative group that was served as the core of the team. then we made it official it will seem as the competition's sole representative from russia. has come up. with the lunar x. prize in france will not be alone in russian history is this soviet era going to hold a moon rover program offers a formidable foundation usually going to the moon surface is in sight. yet a unit one forward team still in the cold has an important ally this traumatization

from the seventy's features real life luna hold the pilot gets to slough the old can we have movements beautiful and forward good shango more just ten pitch angle more you just feel the trail decreasing beautiful that has made contact with the moon. three evaluating surroundings. like maybe meters to the right a rocky mountain over fifty centimeters high. solution. two metres back so you can turn sixty degrees to the right one of the three the rover is moving. today don't get his team would still in a hold to bring sylvia their expertise to bear on a twenty first century project. from a technological standpoint everything is new these days. back then we operated remotely with no computers now it's all computerized but it's the first so he could

move over was essentially a light old immobile weighing seven hundred fifty six kilogram. this rover weighs five to six kilograms. and then look at the size of. a car over is forty centimeters long the soviet one was four meters. so it was much larger significantly design of the original juno holds was the subject of serious scientific debate and extensive testing on the program first emerged in the one nine hundred sixty s. an elaborate top secret artificial moon surface was constructed for the purpose in soviet crimea chassis size and shape vary greatly as did the distribution of on board equipment perhaps the most important aspect in question was how exactly the rovers would move walking crawling copying track and we'll designs all have their pluses and minuses defenders and detractors cylinder code partners designers are

hoping to answer many of the same construction questions at the center of their lunar x. prize campaign as industrial designers their job is to find the overlap between form and function like their soviet predecessors four decades ago they've narrowed the field to the true most attractive mobility options wield like their first prototype and a second walking model. for now this stepping still in a hole it exists only on computers but its advantages are becoming clear the vehicle has to be ultra light to keep the transport costs reasonable and a wheeled vehicle with just small mass faces trouble with traction as a result solenn a cold is leaning towards a walking rover along these lines. trying to make it look good. to make design functional. for instance we're working with expanded shapes which can save us up to fifty percent of the mass by redistributing pressure inside. just

a plastic toy. it is actually quite a complicated machine which has to stream conditions. and if we manage to make it look good. we will be happy. never of the expense of the engineering. team still in a cold marches onward with funds to raise and a second prototype to fabricate a company with a total of twenty nine teams from seventeen countries in the race to put their rover on the moon surface and unique is google's twenty five million dollars purse may be the lunar x. prize is just one example of the expanding arena of private space entrepreneurship . and eileen country of eighty thousand people in the middle of the irish sea may

not seem a likely player in the space exploration game usually dominated by world superpowers but if you believe the hype the next giant leap for mankind might be coming from the isle of man it's a place best known for its beautiful landscapes tasty cheeses clean scallops and business friendly tax code then generally means a focus on offshore banking but the arrival of two soviet made space stations owned by the company excalibur almaz in early two thousand and eleven showcase the island's expanding emphasis on space commerce the isle of man is never really. in the business of launching rockets. satellites. high high end high technology. space manufacturing to the isle of man but essentially we're looking to help facilitate the private sector and to into the space industry through having involvement in the isle of man and we joined russian

cosmonaut in excalibur almaz project consultant violet talkative on a visit to the island home of the former soviet station as they retooled all my space craft for a return awarded their banking on the tried and tested expertise already invested in their design and construction to stay a step ahead of space tourism competitors. but you're more. or less. because of history's first multiple years spacecraft of its class. the so-called us. so this is a casual look not just for use on a single flight mission but for ensuring up to thirty launches. back in the mid one nine hundred sixty s. the soviet military launched almost program to provide to me and surveillance station in low earth orbit alongside she k.s. priestcraft consisting of a service module and the reusable b. entry vehicle were to be launched on the heavy lifting proton rocket this station's

flew under the name cell used two three and five in the seventies and were outfitted with advanced observation communication equipment even modified artillery to protect against enemy satellites while the original project was divided in later discontinued both the station's going to return capsules yuval flight testing. the inside space is about fifteen meters long it was enough to house three or four people. of course we are retaining the power circuits under the life support infrastructure. structured so that every person has a private working space and. this model of space planning is the most suitable for our goals as it will those scientists were. space tourists to work in a comfortable environment and everyone will have their own working lace under windows. that adds to the conference a was bigger than the car for the capsule will

be the first part of the complex to fly with excalibur almaz taking up to three passengers in orbit they'll be sent on a trajectory check dock with the home a station the crew can then pass through the adapter into their temporary cosmic quarters we should see more spacious to waitlist visitors floating between floor and ceiling were almost. as cooperates with the u.s. and european space going i don't know if. we're hoping to launch an unmanned like my twenty thirty students and have a full scale man's flight with a service module with twenty four hours of them or that i'm. combining the experience of seasoned russian space men and savvy american businessmen excalibur almaz is getting them to work on making the dream a reality after raising money and international interest on the isle of man and they expect russia to be the logical launch partner my dear calculations six capsule launches a year would be the magic number for making or little maiden's have been almost

station it's economically viable best sooner than you might think with would be tourists already in line so more than a half century and a era of manned spaceflight are still finding new ways to open up the vast expanse of our solar system now more than ever there's a chance to the next lift off to taking you into orbit and when you're launched think finally cops enjoy the ride. culture is that so much different if you choose it as a find it more or less decision time game looms for the conflict in libya what are the ultimate aims of the u.s. and its allies what is best for people in the. daytime or been here broadcasting live from washington d.c. coming up today on the big picture.

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