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and his lies are very interesting. and this this is an interesting slide with what you have here and one thousand nine hundred two dr ralph ben straight university of pennsylvania said what if i can take the gene responsible for growth in human beings and put it into a mouse. and he did just that he actually was successful as you can see though the very large mouse here is the one that successfully been an engineer with human growth genes to make a huge and you see the sibling next to it and if this made a huge fear it was on the front page of these magazines new york times and then a few months later people said well this is interesting but what you can really do with a really huge mouse i mean you can scare people you know this just means you can do it it is not a very practical thing to have a really huge mouse. so then what happened is. you know this is the part of

agriculture said well what happens if we would use the same experiment but to use it with pigs. and. so i went out to the u.s.d.a. here. and this is what they did they took the human growth team dr vern purcell with taxpayer dollars and i know that many taxpayers knew this actually took taxpayer dollars and took human genes growth genes and put them into this pick as you can see there's a problem instead of like a mouse that with human genes it grew so big the genes work differently to human growth chains were different in this cake and it was cross-eyed bow legged impotent musculature had overwhelmed. and i could only photograph against a plywood board here because it's the only only way it could stand up and you can imagine the suffering and how terrible this was for this particular animal and this is another experiment is what would happen they were taking the skin of

a cow and see if they could genetically have a pig produce that's going to probably be more beneficial for slaughtering and so this is literally a pig. that has a cal's scene researchers are very proud of that. one of the. most important to understand about genetic engineering is that. it is really attempt to say listen i matter how unsustainable our technologies

we're not going to change the technology to fit the natural living systems we're going to change living systems so they fit the technology we all know how horrible factory farming is and one of the problems they have with egg laying chickens with hands is they have another instinct they want to brute and here you see one of the brain experiments jenny. the engineering chickens to take out the mothering instinct from these brooding chicken so they won't groom or they won't have the mothering instinct any more so they'll fit the factory farm system this is one of the camera birds they're working with the take away the mothering instinct so we don't change our factory farm system we actually take the mothering instinct out of animals so that they will fit the technology. in the mid eighty's once again a new supposedly golden age dawned for scientists genetic technology appeared to be the key to subordinating the earth and in particular its living creatures all of a sudden everything seemed possible they experimented with chickens without feathers sheep without pelts to alleviate work after slaughtering with cows

producing more milk and goods making silk they even imagined animals in the role of living organ donors. yet most of the experiments ended in failure and never found their way out of the laboratories. not only did the animals fail to conform to the scientists visions they were also deformed and incapable of survival.

only research on fish made progress here scientists could put their knowledge into practice more quickly as the animals have shorter generation times and the hundreds of thousands of eggs developed by themselves outside the mother. can. indian company by the name of aqua bounty is in the process of obtaining market approval for its genetically manipulated giant salmon it has developed a salmon that is six times larger than the other members of its species it needs only half the time to grow. up about farms is a small development stage research and development stage company we don't have a product on the market yet but we are researching of riding of different applications of biotechnology to fish farming and we're pretty much the only company in the in the field today. this is a picture of three related fish brothers and sisters that we developed this is

a fish that inherited the trance gene and these are its siblings that did not this this fish is about a year old as these fish are as well and as you can see there is a incredible excel aeration in the early life stages these fish are are just barely ready to go into salt water this fish is almost ready to harvest after a year they want. to. go to. the one point three billion. dollars. bill that. this is the same salmon that you know they came and though here you see the enormous difference here and basically the same the same as it exists is not big enough it's not profitable enough doesn't grow fast enough so will fundamentally change with foreign genes so that we can make more money off it so they can be more profit on it on an extraordinary extraordinary picture obviously there's a there's

a financial consideration for the farmer i mean it's much more profitable to grow the salmon in a shorter time but there's a significant environmental impact it reduces the amount of time they're using the site so you get less fecal material that builds up on the bottom less feed there in the water for shorter period of time so they're exposed to native pathogens in the marine waters they're less exposed to disease less less likely for that to occur it's a technology that cannot exist with nature it's a technology that invades pollutes contaminates and ultimately destroys the natural species and this is fundamental to the crops or fish or animals that's the fundamental nature of biological pollution it cannot co-exist and invades and destroy us we need to understand that as we debate this issue but the real key here is not the salmon the salmon is just the first product what we're really interested in and what will work. and on now back in the lab is happier and

a carp which are really important. fish in the third world in china in africa for food security we are going to have difficulty supplying quite a protein to people worldwide and not just the high end kind of products like trout and salmon but the really important products for food security like carp and those are what we're working on we should have those on the market by the end of the decade. that is the real point of the whole matter the focus is on conquering the huge market in southeastern asia aqua bounty farms is getting ready to breed and sell eggs manipulated with growth genes in huge amounts. the company conducts the scanty tests required for approval itself and neither independent scientists nor consumers have insight into the approval process it is confidential.

occasional reports that the modified fish are more aggressive suffer from internal as well as external deformities and die earlier the same results reached in earlier experiments on pigs cows and sheep give due cause for skepticism. regardless of any fear harbored by consumers the genetically modified fish are soon to land in our pots and frying pans earlier than with genetically modified plants resistance is already building up among the populace genetically modified grain such as canola maison soya introduced eighty years ago continues to turn up on our plates and recognized and only will which means that when shopping or eating in a restaurant we have no chance to identify these foods. ok well i'm going into this boycott because to be a seafood restaurant in this time and age is saying something because we've been

here for six years we sell a hell of a lot of fish we do about twelve million dollars a year so when we make a decision it affects a lot of things and the decisions we make are fact markets you know we buy a lot of fish so if we decide not to buy a particular fish or not to sell a fish that means a lot. genetically engineering fish it just seems to me we don't know whole lot about it now but from what i understand from what i could. this is a lot of questions we don't know what a fix it's going to have on the human population but we also don't know what if it's going to come on the ocean. way you ask whether transgenic fish is available in the marketplace as far as i

understand right now the f.d.a. is considering whether to approve it or not the food and drug administration they're having a great deal of difficulty because there is not a lot of science that says transgenic fish is unhealthy for people to consume which is what the food and drug administration looks at there's a lot of concern about the environmental impact if the transgenic fish escapes and they all escape these animals are born to escape if this vicious caves what kind of horrible impact will it have on the rest of the fish population these fish are fred to grow faster or be stronger and they have a tremendous advantage over the wild fish population. we don't know what this might do to us or our children or our children's children and the government needs to become more active and at the very least label it so we know what we're the. it's just so unfair for people to work in ignorance even though they care even though

they want to know that the government doesn't cooperate. we're all victims of a one of the major problems we see with labeling people labeling isn't just a right to know issue. labeling is the only way you get traceability of the health effects of genetically engineered foods so labeling isn't just a right you know it's absolutely critical if we want health professionals to be able to trace the health effects of genetic engineering and hold those corporations liable for those effects so the corporations basically wing because they don't want to consumers to know but they also know it saves them from liability and from anyone tracing potential health effects that's the triple importance of labeling. hardly any research has been done only effects of genetically modified foods on humans although at least in america these have been on supermarket shelves for the past eighty years and are being consumed. only

a few researches undertake the tedious and difficult task of conducting tests interim four hundred kilometers north of the arctic circle tell you traffic one of the few scientists worldwide who is not only industry payroll does research on the effects of genetically modified food on the health of humans and animals. when an organization like fish is eating let the modified eat. then they don't know what happens then there's the next. consumer confidence that the fish is eating their commodified bird you really are fish. to fish extend the dinette a modified bird has changed the fish to both with the basic center is still going at a modified d.n.a. present in the fish division extent you will be exposed to this in the next instant there is no. experimental data to indicate what happens in the case.

we are no go in through the experimental animal departments very are doing feeding studies in rats video nets and him all the. ingredients food and d.n.a. construct. this is a very unique experiment in the sense that it's the first experiment. very you have the scientists hold that you can detect any difference between these rats groups and then you can go backwards and find all this difference means in terms of health for instance or in terms of malfunctions of the organs or whatever . the backbone for this is that. many places in the ruled

people and most are already eating going after mother for food or feed originating in you know the fact that. in addition to that the intended use in humans and the mystic so-called distribution all only survey from the soybean and through the table. holes lot of different species and the malls. and consume all the plants and we don't know anything at both what effects these things have on and the organism. no way after the rats are second feist in the department of experimental animals the organs have been frozen and gone at the very low temperature and then what we

want to do is to analyze the organs and see that there are foreign d.n.a. . in those organs. d.n.a. can be found there in the organs. in experiments in german. mice. i mean there are led by dr walls that there are food. we're demonstrating that some types of foreign d.n.a. when not clear far from the audiences. from the mice or. in the internal organs and or even in internet you know all the mice if that is the case if that happens then it's a start of the. process. injured our health.

it seems like a wide scale experiment on humans in view of the fact the genetically modified food has been on the market for eighty years and already eaten by millions of americans however it is an experiment being conducted without test groups and no knowledge can be gained as to whether and in what form our health is affected if one group eats genetically modified foods but the test group is lucky the entire population is simply subjected to the same potentially harmful substances. a few scientists suspect that there might be a connection to the increase of chronic illnesses and the weakening of the immune system and the consumer might wonder if you may not have any children if you eat fish in the future. do we at least know what repercussions this has on our environment per do university in india. and rick our are performing tests and doing pioneer research

work to determine what actually happens when genetically modified fish soon to be introduced on the market and into the food chain mingle with wild fish for this purpose they are breeding their own transgenic fish to remain independent of the food industry. a number of animals have a major agenda putting and water commercially important. one group that has been studied quite a bit in terms of making. ensure that. individuals are fish and fish for commercial purposes so fifteen twenty different species like salmon like to laugh like carp have been made transgenic and so we have the facilities and also the expertise to investigate the problem in fish. but also to make our approach to answering those questions such that they could be used and pigs

could be used and cattle that can be used in any other type of organ or plants. any type of organism because they get a lot of general features of biology that is common to any organism. to make a transgenic fish to get the recently fertilized eggs and the usually within five minutes of them being fertilized we bring them over to this room and go through a procedure called micro injection to literally inject into the egg thousands of copies of small segments of d.n.a. . those segments of d.n.a. include the gene that we're after in this case of salmon growth hormone gene as well as a promoter it turns a gene on. there were certain inserting that into a laugh that has just been fertilized. so what our student has here

is eggs on a small strip with a very last needle that contains the d.n.a. . and hope that needle right up to the a membrane and then with air pressure. shoot the d.n.a. into the bay. and from there on it's a matter of chance as to what happens if the. segment of d.n.a. happens to be in the right place and it gets incorporated into the chromosomes of the organism and we're successful making it raise any fish but that may only have about ten percent or five percent of the time so you go through many of the four years processes of injecting. we have this extraordinary situation where we're taking human genes and putting in a fish and we're mixing and matching the genetic makeup of the entire living kingdom and the whole community and who's deciding who you know we're changing the

permanent genetic makeup. the entire animal kingdom and who's deciding you know in our congress here in the united states legislatures rather will be voted on all these different laws tax laws and corporate laws and look at the more important than deciding on the permanent genetic future of life on earth. but we don't vote on that very few scientists and regulators and corporations impose that on us but there's no referendum and there's no elections and this is one of the fundamental issues i think we have a democracy democracy is legislation. technologist is legislation technology actually is the basis for almost all major social change we don't vote on we want everything else but whether the nuclear bomb or the automobile are now taking human genes and putting them in the other animals and mixing in matches although we don't vote on that i don't know that we let

a few corporations scientists and railways decide and that's a fundamental question we need to answer about technology today is that we no longer can lead just a few decide these questions that will last for millenia we need to say technology is legislation technology is a law that will determine our future and we need to vote on that we need to be able to say we need to become informed and we need to make the choice. this is the heart of why. he is fighting for single handedly at the university of minnesota both by the fact of the approval process is so secretive she began to conduct her own experiments with grants for independent research she examines the behavior of the transgenic fish bred by bill moore and recovered in an old from building she tries to reproduce a simulated ecosystem in many tanks and aquariums in order to conduct experiments resembling a real life situation

a reputation as an independent scientists reaches all the way to toil and the industry is especially anxious to capture the southeastern asian markets with genetically modified to love a popular fish on asian menus for this reason it is pressing the government with applications for approval to be able to sell its transgenic fish earlier than in america and the government of thailand became quite worried because they felt that they were not well equipped to review an application and even know what questions to ask and how do we do a risk assessment and be able to make a good decision about whether they should allow the patient of a country so they told the researchers please don't even apply formally to introduce these fish because we don't know what to do. under great time pressure and is compiling a risk assessment report together with tyco leak concerning the possible dangers to the environment should transgenic fish be approved for commercial purposes for just

as with foodstuffs the potential consequences to the environment have so far not been authority explored. one of the things we want to know is if in the future the tiger government approved genetically engineer to apia and if they were to escape from the fish farms and we know they will says the regular farm swap you have with that cause most more harm are would be equal to the possible harm that the. farm swap you know that everybody escaped harm are posing. to explore the possible risk factors and is working with a small fast reproducing fish species from japan many thousands of fish are measured photographed the eggs counted them eating behavior observed.

think. transgenic male while female. wild mayo while female. to male one female. which one asserts itself which all spring a stronger. none of the songs like creek female cross it's more like hard work at weekends over time.

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