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news today violence is once again flared up. these are the images the world has been seeing from the streets of canada. china for asians or the day.

hello and welcome to technology update april twelfth two thousand and eleven marks the fiftieth anniversary of an incredible achievement and put soviet science and innovation not just on top of the world but beyond this world altogether. it was that day in one nine hundred sixty one that saw the unprecedented launch of man into orbit the soviet cause not your god and making history aboard of us talk spacecraft going in became a hero and the whole world caught space fever but behind the scenes the technology that made manned flight possible had been a top priority for over a decade with both peaceful and military objectives siggy could go along with talented specialists like but he said talk masterminded the soviet rocket program that emerged after the second world war as with their rivals in the u.s. missile hits first developed rockets based on the german v.

two that it cation was known as the r one first tested in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight soviet engineers worked simultaneously on original designs that would create new rockets in quick succession within a decade to first of the now famous r seven family would be ready to launch sputnik . yeah. for me the whole seven year old could have been there with all its details especially the control system and its modifications and it was like a love i know you have a motorcycle i would say they need love and we will do all in love with the rocket and i would have progressed incredibly quickly. the first rockets were designed to manufactured within two years. thanks to the efforts of his builders that was the design turned out to be so good even today only wrote this based on the original construction of this moon shot. or used for russia's manned floyd.

when we were. on the same lines that started turning out. early modern sevens back in the late one nine hundred fifty s. today's most reliable site used launchers are produced with unparalleled presidio construction bureau progress in the russian city of somalia continues to rely on the design pioneered by kind of token their colleagues tapped in the rockets to fit in changing needs of the russian space program as well as those of international clients. like. the rock and seems to be younger every year as we update its components. we've changed the control system a little metric system. and a great india engine so from year to year the rockets overall functionality is increasing. in more than a half century of history our seven has said many faces and many firsts it was the

first i.c.b.m. the first satellite carrier the first to put humans in space and in modifications today is still the only launcher ever used to put soviet or russian cosmonauts into orbit. those are the no distinctions for the developers of tomorrow's best rockets progress is actively evolving new designs to meet new challenges in the aerospace industry and it's not just russian spacecraft sit to shoot skyward fun progress build site a recent breakthrough in international cooperation as being keeping them busy since the european space agency chose a new generation rocket noticed this i used to ask keith for his soon to be opened new package at south american space complex in french. position you would know michael's mother and if. two of our rockets are currently stationed to go into space center through your needs though the infrastructure was created and developed

are complex. missiles past the test security that are both on the move up in and think we should this launch pad is functional and they will take a rocket in the mobile. service to our for a draw when you're not it's just well i know it's the women we're counting down to liftoff yet there is no way it's always. for russian space engineers it's a new mission on a new con tropico french guyana is a far cry from the traditional russian launching ground on the context and they've been working with european partners for the better part of a decade to ensure the site is ready the launch pad will be unique insight use a storied history the first team for break a mobile service tower and the first to install the rockets payload in vertical instead of forests on top position. the launch melt will also be fixed instead of rotating so the rocket itself has been designed as the first in our seven family capable of roll maneuvers for proper post launch positioning with first liftoff

slated for august or september of this year the caruso use center will give european satellite launch capacity a much needed boost and will be yet another in a long list of high points produced by brushes progress. the technological level and capacity of this plant and several other high tech factories that work among other things with cryogenics equipment will allow us to develop a new launcher under the name. it will be used to russia's new launch pad the cosmodrome. both russia and many of the world markets have cared because the privilege of crossing russia over one hundred fifty billion dollars here what is going to hold the oil. program right here is. the soviet and russian space programs have

blasted off from several sites spread across the country's vast territory but with the real heavy lift are now left outside russia's borders future hopes are being pinned on the plan cosmodrome russian for east. west to she could be hosting launches by twenty six tuesday and it's appealing for more reasons than brain independence from russia's neighbors moving from the ground up lets the site be fully outfitted in twenty first century technology the sites proximity to the pacific ocean is a plus both for transporting equipment to the base and for harmless descent of rocket boosters expended with each launch russian prime minister vladimir putin made his way to the future in the air more region of russia's far east for symbolic groundbreaking in august of two thousand and ten. russia's stages as a leading space. prove a country's access to space as will be capable of launching all types of ships into

a bit this includes manned flights and long term expeditions to the mood and this is the chief of. the rue sim rocketed central to these plans may have been designed to progress and. but it will lift off on the power of engines built by another key player in russia's aerospace industry moscow based in a go much. following in the experts analysis we've chosen the engine they still need go d one eighty we've developed for sale two american car those will knows already we've renamed it the v one eighty for stuart's mission we've made some adjustments to adapt it to the rockets that will fly from the stores this will be the primary design elements will be largely don't change the world of the technical adjustments aimed at improving the engine it will be made. back in the late soviet period in order to mushroom the makers of the r d one

seventy the most powerful liquid fuel rocket engine in history in the ninety's they started work on a new model they cut down to two combustion chambers instead of four and found a powerful partner in the us aerospace giant lockheed martin they'll join with boeing in a joint venture called united launch alliance the americans use the already one eight as their first stage engine on their workhorse allis five rocket previous editions of the atlas launchers used three engines in place of the one powerful in your go mush model the already won eighty produces nearly a million pounds force of thrust with the thrust to weight ratio more than fifteen times that of the engines used to fly just supersonic concorde jet since the already won eighty first gave the hapless five a lift back in two thousand and two there have been two dozen successful launches for american military commercial and space equipment but not all the hardware on board the atlas five has been american in the summer of two thousand and nine and unprecedented move mapping mission was launched with the help of russian ingenuity

in february two thousand and eleven the kremlin rolled out the red carpet to recognize the innovative work of young space research institute scientists maxine mckew rows of and and so on sun in whose lunar exploration new trying to take her. linda for sure is playing a key role in nasser's lunar reconnaissance orbiter fact finding mission. who are the main eat fish or is the high spatial resolution seamy all the previous missions measured hydrogen levels with a spatial resolution of one hundred fifty kilometers or so they had a spot on the moon one hundred fifty kilometers in diameter i would advise terrorists that down to ten kilometers you can send a man there to dig with a shovel and it will probably find something there. was a particles something like that. such a discovery would be no small matter since interested in these resources has created a buzz beyond a science circles so what role does the new trying to take to play.

the way our device works is quite simple from the point of view of physics introduces neutrons emitted from the moon or the new trends of forms of bats and meters under the moon ground due to cosmic rays they lose their kinetic charge once they reach the surface and rubbing against surface matter. is the result of hydrogen and that mass. will be slowed down more efficiently removing a card device can dredge the vets. we were selected following an open and fair competition should. the laboratory of los alarm us also took part in the kansas one but our voice turns out to be better we've suggested narrowing down the visible areas are using a passive color me sent me a basin boron ten. in all the

lunar reconnaissance orbiter or l r o consists of six instruments intended to produce the most detailed analysis of the lunar environment to date this includes not just high resolution imaging of the moon's terrain but also. tests to defend tensional biological impact of radiation from cosmic rays and violent mapping of the moon's surface to detect possible deposits of water ice in cold traps and topographical studies that help survey for future landing sites and hazards the impact of data is already being felt. the program was recalibrated based on knowledge of ice is indications i knew for sure that they changed the plan landing location i'm confident that the european space agency are discussing their programs countries that intend to launch a mission to the moon like china and japan so they will take our data into account . after

a virtual decades long dead spill the international space community is again turning its attention to our nearest neighbor with lunar exploration projects in the plans of space programs the world over but even before these are set to bear fruit we'll be getting data back from even further afield as main kind reaches towards the red planet and its satellites. grew into so much hype sample return mission to mars is mysterious. it's a russian led project that will also transported chinese made mars orbiter when it lifts off this november a sign from the longstanding attraction to the planet scientists interest thanks to theories it's actually an asteroid captured by mars is gravity a living laboratory of primordial space matter. because that is the very early days of the solar system for the masons that. horse.

wipes are. forced to do it over he stated because there was we could do is. updated since its first planned launch in two thousand and nine. is bigger and better in addition to the transport and return vessels as well as soil sampling equipment the complex now carries the chinese martian orbiter as well as an additional expendable fuel tank to propel the extra weight. meticulous testing is underway at the mosque l. space research institute to assure the functionality of each focus group component . the orbital trajectory of mars and its moons reaches its closest point to earth just once every twenty six months catching focus if any other time is both more complicated and more costly after missing the first launch window due to delays scientists understand time is of the essence. so unfamiliar environment of the

martian moon surface means every single piece of the more than twenty scientific instruments that make up the probe has high standards to meet and exceed. what the . program unlike lunar programs here the task was undoubtedly complicated by the need to collect samples under tricky conditions gravity is virtually absent on phobos. well those aren't conditions easily recreated here on earth teams at the space research institute have gone to great lengths to prepare the high precision sampler that's at the heart of the focus mission a computerized full scale model of the robotic arm and sampling device was constructed for that purpose as these samples could hold this secret to his origin millimeter. skill precision is the key the same thing device achieves that just five watts of energy and under two hundred grams of mass education to testing the hardware simply the model has been helpful in honing the specially designed software that will

guide the real focus groups soil samples are on the mission this direction not only to probe itself but the adjoining optical devices including cameras and microscopes even the tests ordered from colleagues in geochemistry to be the closest possible simulation of the mars moon. there's every reason to be confident that apparatus will execute the missions main objective. when focus crew to rise in orbit around mars after a rough week ten month journey the chinese were better will split off after orbiting the red planet around a year the spacecraft will make its landing on the surface of full there will take it samples and send them back to earth for arrival in the twenty four team is an unprecedented research a testament to the long term long range capability of state space programs. no matter how much i work on my designs there's little chance of them leaving my room let alone leaving the earth's atmosphere but increasingly independent initiative

and private funds are becoming legitimate players in this space industry if. it's still in a hole a model made by a private russian company the moscow snow might not be an analog for the moon's terrain but the models makers have lunar ambitions and perhaps just the right incentive. to do that this just in september two thousand and seven the company google and the x. prize foundation and owns the most ambitious contest in history they wanted to send the first of a private lunar robot to the moon to google in x. prize still to coming together as a team their own the same time and when we found out about the company we saw that forming an initiative group that was served as the core of the team. then we made it official with the competition's sole representative from russia. to come up. with the lunar x. prize entrants will not be alone in russian history is this soviet era luna cold

moon rover program offers a firm inable foundation usually but is a moon surface is in sight. yet a unit one forward team still in the cold has an important ally this traumatization from the seventy's features real life in the hold pilot gets to slough the old can we have movements beautiful and forward good shango more just ten pitch angle more use fifty two trail decreasing the folder has made contact with the moon. tree evaluating surroundings. made meters to the right a rocky mountain over fifty centimeters high in the. solution. at two metres back so you can turn sixty degrees to the right three the rover is moving. today don't get his team would still in accord to bring superior expertise

to bear on a twenty first century project. from a technological standpoint everything is new these days. but we operate a remotely with no computers no it's all computerized the first soviet move over was essentially a light old immobile weighing seven hundred fifty six kilogram. this rover and weighs five to six kilograms and then look at the size of. the. power over is forty centimeters long the soviet one was four meters. so it was much larger significantly design of the original dyno holds was the subject of serious scientific debate and extensive testing when the program first emerged in the one nine hundred sixty s. an elaborate top secret artificial moon surface was constructed for the purpose in soviet crimea chassis size and shape vary greatly as did the distribution of on

board equipment perhaps the most important aspect in question was how exactly the rovers would move walking crawling copying tracking wheel designs all had their pluses and minuses defenders and detractors salerno called partners designed are hoping the answer many of the same construction questions at the center of their lunar x. prize campaign as industrial designers their job is to find the overlap between form and function like their soviet predecessors four decades ago they've narrowed the field to the true most attractive mobility options wield like their first prototype and a second walking model. for now the stepping still in a hole exists only on computers but its advantages are becoming clear the vehicle has to be ultra light to keep the transport costs reasonable and a wheeled vehicle with a small mass faces trouble with traction as a result salinity code is leaning towards a walking rover along these lines. showing

you need to make it look good. to make our design functional. for instance we're working with expanded shapes which can save us up to fifty percent of mass by redistributing pressure inside. it's not just a plastic toy. it is actually quite a complicated machine which has to work in extreme conditions. and if we manage to make it look good. bring invasive all seem so it's we will be happy never of the expense of the engineering. team still in accord marches onward funds to raise in a second prototype to fabricate they've got a company with a total of twenty nine teams from seventeen countries in the race to put their

rover on the moon surface and unique is google's twenty five million dollars purse may be the lunar x. prize is just one example of the expanding arena of private space entrepreneurship . and eileen country of eighty thousand people in the middle of the irish sea may not seem a likely player in the space exploration game usually dominated by world superpowers but if you believe the hype the next giant leap for mankind might be coming from the isle of man it's a place best known for its beautiful landscapes tasty cheeses clean scallops and business friendly tax code bent generally means a focus on offshore banking with the arrival of two soviet made space stations owned by the company excalibur almaz in early two thousand and eleven showcase the island's expanding emphasis on space commerce the isle of man is never really to be in the business of launching rockets. or building satellites. courages

high high end high technology. space manufacturing to the man. who helped facilitate the private sector and to into the space industry through having a man we joined russian cosmonaut in excalibur almaz project consultant. on a visit to the island home of the former soviet station as they retooled almost spacecraft for a return to orbit they're banking on the tried and tested expertise already invested in their design and construction to stay a step ahead of space tourism competitors. but you're more. or less. because of history's first multiple years spacecraft of its class. the so-called us. so this is a capsule not just for use on a single flight mission but for ensuring up to thirty launches. back in the

mid one nine hundred sixty s. this obvious military launched almost program to provide a million surveillance station in low earth orbit alongside it g k s priestcraft consisting of a service module and a reusable reentry vehicle were to be launched on the heavy lifting proton rocket this station's flew under the name cell used two three and five in the seventies and were outfitted with advanced observation communication equipment even modified artillery to protect against enemy satellites the original project was divided in later discontinued both to stations in the return capsules. quite testing. the inside space is about fifteen meters long it was enough to house three or four people. of course we are retaining the power of the life support infrastructure. structured so that every person has a private working space and. this model of space planning is the most suitable for

our goals said willis scientists or so. space tourists to work in a comfortable environment where everyone will have their own working place under windows. to the conference so was good when they come for the capsule will be diverse part of the complex to fly with excalibur almaz taking up to three passengers into orbit they'll be sent on a trajectory to dock with the home a station the crew can then pass through the adapter into their temporary cosmic quarters we should see more spacious to wait list visitors floating between floor and ceiling. excalibur almaz cooperates with the u.s. and european space going to. we're hoping to launch an unmanned likely twenty thirteen. and have a full scale manned flight with a service module by twenty four. combining the experience of seasoned russian space men and savvy american businessmen excalibur almaz is

getting down to work on making the dream a reality after raising money and international interest on the isle of man they expect russia to be the logical launch partner my dear calculations six capsule launches a year would be the magic number for making orbital maintenance of the almost station it's economically viable that sooner than you might think with would be tourists already in line so more than a half century ago the era of manned spaceflight still finding new ways to open up the vast expanse of our solar system now more than ever there's a chance to the next liftoff to taking you into orbit and when you're launched think finally cops enjoy the ride. rushers that so much of the military because it is a. market solution for any game looms for the conflict in libya what are the

ultimate aims of the u.s. and its allies what is best for people on the ground. a telemarketer broadcasting live from washington d.c. coming up today on the big picture. the official party how to change your body phone called touch from the i.q. some still. life on the go. video on demand our cheese minefield comes an r.s.s. feeds now in the palm of your. question on the

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