welcome back here's a recap of this week's top stories on r.t. greece has been engulfed in violent protests against a fresh round of government cuts it comes as the prime minister of the shuffle the cabinet to push through a new austerity package to secure a second e.u. bailout. nato airstrikes reportedly hit one of tripoli's residential areas destroying a house and killing at least seven beyond going bombing has also led to fuel shortages and all rich countries. of the state's role in russia's economy must be

reduced that was part of the future president medvedev it mapped out at the international economic forum in st petersburg he also reiterated call stor fight corruption more effectively and create a better investment climate. and coming up next starting explores the unpredictable risks of gravel ranchers and the adrenaline junkies and gracing the danger is still with us for that. is the cooler peninsula in russia's north home to the q.b. in the massive mountain range this is the cold and windy blow showing us the snow here is between one and a half and four meters deep avalanche safety specialist so probing the snow structure on one of the slopes.

the top layer of snow drifts on a slope is unstable and ski is could trigger an avalanche shift attention those of you who it came to skull mountain lakes please be careful. some avalanches a wet others a dry it all depends on the snows composition the speed of avalanches varies between seventy and four hundred kilometers an hour man can do nothing in the face of tons of snow rushing down to such a velocity. and yet people do live in the mountains they study avalanches to be able to protect themselves from beaches skiers and snowboarders tempt fate by taking to the mountain slopes. in this weather station in the q.b. massive is situated close to the town of kyoto one hundred fifty kilometers north

of the arctic circle it is one of the instruments of the avalanche safety service it records dozens of readings several times a day snow and ground temperatures wind direction solar activity and precipitation all those factors affect the snow and its structure the station staff uses them as the basis for polygamy forecasts concerning avalanches. what triggers a sudden movement of snow in the mountains resulting in a formidable natural disaster. finding the answer to that question is the job of scientists to some peaches bugs hydra meteorological university one of the factors triggering an avalanche is nothing more unusual than snow with operation little flakes turn into vapor even at very low temperatures. but with fiber in the top layer of the snow but he escapes into the year. it settles on large snowflakes turns into us. as

a result snow in the lower turns into large round crystals. this makes the top most slide over the ground pellets. the only way to fight avalanches is to get them to move before they begin sliding down the road whenever a weather forecast points to snow instability avalanches are set off to prevent the risk of a larger one occurring before the roads are blocked ski routes are closed and the area was cordoned off among computer system controls of the launch movement gases fed into a bell suspended from a helicopter an operator then triggers a spark in the belt on the gas explodes the shockwave triggers an avalanche. and.

this method is widely used in the foothills of the caucasus close to the city of sochi russia's most popular steam resort is situated here. cordell mountains in the world are prone to avalanches and all of them are affected by our lunches every single one. of the slope is avalanche prone if it is steeper than fifteen to twenty degrees. the two thousand and fourteen winter olympics is to take place here in new ski lifts are being built a modern trails are being prepared the downhill routes varying complexity some are just right for budding skiers others pose a challenge to professional sportsman. the caucasus mountains occupy an area about the same size of an average european country groups provided with all the necessary

facilities take up a small part of the slopes so far it is only possible to reach most of the mountain tops by helicopter going downhill where nobody. the set foot is the ambition of many skiers and snowboarders there is a special term for this costly form of entertainment kelly skiing. at their ellie skiing is what every free rider aspires to it just takes your breath away to ride down the slope after a helicopter that draws you to some out of the way nor can the mountains.

as. once we've left the helicopter we have to test the snow. so what this means is well we make a kick to see the pattern of snow fall in the last few weeks. if we see that there's a danger of an avalanche happening that day and we just pack up straight away and go home when the situation is just right though we follow this route down a mountain. or the wilds of the ridge the better the snow sure you have so many different routes lying ahead of you so you can choose whichever way you want to go down the mountain depending on the level of skiing your experience and just how good you are. studying and forecasting avalanches is a complicated process with many phases any forecasts applied by the weather station

can never be certain accurate conclusions are made only after testing the snow cover as a particular point. one layer of the snow is compact the other is a loose you can see it is fluffy. but you see if i touch this with my finger it is almost uniform i'm going to see how thick it is and there's twenty five centimeters of snow drift. snow drift is the layer that moves with the wind from one location to another this type of snow has the weakest bone with the lower layers. but when somebody comes to the slope they see such snow but they don't know what it is like underneath it maybe packs and i'm a case it is not dangerous if it is unstable down there you just step on the snow and it slides away from you if the snow's temperature structure and density are all measured by the specialists to see how the layers bond together they handle the readings right on the spot. with. the test

demonstrates that the top layer of the snow drift on the slope is unstable so it may start sliding minsky is or snowboards right over it which could then trigger an avalanche so now we're going to designate the area as has a list and closed to the public. attention of those of you who came to scale mountain peaks please be careful according to the avalanche safety center a heightened alert has been declared for the next two days because of an avalanche hazard. or is a ski resort within the arctic circle originally it was meant as a place where the people of the town of killed lost and spend their vacations today tourists from across the country come to visit. and we were going there for ten days but trouble struck on the second. memories of what happened then are so vivid in younes mind but it seems as though

it were just yesterday but in fact several years have passed since the accident in many ways that incident changed his life. but if you look at the slope from below you will see a clearing between the trees and it is there because frequent avalanches sweep away trees standing in their path i did not know at the time that the slope was avalanche prone. none of the people who came to that slope could even imagine the outcome. free riders make a special point of looking for wild slopes right over virgin snow. for the past ten years yevgeny cliff

a cough has taken groups of free riders from the city of your coast to the mom i pass on the southern shore of lake baikal. the lake near could screech in is the world's largest body of fresh water locals call it to see it is fifteen hundred meters deep in place it's. will cover part of the distance over the ice of lake baikal then it will be several kilometers of a winding path in the mountains another ten kilometers along a stream gorge. you could say the place is in the. wilderness there isn't any electricity or a decent road that can only be reached either by snowmobile for on foot. on the way to its destination the group registers with the local rescue service. with. an official of the service and rescue party takes note of its roots the

number of people involved and the crop summit days of the group's return if the group fails to turn up on time presti teams will undergo a search and rescue operation like all other groups of this kind this one is briefed before it continues its journey. i wish to formally warn you of possible avalanches in the mountains you should be on alert especially after lunch time when warmer weather normally cause a snow falls also a storm alert has been declared for tomorrow northwesterly winds of up to twenty meters a second. a member of the rescue services joins the clitic of the group they go as far as the foothills where the road ends they then cover ten kilometers across low hills with an all terrain vehicle but before taking a ride from the slope of the group needs to hike uphill on force as no motor vehicles can get up such an implied.

heading toward slopes hidden from the sun because that's where pax knows likely to be. he may begin moving any time now that's why i will go skiing on the shady side close to the forests the snow still holds on board a pretty good. despite the long hole the group of free riders managed to scale the mountain and go downhill on the first day and for some so.

just see.

it. seems. odd. the cola peninsula within the arctic circle is russia's northernmost point a group of sportsman skiing in the mountains has been hit by now the lunch rescue is of the care oscar regional rescue services receive requests for assistance they do not know how long it will take them to reach the scene a lot depends on distance but to rain on weather conditions they have vivid memories of what happened to a group of skiers from some places but a few years ago. which is one of those who know all too well what the full force of an avalanche feels like. to go through as they approach the edge to get ready for

the descent. you know where i was knocked over with such force from my clothes and happened instantly shuttle and everything became unfastened. i sensed i was tumbling down at top speed with an enormous mass of something pressing on me they were only it was like being under a stamping press. i cannot say how long all that lasted i was told the avalanche was on the move for only four or five seconds but to me it seemed like an eternity with enormous blocks of snow and ice reduce everything in their path to smithereens they sweep away trees and destroy buildings at one point i felt as if i was literally bending over backwards with the stress on my spine was so great i thought my back could be broken. in my head was out of the snow. i think my lungs had filled up with snow and i strained to cough it up and i

remember feeling afterwards that my chest had become lighter. yann was dug up by a companion who had not been caught up in the avalanche rescuers found three more men buried under the snow they were dead quite often it takes several days to find victims buried in an avalanche for me to long proops they used to dig into the snow this is the only method to find a free rider unless he has a radio beacon on it. when appropriate something soft it's clear that it's a victim a sound produced by the probe in that case is also helpful so we begin thinking right there and then felix eva sure is a doctor with a local rescue team he always joins the team on duty when they go to help avalanche victims his eight kilogram kit contains all the necessary equipment for on site reanimation though in practice he rarely needs it. recording to statistics if

victims are stuck in an avalanche for fifteen minutes their chances of survival of fifty percent any longer and there is a sharp drop in the chances of survival here but we haven't recovered a buried survivor from an avalanche around here in the past ten years. intense truck aeration for the winter olympics of cut the number of burgeon slopes in the vicinity of sochi available for free riding the results rescuers will be hard put to recall the last time they dealt with avalanche related incidents. and ten ice to counter the snow on the mountain slopes they are the visible part of what is otherwise covered with snow these are ultimately weather stations days or is continuously supplied to an online computer of the resort's government's control . the station measures snow depth and temperature humidity we know characteristics solar radiation and it's very

precious this and more allow us to forecast avalanches. these are looking pipes on mountaintops the part of the results of a safety system. failing to so-called shelters booths containing cast cylinders with oxygen propane. more should know ok everything's in order here for shelter oxygen and frank payne is fed to an empty avalanche come from special pipes and operators sets off the gas mixture by pressing a button. in the old days all resorts use guns or mortars to fight avalanches they would be brought to a slope and fired at a designated target nowadays there grandcolas falling into disuse. way have resolved the problem by taking on purely ecological systems used elsewhere

in the world. they don't damage the ground either in summer or in winter. they simply remove the snow whenever we want to get rid of it or get out on. a computer at the avalanche control service received signal some automatic weather stations twenty four hours a day a respective weather conditions the figures are then analyzed. if necessary the operator uses the same computer to set a small allergen motion which cannot do any harm. which as we say any slip can pose an avalanche has a. avalanches maker even in the most unlikely places. police young enthusiastic every possible precaution but they can never be fully guaranteed against being caught in an avalanche.

of that is that when you get on the fresh snow it's already under stress but you make things worse by adding your weight to it on top of that you cutting the snow with your skis and all my combined myself an avalanche. normally the guard will do the job himself of testing the snow and if he senses the possibility of an avalanche he might deliberately force the snow to get moving. if the it's upward if you just into the snow in front of me that doesn't mean it won't snap behind she is trudel first break up front little crack behind you to name out or whether you've done the car thing or somebody else has done it for you with a. but it is real. scientists and some petersburg research the peculiarities of the mountains ice and snow there is also surprising as it turns out an ice rupture generates a radio wave that can be located. i mean the most interesting thing about it

is that radio frequency emissions take place shortly before i shearing. here this means it's possible to full cost as well as record are sharing it actually but i mean this can be done if only for a short time before just an hour or so. experiments with snow by the scientists have also demonstrated that during its life an avalanche to emits radio waves. here it is that radio missions are generated by a small snow crystals rubbing against one another using a resemblance pointing to the existence of radio frequency radiation even in a visible range people have seen light coming from not time avalanches. for the time being it is possible to forecast avalanches only a few seconds ahead special radio receivers are used for the purpose. of mountain on my on the southern side of lake baikal is known for its fluffy snow

it is light soft and powdery freeriding fans need to demonstrate highly professional skills in such conditions otherwise one uncertain move may land you waist deep in the snow long un tame slopes of fruit for the numerous risks for the novice. but there you can see a large area covered with snow there were lots of trees there five years ago you go to a big avalanche and assembler swept away everything in its way. places a constant reminder of the threat posed by avalanches.

huey riders from neighboring towns have built cabins in the foothills of mount my mind they spend weekends here there is nothing inside apart from stoves tables in makeshift beds the cabins are almost buried in snow which makes them look like big snow drifts with chimneys before they get to the mountaintop free riders spend a good deal of time scrambling along with skis or boards on the backs. of the rivers you may not like it here if you enjoy sliding downhill you're unlikely to enjoy going uphill on foot complete with gear nor you likely to be very keen to stoke the coals in the stove even during the night here you can leave without wearing snowshoes to cope with it you really need to love it all this landscape this forest this weather and this permanent snowfall.

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