mr and please do and i'll see you right back here and a half hour. think . it's.

december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. was an apartment in a city of go to keep the phone line is urgently installed at a set time the phone rings the voice of the other and speaks this is going to jobs please return and continue your patriotic activity. the person these words were

dressed to has been nearly the past seven years in political exile. he was the man who created the first hydrogen bomb and received a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b. and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was under a sucker of and his life was full of paradoxes. now known as the city of nice north going on to go to key was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it housed a number of secret defense facilities. urge you to come to your senses mr subtle as a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what goals the communist party and our people are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five

thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory beg you to please come to your senses otherwise you shall lose every more likes to carry the honorable title of a soviet citizen. allele to town and serve as a retired transit police officer in the mid 1980's easy meat was all a detail some sort of especially when he was at the station saying. his wife elin and gone off to moscow go all the children to every officer had a specific task to carry out at all costs ever all task was to follow circle of and to ensure that no documents or anything else has passed on to him especially at the railway station and we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers written. during some of those exile to go to keep every facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence hundreds of letters of support as arrived from abroad waiting to sit sit by the

k.g.b. although the senators were always supplied with a notification that their mail had been delivered. via dr satcher and it has been so long since they have had any use of well we're very concerned about your health and the health of a wife eleven or will most anxious to hear you preview and would greatly appreciate a response to this letter many people here in united states and in canada supports you and the principles for which is stand by because of the k.g.b. made a list of persons to restrict so her of from communicating at certain people the k.g.b. were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the solders of the distant movements in the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures there were. some sort of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him local k.g.b.

staff took pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present them to western media as proof that human rights activists sacral was alive and well. sahar of could feel it was being closely monitored and he understood he would have to live with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a k.g.b. department who watched sacrifice every stick additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter that new to the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of several side then see he was the so-called secret i can demick these are some rational thoughts of the cycles taking a train ride to town not smarts on any of the world's maps the nuclear research center artisanal sixteen this is where several worked on his hydrogen bomb in the

late nineteenth forties. i worked very hard as a consultant on toss to be extreme importance to mankind. balance of nuclear own especially in the two correct palace because that is exactly what's guarantees that these arms will ever eaten. this is the footage from the detonation of the hydrogen bomb developed by hyundai some sort of the u.s. assault had managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction several became an epidemic early thirty's it's one of the bomb tests resulted in two tests a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village a left a strong impression sucker off despite the cost of outcome of the new jointer bomb . blast if i could also put it with a through

a small closing in the tests on a summary of the main hero here with he was allowed to open the evening he also proposed the first two shots everyone you're her she says i'd like to treat all bombs exploding into science but never overtones and cities when you go down you've got a war that's going to. at that time several became acquainted with the dissident historian roy. he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin then you will even for so i thought of himself he came as a discovery will find out about the gulags about that system of terror that was the foundation of our further cooperation he started writing about politics and self and i bought him underground dissident publications and some of the. intellectual freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pressure by officialdom and prejudices such

a trinity of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being contaminated by masked myths which in the hands of treacherous have acquired some demagogues can be transformed into a bloody dictatorship. in the west the usa was an instant success selling millions of copies to your forty's response was swift to sattar of was banned from working in harness among sixteen and moved to moscow. the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. before they were just taking those years they often resorted to exhausting the dissidents abroad birdsong or of was too prominent a figure. they also knew some state secrets but for no one even considered him going abroad as an option. you recall was

a well known soviet dissident he first heard circles name in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet union the dissidents found ways around the static. it was possible to get rid of the radio jamming with. navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country and help us find out under a sucker of stuart's essays and his activities that are a huge. distance used to typewrite sacro they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents sworn opponent look out for them they spat the against the grassroots movement raged for many years we thought it was the middle of the women flyers and wade posted them here it was in residential areas and back streets and courtyards

our fires is that the truth and the soccer of himself was sane and exposed the lives we get for the soviet press started to publish about him. it was perfectly good it will. gradually human rights and fantasy became satirise main occupation to a large extent they say helped him overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife that succumbed to cancer. a few years later sacro from a kill in a bomb or at a distant call trial. lawyer is an outstanding woman with a strong character and she had a serious influence over andrei saw her of as you know he was very open and you can feel it is wife's actions did influence his behavior. in the nineteen eighties prominent soviet artists and gay culture of volunteered to paint sacral support trait however the work remained unfinished he found the relationship in the

center of family so intriguing that he wanted to include you in a boner because of her great influence over her husband. doesn't he told the doctor sokoloff account of seven slaps only gave him changes every time she didn't like. something and then i started to draw her she was shocked even to draw me to and i said of course i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over you know if i showed her my sketch and she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from a. bottle. as took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the notorious soviet book cia versus u.s.s.r. who took the liberty of making an offensive reference to born a jew response from dr satcher of and in public. that in the summer of surgical vs should apologize to my wife in public after his last three refused

summer of came up to him and slapped him in the face although not too hard a man left and the officer of gleefully sent a telegram to his relief i slept with him. december one thousand nine hundred seventy nine afghanistan. after a special operation to remove the leader of his alarm soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would like to call this the international duty several didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action calling its integration and would not be forgiven for his remarks. that really drove up to the cause them to preach on her way so what the traffic police cars suddenly got sorry way the driver which is a prize to the townsend walks to the police and all the capitol records of the re and from soap and expand it to make

a point and. they showed the bridge i do trust and said that they were from eighty one minister in fact they were from the child she gave her. and the driver it say it they came to follow the car there was also from a cage a big change for the prosecutor's office where prosecutor become the power said to make it a project. it's the constant authorities have decided that you should be exhausted a sister told us. the outskirts of gorky in the newly built area should have been can't hear andrei sakharov and yelena bonner spent seven years of their lives together and during all that time their every step was monitored by the k.g.b. how many employees are watching several how many cassettes of hidden surveillance was shot and what reports were made it's all still a secret to this day. culture

is that so much of the taxpayers' money i mean i sit in the real mastery of the story of many middle classes in the developed world the middle classes seen its condition and fortunes under stress for decades at the. moscow a limited physical institute of the academy of sciences the employees of the institute were the only people allowed to visit sacro and the city of gorky. his colleagues kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them. when andre sucker of was in exile we did our best to

preserve his office your rule nobody's of his place at the table signed bearing his name was still hung on the door that was attached to me in a side of the door and we separated by the wall guarded the sign. no official soviet establishment supposed to enforce law has taken responsibility for the fact of my deportation it is only up to a court to establish either someone's innocence or to determine the measure of punishment and a term of imprisonment my case is glaring unlawfulness. meanwhile in gold key all a sacrifice and bonus the tensional contacts were under k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave should sack of suddenly show up i will prepare you a state security officer approached me shoot your id card and instructed me as to

how i was to sort of sucker of you was warranted if he happens to ask permission to make a phone call i was to tell him the didn't. in one thousand nine hundred eighty resilient and the race of was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in response and ray and his friend decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of was. it went to the fortune the first thing we saw was a man selling a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea where injuries to her have lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevators from there was on the right we approached the dorner christabel without hesitation. in the door seconds later we learned it was still in the ball and you're going the gave us a look of surprise and we also didn't raise our of live there she told us to come

in and we did. it with us we. while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to this day the living room with the radio sets sattar of used to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with a remarkable table which the academic managed to repair without nails the more he heard from sachar of amaze the boy much more. well told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware that thoughts of organized were being killed when we were leaving we all still for a civilian preserve gave me and my friend to fail well postcard each here's my postcard i've kept it for thirty years now and they're written in briefly to andrey from and dream it all does that k.g.b.

can take it away from us because. an old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where andrei sakharov and yelena bonner could play friendly calls the family of maria hein of sky elin his relatives lived in the building the high notes the family had a similar story they were also an ex article to keep by the soviet authorities forty years before those events. since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers of the around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics ceased to believe they would ever be an end to his constant harassment is not a good and they even found a place in new york you where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension was extreme.

cheering his gorky exile sucker of went on hunger strike three times for the first joined by c.n.n. and on the. local doctors received an order it's a hospital i said. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today settles ward is still a local place of interest but the doctors don't like to comment on those events. they force feed him in both quite rough methods as andreessen proof later recalled they fastened his arms and legs to the band plays a clip on his nose and poorly nutritious mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred eighty three sacro managed to leak to the west a new world three published there in response the soviet leadership started a fresh bounty of open persecution one of the central u.s.s.r.

newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose sachar off of instigating. against the soviet union mr sattar of if once you have the right to be called a comrade of the working class can no longer call you so the soviet workmen deplore your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your outspoken treachery. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure that i didn't paragraphs the analysis of their contents reveals that it was staged they picked people of various ends of the soviet union and told them write sucker write this and don't mention this and that. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west the square in

front of a soviet embassy in washington saw so many demonstrations he was named sacral plaza have incurred washington. new york and decided before the. court steps the russian. remained quiet street next to russian. united nations mission very mission isn't very middle part of war but was renamed soccer of warner corner. as well in communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as his general secretary. in nineteen eighty five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after supper of receive that famous call from gorbachev he told him his seven year exile was over. when the abnormality of the situation became clear everyone

went on to discuss it i said so what let's face the issue. i think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at the time glasnost was already underway in a country where it would go. a week off to gorbachev's phone calls sattar of return to moscow and was met by dozens of journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for him he abstained from giving any political statements the first place he visited was in. a limited physical institute he went there to attend a scientific seminar but unlike seven years before it was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way lead the growth of this regime and we're just in the seminar as usual review on tuesday it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now in a seminar started and then came suffer of intended to enter the whole noiselessly

in order not to interrupt a seminar not to draw everyone's attention to himself something incredible happened they started him and burst into applause was that a word you're. soon set or of was elected to the supreme council as a delegate from the academy of sciences was in june one thousand nine hundred nine sacral found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the situation concerning the soviet troops in afghanistan it you know that on the war in afghanistan was a crime. of an great front in itself. you know it's not clear who should be held responsible for this great drawing by the country. his statements were judged offensive by the offices who had foreseen that war themselves one of such rosaline opponents as may just said a gay child of an

a peacekeeper a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war here that we're going to we're very shocked by the provocative behavior of this famous scientist you know thank. today surrogate lives in kiev and his head of the ukrainian war veterans group he still believes that sucker of was to go above and trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. where we're from which was generally speaking apart from being a great physicist group the sucker of was a very sincere and naive person who he was easily deceived and believed everything he heard with. county and state lives in a harsh manner i think he was simply to see the people who surrounded in those chosen political course of the young so gay expressed a populous standpoint among soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan

those who supported secularist point of view were an absolute minority of the session but the debates so broadcast live across the country allowing the public to decide as a result sacral started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however the letters had a much different tone to those that previously filled his mailbox during his gawky exile. dear dr suffer of please accept my deepest apologies for the so-called public humiliation i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress and people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need you. on december fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sattar of gave an interview to kazakh television the questions concerned the future of the semi-colon since guest sides in kazakstan it

was a place when you clear weapons had been designated for decades sachar of demanded that the site be closed because the people who lived in this vicinity hoping to high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah right that mankind will terminate a critical period of history when we competed in inventing weapons of mass destruction it is a kind of examination and condescend to say that a test of the ability to survive a thoughtless wish. it was his last interview a few hours later sucker of heart failed his friends the metro team the previous day would deeply shocked. they had no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sachar of. any final

year sachar of was drafting a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those in and read sachar of early articles and his political supporters had lost their chance of meeting him in person. while the high standards of goods and devotion to the cause of the people who sacrificed sat still needs to be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is played liberation of russia from doctrine. would be justly appreciated it isherwood of the freedom of the.

john berman here broadcasting live from washington d.c. coming up today on the big picture. will. new the latest in science and technology from around the world.

we've got the huge earth covered. me eat eat eat eat. eat eat eat. sleep. ily.