for the young generation transit and their ancestors. where the mysterious city of a good long while from the republic of. russia. keep. pushing on to live from moscow these are the top stories thousands of pakistanis protesting against deadly u.s. drone strikes could soon be joined by angry americans as washington looks to bring out manned air story already closer to home. as the e.u. read is its next water of cash to save greece from financial collapse economists warn the rescue could take the country's problems further down the road. applying stream force to say democracy that's how george is justifying his actions against peaceful protesters re of whom have gone missing after

a while he cried down two weeks ago. the sort of top stories of well we already g.m. crops and now g.m. salmon which grows faster and larger. you but does anyone really know what effect they might have at us and our environment well next our special report follows a few independent researchers of genetic engineering as they investigate the dangers of transgenic sound.

at least lies are very interesting. and this this is an interesting slide with what you have here in one thousand nine hundred two dr ralph ben straight university of pennsylvania said what if i can take the gene responsible for growth in human beings and put it into a mouse. he did just that he actually was successful as you can see though the very large mouse here is the one this successfully been an engineer with human gene growth genes to make a huge and you see the sibling next to it and if this made a huge fear it was on the front page of these magazines new york times and then a few months later people said well this is interesting but what you can really do with a really huge amounts i mean you can scare people you know there's a few things you can do with it it's not a very practical thing to have a really huge mouse so then what happened is. and yeah this is the part of

agriculture said well what happens if we would use the same experiment but to use it with pigs. and. so i went out to the u.s.d.a. here. and this what they did they took the human growth dr vern purcell with taxpayer dollars and i know the many taxpayers knew this actually took taxpayer dollars and put human genes called genes and put them into this pick as you can see there's a problem instead of like a mouse that with human genes grew so big the genes work differently the human growth means work differently this pic is cross-eyed bow legged impotent it must which your head overwhelmed it. and i can only photograph against a plywood board here because it's the only only way it can stand up and you can imagine the suffering and how terrible this was for this particular animal and this

is another experiment is what would happen they were taking the skin of the of a cow and see if they could genetically have a pate produce that skin apparently be more beneficial for slaughtering and so this is literally a pig. that has a cal's scene researchers are very proud of that. one of the. most important to understand about genetic engineering is that. it is really attempt to say listen no matter how unsustainable our technologies

we're not going to change the technology to fit the natural living systems we're going to change living systems so they fit the technology we all know how horrible factory farming is and one of the problems they have with egg laying chickens with hands is they have a mothering instinct they want to brute and here you see one of the brain experiments genetically engineer. chickens to take out the mothering instinct from these growing chicken so they won't broome or they won't have the mothering instinct any more so they'll fit the factory farm system this is one of the came nearer as they're working with the take away the mothering instinct so we don't change our factory farm system we actually take the mothering instinct out of animals so that they will fit the technology. in the mid eighty's once again a new supposedly golden age dawn for scientists genetic technology appear to be the key to subordinate in the earth and in particular its living creatures all of a sudden everything seemed possible they experimented with chickens without

feathers sheep without pelts to alleviate work after slaughtering with cows producing more milk and goods making silk they even imagined animals in the role of living organ donors. yet most of the experiments ended in failure and never found their way out of the laboratories. not only did the animals fail to conform to the scientists visions they were also deformed and incapable of survival.

only research on fish made progress here scientists can put their knowledge into practice more quickly as the animals have shorter generation times and hundreds of thousands of eggs develop by themselves outside the mother. the canadian go. the neighbor the name of backward bounty is in the process of obtaining market approval for its genetically manipulated giant salmon it has developed a salmon that is six times larger than the other members of its species it needs only half the time to grow. organic farms is a small development stage research and development company we don't have a product on the market yet but we are researching of riding different applications of biotechnology to fish farming and we're pretty much the only company in the in the field today. this is a picture of three related fish brothers and sisters that we developed this is

a fish that inherited the trans gene and these are its siblings that did not this this fish is about a year old as these fish are as well and as you can see there is a incredible excel aeration in the early life stages these fish are are are just barely ready to go into salt water as fish is almost ready to harvest after a year. i want. to. go. to one point we're going. to. go with that. this is the same salmon that you know the eighteen month ago here you see the enormous difference here and basically the same the same as it exists is not big enough it's not profitable enough doesn't grow fast enough so will fundamentally change with foreign genes so that we can make more money off it so they can be more profit on it with an extraordinary extraordinary picture obviously there's

a there's a financial consideration for the farmer i mean it's much more profitable to grow the salmon in a shorter time but there's a significant environmental impact it reduces the amount of time they're using the site so you get less fecal material that builds up on the bottom less on eat and feed they're in the water for a shorter period of time so they're exposed to native pathogens in the marine waters they're less exposed to disease less less likely for that to occur it's a technology that cannot exist with nature it's a technology that invades pollutes contaminates and ultimately destroys the natural species and this is fundamental to the crops or fish or animals that's the fundamental nature of biological pollution it cannot co-exist in days and destroys we need to understand that as we debate this issue but the real key here is not the salmon the salmon is just the first product what we're really interested in and what will work. and on now back in the lab is a year and

a carp which are really important. fish in the third world in china in africa for food security we are going to have difficulty supplying quite a protein to people worldwide and not just the high end kind of products like trout and salmon but the really important products for food security like carp and those are what we're working on we should have those on the market by the end of the decade. that is the real point of the whole matter the focus is on conquering the huge market in southeastern asia backward bouncy farms is getting ready to breed and sell eggs manipulated with growth genes in huge amounts. the company conducts the scanty tests required for approval itself and neither independent scientists nor consumers have insight into the approval process it is confidential.

occasional reports that the modified fish are more aggressive suffer from internal as well as external deformities die earlier the same results reached earlier experiments on pigs cows and sheep give due cause for skepticism. regardless of any fear harbored by consumers the genetically modified fish are soon to learn in our parts and frying pans earlier than with genetically modified plants resistance is already building up among the populace genetically modified green such as canola maison soy or introduced eighty years ago continues to turn up on our plates and recognised and i'm labelled which means that when shopping or eating in a restaurant we have no chance to identify these foods. ok well i'm into this boycott because to be

a seafood restaurant in this time and age is saying something because we've been here for six years we sell a hell of a lot of fish we do about twelve million dollars a year so when we make a decision it affects a lot of things and the decisions we make are fact markets you know we buy a lot of fish so if we decide not to buy a particular fish or not to sell a fish that means a lot. genetically engineering fish it just seems frightening we don't know whole lot about it now but from what i understand from what i've. questions we don't know what a fix it's going to have on the human population but we also don't know what if it's going to come on the ocean. way you ask whether transgenic fish is available in the marketplace as far as i

understand right now the f.d.a. is considering whether to approve it or not the food and drug administration they're having a great deal of difficulty because there is not a lot of science that says transgenic fish is unhealthy for people to consume which is what the food and drug administration looks at there's a lot of concern about the environmental impacts if the transgenic fish escapes and they all escape these animals are born to escape if this vicious caves what kind of horrible impact will it have on the rest of the fish population these fish are bred to grow faster or be stronger and they have a tremendous advantage over the wild fish population. i don't know what this might do to us or our children or our children's children and the government needs to become more active and at the very least label it so we know what we're the. it's just so unfair for people to work in ignorance even though they care even though

they want to know that the government doesn't cooperate. we're all victims of big one of the major problems we see with labeling people labeling isn't just a right to know issue. labeling is the only way you get traceability of the health effects of genetically engineered foods so labeling isn't just a right you know it's absolutely critical if we want health professionals to be able to trace the health effects of genetic engineering and hold those corporations liable for those effects so the corporations hateley when they don't want to consumers to know but they also know it saves them from liability and from anyone tracing potential health effects that's the triple importance of labeling. hardly any research has been done only effects of genetically modified foods on humans although at least in america these have been on supermarket shelves for the

past eighty years and are being consumed. only a few researches undertake the tedious and difficult task of conducting tests interims four hundred kilometers north of the arctic circle tell you traffic one of the few scientists worldwide who is not only industry payroll does research on the effects of genetically modified food on the health of humans and animals. when an organization like fish is eating nifty modified he. then did don't know what happens when there's been a next. consumer confidence that the fish is eating take a modified bird you really eat the fish not the vision extend that genetically modified food has changed that fish evolved to be sick center is still going to modify d.n.a. present in the fish dish extent who will be exposed to this in the next instant there is no. experimental data to indicate what happens in the case.

we are no go into the experimental animal departments there are doing feeding studies in rats genetically modified ingredients food and d.n.a. construct. this is a very unique experiment in the sense that it's a first experiment. very you have these scientists told that you can detect any difference between these rats groups and then you can go backwards and find all this difference means in terms of health for instance or in terms of the functions of the organs or whatever. the back room for this is.

many places and in the ruled people. are already eating genetically modified food or feed or originating in an effort to modify pets. in addition to that the intended use in humans and the mistake so calls as you will know all of the survey from the soybean and through table. re animals lot of different species and moles. and consume all the plants and we don't know anything at both what effects this you have and the organism. no one after the rats are sacred feist in the department of experimental animals the organs have been frozen don't i think very low temperature and then will

prevent to do is to analyze the organs and see that there are foreign d.n.a. has every right in most of all kinds. d.n.a. can be found there in the organs. in experiments in the german. mice. there are led by dr walls of their food. we're demonstrating that some types of for and not cleared for the orders. from the mice all of this. internal organs and they're even into if you know all the lies if that is the case if that happens and then. start of a. process. dark health. it seems like

a wide scale experiment on humans in view of the fact the genetically modified food has been on the market for eighty years and already eaten by millions of americans however it is an experiment being conducted without test groups no knowledge can be gained as to whether and in what form our health is affected if one group eats genetically modified foods but the test group is lucky the entire population is simply subjected to the same potentially harmful substances. a few scientists suspect that there might be a connection to the increase of chronic illnesses and the weakening of the immune system and the consumer might wonder if you may not have any children if you eat sterile fish in the future. do we at least know what repercussions this has on our environment and per do university in india. and rick howard of informing tests and doing pioneer research

work to determine what actually happens when genetically modified fish soon to be introduced on the market and into the food chain mingle with wild fish for this purpose they are breeding their own transgenic fish to remain independent of the food industry. a number of animals have been made transgenic including and water commercially important. one group that has been studied quite a bit in terms of making. ensure that. individuals are fish and fish for commercial purposes so fifteen twenty different species like salmon like to laugh the like carp have been made transgenic and so we have the facilities and also the expertise to investigate the problem in fish and but also through make our approach to answering those questions such that they can be used and pigs can

be used in cattle that can be used in any other type of organ or plants. any type of organism because they did it evolve general features of biology that is common to any organism. to make the transgenic fish begin to recently fertilized eggs and they usually within five minutes of them being fertilized we bring them over to this room and go through a procedure called micro injection to literally inject into the egg thousands of copies of small segments of d.n.a. . those segments of d.n.a. include the gene that we're after in this case of salmon growth hormone gene as well as a promoter that turns a gene on. and we're starting inserting that into a laugh that has just been fertilized. so what our student has here

is eggs on a small strip with a very thin glass needle that contains the d.n.a. . and that needle right up to the membrane and then with air pressure. through the d.n.a. into the bay. and from there on it's a matter of chance as to what happens if the. d.n.a. happens to be in the right place then it gets incorporated into the chromosomes of the organism and we're successful making it crazy and fish but that may only have about two percent or five percent of the time so you go through many of the worries processes of injecting. we have this extraordinary situation where we're taking human genes and putting in a fish and we're mixing and matching the genetic makeup of the entire living

kingdom and the whole well as a community and who's deciding who you know we're changing the permanent genetic makeup permanently the entire animal kingdom and who's deciding you know in our congress here in the united states legislatures throughout the world devoted all these different laws tax laws and corporate laws what could be more important than deciding on the permanent genetic future of life on earth. where we don't vote on that very few scientists and regulators and corporations impose that on us but there's no referendum and there's no elections and this is one of the fundamental issues i think we have a democracy democracy is legislation. technologist is legislation technology actually is the basis for almost all major social change we don't vote on it we want everything else whether the nuclear bomb or the automobile are now taking human genes and putting them in the other animals and mixing imagine all the genes we don't vote on that i don't know that we let

a few corporations scientists and railways decide and there's a fundamental question we need to answer about technology today is that we no longer can lead just a few decide these questions that will last for millenia we need to say technology is legislation technology is a law it will determine our future and we need to vote on that we need to be able to say we need to become informed and we need to make a choice. this is the heart of why. he is fighting for single handedly at the university of minnesota both by the faculty approval process is so secretive she began to conduct experiments with grants for independent research she examines the behavior of the transgenic fish bred by bill muir and recovered. in an old farm building she tries to reproduce a simulated ecosystem in many tanks and aquariums in order to conduct experiments

resembling a real life situation a reputation as an independent scientists reaches all the way to toil and the industry is especially anxious to capture the southeastern asian market with genetically modified to love a popular fish on asian menus for this reason it is pressing the government with applications for approval to be able to sell its transgenic fish earlier than in america and the government of thailand became quite worried because they felt that they were not well equipped to review an application and even know what questions to ask and how do we do a risk assessment and be able to make a good decision about whether they should allow the patient of a country so they told the researchers please don't even apply formally to introduce these pairs because we don't know what to do. on the great time pressure and is compiling a risk assessment report together with tycho leaked concerning the possible dangers to the environment should transgenic fish be approved for commercial purposes for

just as with food stuffs the potential consequences to the environment have so far not mean authority explored. one of the things we want to know is if in the future the thai government approved genetically engineer to apia and if they were to escape from the fish farms and we know they will says the regular farm swap you have with that cause most more harm are would be equal to the possible harm that bet. farm swap you know that everett escaped are posing. to explore the possible risk factors and is working with a small fast reproducing fish species from japan many thousands of fish are measured photographed the eggs counted and their meeting behavior observed.

transgenic male wild female wild male wild female. to male one female. which one asserts itself which offspring a stronger. none of it sounds like creek three more profit more like hard work at weekends over time.

culture is that so much about the taxpayers' money and there is a shriek and a lot of people are saving the hero in the financial and political costs of doing so is it all worth it there's a euro project need a serious rethink should there be. the fifty. first. download the official ante up location join a phone call touch from the i.q. exams to. one shall see the light.