welcome back well here's a look at our top stories on our t.v. thousand strong government protests have been in spain for a week now the country's highest unemployment rate if the e.u. raises fears it could be next in line for a bailout after greece ireland and portugal. in georgia angry protesters take to the streets demanding president saakashvili steps down claiming they've been robbed of their freedom but their calls are met with tear gas and rubber bullets. and the question of whether dmitry medvedev will be running for the presidency in two

thousand and twelve remains unanswered the russian leader sidestepped the issue it is to our lot here when a son with journalists. all this week out of russia mark ninety years since the birth of the man renowned for both inventing the first hydrogen bomb and protecting human rights in the u.s.s.r. we followed the life of andre saw all the next. december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. it was an apartment in the city of corky a phone line is urgently installed at a set time the phone rings the voice of the other and speaks this is gold which of please return and continue your patriotic activity. the person these words were

dressed to has spent nearly the past seven years in political exile. it was the man who created the first hydrogen bomb and received a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b. and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was under a satire of his life was full of curried oxes. now known as the city of nice north good old the key was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it housed a number of secret defense facilities. urge you to come to your senses mr subtle as a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what goals the communist party and our people are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory thank you to please come to your

senses otherwise you shall lose every moral rights to carry the honorable title of a soviet citizen. a lady to town and serve is a retired transit police officer in the mid 1980's his unit was ordered to tail some of especially when he was at the station saying. his wife elin and bonnet are off to moscow the very cordial group every officer had a specific task to carry out at all costs the overall task was to follow circle of and to ensure that no documents or anything else has passed on to him especially the railway station and we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers written in the. during so what was exiled to go to every facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence hundreds of letters of support for the right from abroad were intercepted by the

k.g.b. although the settlers were always supplied with a notification that their mail had been delivered. the adopter sign it has been soon since they had had any use of the well we're very concerned about his health and the health of the wife illana owner when most anxious to hear from you and would greatly appreciate a response to this letter many people here in united states and in canada support and the principles for which you stand the middle of the k.g.b. major list of persons to restrict so horror of from communicating it certain people can judge me were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the status of the distant movement in the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures the war with the. center of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him local k.g. east off to pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present them to

western media as for the human rights activists sacral was alive and well. several could feel he was being closely monitored and he understood he would have to live with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a k.g.b. department who watch sacrifice every stick additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter the new to the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of succor also identity he was the so-called secret i can demick these are some rash shots of the psychos taking a train ride to the town not smarts on any of the world's maps a nuclear research center out is a must sixty this is where several of worked on his hydrogen bomb in the late one nine hundred forty s.

. i worked very hard as i can so these are tossed to the effects freeman importance to mankind they are a balance of nuclear on a spectrum the two great powers because that is exactly which guarantees that these arms will you have a belief system. this is the footage from the definition of the hydrogen bomb developed by under a subset of the us is saddam had managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction assassin of became an academic in his early thirty's it's one of the bomb tests resulted in two deaths a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village a left a strong impression on some girls despite the positive outcome of the new jointer gone. back and i've also heard of a horrible day through

a small door to in the test side to own a saucer of the main hero here with and he was allowed to open the evening or so he also proposed the first toast which shocked everyone says i like to drink all bombs exploding into sites at level overtones in the city's image when you go the news of the world isn't going to. at that time several became acquainted with the dissident historian roy. he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin and then you will be given for cycle of himself again as a discovery will find out about the gulags about that system of terror that was the foundation of our further cooperation you started writing about politics himself and i brought him underground dissident publication of. intellectual freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pressure by officialdom and prejudices such a trinity of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being

contaminated by mass myths which in the hands of treacherous hypocrites and demagogues can be transformed into bloody dictatorship. in the west the essay was an instance success selling millions of copies to authorities response was swift satire of was banned from working in how does a man sixteen and moved to moscow they have the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. what they were back in those years they often resorted to exulting the dissidents are brought here birdsong or of was too prominent a figure. also knew some state secrets though for no one even considered him going abroad as an option. you call for is

a well known soviet dissident he first heard circles name in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet union the dissidents found ways around the static. it was possible to get rid of the radio jamming with. his navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country and help us find out under a sucker of stuart's his essays and his activities with every inch of the. soviet dissidents used to typewrite sucker's essays they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents were in a permanent lookout for them this battle against the grassroots movement raged for many years and if you go to middle of women flyers and wade posted them here it was in residential areas and back streets of and courtyards are for as he said the

truth and the secor of himself are saying and exposed the lives that the soviet press started to publish about him. it was perfectly good it will. gradually human rights and fantasy became sacral snaking occupation to a large extent this helped him overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife succumbed to cancer. a few years later sucker of met on a at a distant call trial. jelena voller is an outstanding room with a strong character and she had a serious influence over andrei so her of as you know he was very open and you can feel there is wife's actions to influence his behavior. in the 1980's prominent soviet artists or gay poacher of volunteered to paint sacro support trade however the work remained unfinished he found the relationship in the

center of family so intriguing as he wanted to include yelena born and because of her great influence over her husband. but as we told the dr sack off i counted seven slaps on occasion she says every time she didn't light. and then i started to draw that she was shocked by you going to draw me to my set of cusa i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over your legend i showed her my sketch she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from. one thought or. some sort of took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the next tori's soviet book cia versus u.s.s.r. who took the liberty of making an offensive reference to born a jew response from dr satcher of and in public. or of says first he should apologise to my wife in public but is just refused summer of

came up to him and slapped him in the face although not too hard for the man left and the desire of gleefully some to telegram to his relief i slept in. december nineteen seventy nine afghanistan. after a special operation to remove the leader of his alarm soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would like to call this the international agency several didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action calling its immigration he would not be forgiven for his remarks. we drove up to the cousin comes to preach on her way to work the traffic police cars suddenly got a way where driver just surprised that gets out and walked to the place of all of. the reaction from so close and teammates on. a show deliberately cut us and said

that they were from eighty or a minister but in fact they were from the tragedy of that and they tried returned they would tend to follow the car which is also from a cage or legal came to the prosecutor's office where prosecutor become closer to making it a project. awards couple accountants authorities have decided that you should be exhausted this is your. the outskirts of gorky in the newly built area should have been keep. under a some sort of and yelling and on the spend seven years of their lives together and during all that time there every step was monitored by the k.g.b. county employees are watching several how many cassettes of hidden surveillance was shot and what reports were made it's all still a secret to this day. repairing a broken ancient. highway construction and humanitarian aid. but as

shady officials talk of the spoils of war it's the people who pay the price. profiteering here is no longer just down to drug trafficking. afghanistan on the dollar. on oxy. od. od. od. od. moscow the limited physical institute and the academy of sciences the employees of the institute were the only people allowed to visit sacro in the city of gold teeth . his colleagues kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them. when andre suffer of was in exile

we did our best to preserve his office nobody took his place at table sign bearing his name was still hung on the door of the study it was attached to the in a side of the door and we separated by the guards at the side where you. know official soviet establishment supposed to enforce the law has taken responsibility for the fact of my deportation it is only up to the courts to establish either someone's innocence or to determine the measure of punishment and a term of imprisonment my case is a layering unlawfulness. meanwhile in gold all a secular oath and foreigners potential contacts were under k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave should sacral suddenly show up and we're prepared you a state security officer approached me shoot his id card and instructed me as to

how i was to serve sucker of i was warned that if he happens to ask for permission to make a phone call i was to tell him the i didn't was. in one nine hundred eighty resident and race made in north was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in response and ray and his friend decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of wards. of the fortune the first thing we saw was a man sitting in a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea were injuries to her of lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevators fled there was in the right we approached the door they pressed the bell without hesitation but it was a by woman opened the door seconds later we learned it was still in the ball and you're going to war she gave us a look of surprise and we also different rates on her of lived there she told us to

come in and we did. while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to this day the living room with the radio sets a sucker of used to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with a remarkable table which the academic had managed to repair without nails but what he heard from sacro amazed the boy much more over the years well zero told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware the thoughts of organised were being killed when we were leaving we all still for a civilian serve gave me and my friend a farewell postcard each. postcard i've kept it for thirty years now were written in briefly to andrey from and ring you all those that k.g.b.

can take it away from us because. an old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where and there a sucker of and yellin a bomb that could pay friendly calls the family of maria hein of science. in his relatives lived in the building the high notes the family had a similar story they were also in exile to god he by the soviet or thora these forty years before those events. since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers of the around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics ceased to believe there would ever be an end to his constant harassment. and they even found a place in oregon where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension with extreme.

cheering is gorky exile sucker of went on hunger strike three times for the first joint on a. local doctors received an order to hospital i said. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today said ward is still a local place of interest but the doctors don't like to comment on those events. therefore speed in involved quite rough methods as andreessen proof later recalled they fastened his arms and legs to the bad place to sleep on his nose and poor in your trisha's mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred eighty three sacro of managed to leak to the west a new work to be published then in response the soviet leadership started afresh

pounds of open persecution one of the central u.s.s.r. newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose sachar off of instigating. against the soviet union mr sattar of if once you have the right to be called a comrade when the working class can no longer call you so the soviet workmen deplore your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your outspoken treachery. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure or did with divided into paragraphs. content. that it was all staged they picked people from various ends of the soviet union and told them right write this and don't mention this and that. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west

a square in front of a savior embassy in washington sourced so many demonstrations and was named secular of plaza have incurred. from. new york and decided to follow. steps a russian. renamed by the street next the russian. united nations mission very missionaries and middle part of a war it was renamed soccer of warner corner. as well a communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as his general secretary. in nineteen eighty five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after supper of received that famous call from gorbachev he told him his seven year exile was over. when the abnormality of the situation became

clear everyone went on to discuss it i said so what let's face the issue. i think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at the time glasnost was already underway in a country where it would go. a week after gorbachev's phone calls sattar of return to moscow and was met by dozens of journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for him he steyn from giving any political statements the first place he visited was in. the limited physical institute he went there to attend the scientific seminar but unlike seven years before he was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way there for growth of the three similar with germany the seminar as usual are going on tuesday it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now the minute the seminar started and then came supper of intended to enter the whole noiselessly in

order not to interrupt the seminar not to draw everyone's attention to himself something incredible happened they spotted him and burst into applause with a word you're. soon sector of was elected to the supreme council as a delegate from the academy of sciences was in june one thousand nine hundred nine sacral found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the situation concerning the soviet troops in afghanistan it got up on the war in afghanistan as a crime he looked me up and the great drawing in itself. here and it's not clear he should be held responsible for this great troy country. these statements were judged offensive by the offices he had foreseen that were themselves one of suttles main opponents his name just said a gay children

a peacekeeper a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war it is good it will very shocked by the provocative behavior of the strain assigned. today surrogate lives in kiev and his head of the ukrainian war veterans group he still believes that secular of was to go above and trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. over foolish will generally speaking apart from being a great physicist who will suffer of was a very sincere and naive person he was easily deceived and believe everything he heard he was. counting his statements in a harsh manner i think he was simply deceived for the people who surrounded in those who chose a political course of the young silly gates pressed the populace standpoint among

soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan those who supported sacral spine to be were an absolute minority and the session for the baits are broadcast live across the country allowing the public to decide as a result sacrifice started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however i listened in much different tone to those that previously filled his mailbox during his gawky exile. dear dr sorrow please accept my deepest apologies for the so called publish millions i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress of people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need you. on the same of fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sattar of even interview to kazakhs television the questions concerned the future of the senate a lot since guest sides and kazakstan it was

a place when you clear weapons had been designated for decades sachar of demanded that the site be closed because the people who lived in this vicinity are paying too high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah right hope that mankind will terminate the critical period of history when we competed and inventing weapons of mass destruction that it is a kind of examination and condescend to say that a test of the ability to survive that's hopeless wish. it was his last interview a few hours later satirise heart failed his friends the midterm team the previous day with deeply shocked. there'd be no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sachar of. his final

year sachar over was drafting a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those who had read sachar of the early articles and his political supporters had lost their chance of meeting him in person. that while there with the high standards of goods and devotion to the cause of the people who saw her office set still needs to be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is played in the liberation of russia from doctrine. would be justly appreciative of good to share with it and the third of the.

all.