and some of the problems with government schools thank you chris for your e-mail thank you so much for joining us adam goldstein of the student press law center thank you very much for joining us tonight all right bets are so thanks for going to adam vs the man with a got out of us is the man i call to vote on got some topics as always adam and adam vs the man and this is adam coca from washington d.c. and i. children play war in the old case me. nine hundred forty one these walls were the first barriers in the nazi troops on the way to moscow. and the rest were done one by one under

siege this. one. in the last show and left a few simple words. very well. but i'm not surrendering.

mission free accreditation free. free. free. free. free. free. free. for trips on the territory of the sovereign. the soviet republic of russia. was once the western coast of the. day school children in the town of. money by

a local monument to commemorate what happened. on june twenty second one hundred forty one german forces invading the soviet union. the defenders of the breast fortress found themselves in a dead end situation it is here that the myth about the invincibility of the german army was broken. perseverance courage and belief in victory. for years to come. the early hours of june twenty second nineteen forty one german artillery unleashes a massive barrage from the breast garrisoned. german warplanes simultaneously dropped hundreds of bombs on the fortress soon after infantry assault groups launched the initial ground attack.

is one of the officers in charge of the fortress defenses. is dr i.e.c. often visits the monument to her father on the outskirts of breasts. shows was he looked like any of the even today i guess nervous when i come here what's failing me i see those events in my mind's eye as if they were yesterday. today children play war in the old case mates but in the first days of the real war the unit under the command of luggin are shot lawsky was holding out in one of them within two days the defenders had exhausted their ammunition. daughter saw the germans trying to capture her father. of the sudden it was a noise it seemed the truth on the head. he had shown time to the ratings and plunged into the river we went to germans began firing ask him as

a death in captivity he shouts and those were the last words he attracts to his soldiers adamantly. in accordance with their plan to attack the soviet union the germans had amassed three armies close to the border among these army groups or was the most powerful its mission was to encircle and destroy soviet troops and belorussia and move on to moscow vyas months. the german strategy relied on surprise attack to demoralize the adversary from the whole putting seconds. the sound of the explosions was deafening before that i had seen war only in films . i thought it was an earthquake i just couldn't believe there was a war going on. the first hours of june twenty second one hundred forty one. of

a member of the military band asleep in his barracks on the second floor abreast fortress. within minutes of the attack bullets and show fragments had riddled the barracks walls. i remember just all over the place. well. i could barely breathe iraq myself in a blanket. can i heard an order from your rifles and get downstairs. now i barely have time spall my coals before rushing downstairs with my platoon where. only a few hours later the german plan to move through bella russian territory had stalled. every week covered from the initial shock soldiers remaining in the garrison offered stubborn resistance despite being a number nearly two to one by their attackers.

one of our rifle regiments counterattacks the german soldier and try to roll back to the gates. they were met with a shower of bullets there to. money of the fastest style in their. beginning of the huns edmond shown back was born in munich on june twenty second one thousand nine hundred one he was among the german troops who entered the russia shortly before that he had been called up from high school and central eastern front to serve in a panzer unit. a huge force terrifying wave of german up salary from also its. into russian territory and when they were done we knew we had to go in. like another tanks initially and i saw the first horribly injured german soldiers and it wasn't just me we all knew what would happen it was terrible

. the border between the poem follows the same line along which soviet fund your post were once deployed. it was they who bore the brunt of the nazi invasion for several days small arms were the only weapons the border guards can nevertheless they held up the advance of german troops and tanks for some time and they billing the fortress garrison to organize its defense. yes come on the german command allowed thirty minutes for the destruction of the frontier posts but some held out from one to seven days repulsing one attack after another. these pill boxes on the border were built shortly before the war but they were never used supplies and ammunition for the machine guns had been scheduled to arrive the day after the nats invasion of soviet territory. was in command of one of the pill

boxes he was officer on duty the day before the start of the war this picture shows or so i would encourage his friend nikolai a fellow servicemen returning from a night of dancing in breastplate on june twenty first nicholai broke the news to let him or. doesn't hear. i have something terrible to tell you. his thoughts. when i was there my girlfriend told me. that a war would break out tomorrow four in the morning. all this nine hundred thirty nine two years before the start of the war relations between the soviet union and germany had become noticeably warmer foreign ministers of the two states motive and ribbentrop sign a non-aggression pact. in

september nine hundred thirty nine german troops invaded. this is german commander . his tanks captured the brest fortress at that time part of polish territory. this is rare footage i joined saw that in german military for a in accordance with a secret deal to divide europe the german military hands breast over to soviet troops in less than two years time. will again launch an assault on breast fortress fighting against the same troops in our solutions in the interim dispenser units will have gained valuable experience in successful offensive operations in europe. and. if we had the modern same knowledge and communicate between the tanks headphones. and that allowed us to react small quickly. the russian

tanks couldn't communicate with each other. whereas we could for example withdrawal and then attack from the science. june twenty fourth one of the most tragic days for the defenders of the fortress during another attempted assault used the russian officers wife and children as a human shield on this bridge. on the measure. they told us women and children to lie down on the bridge close to watch every piece is. can you imagine four or five guns firing it's a time it can shatter your brain. my son slava had one of his it. now he can't hit anything it's all in that's here. i saw my daughter's hand nina turning gray. after another. she was only

a little kid. ellison her mob was only six years old in one thousand nine hundred forty one he and his parents were living in brest fortress he spent two days in the so-called polar magazine at the start of the war he was wounded and lost his entire family. at all since an arrest the gravity of the situation the children didn't. who. was standing in. with that's when we got scared over who. and when i was so my mother and sister killed while sitting right here where i took myself away as far as i cooled on the feet of those who were there in the cellars of the. in essence the entire curator of the fortress is a monument to the victims of the wars of first day now this building houses

a museum. at its center a famous exhibit and alarm clock the stalk ticking as soon as the war began. another exhibit is dedicated to the children of red army commanders who fought in the fortress many of them were murdered by s.s. task forces in one thousand nine hundred two a year after german troops attacked the soviet union. in one thousand nine hundred forty two and this. massacred fifty four children at an all or financially abreast their parents had already died in the war. michael french army commander was the children's teacher was she and the children the fullest of the orphanage and kilt all of them. a vigil of commemoration and sorrow takes place each year in the breast fortress on the ninth of june twenty first can those are lit in the embers yours veterans come here from

all over the former soviet union a slide show features pictures of the red army commanding officers who took part in the defense of breast fortress after the ceremony border guard soldiers float a reserve in the western boogie river to commemorate the people whose lives were cut short in breast fortress in june one thousand nine hundred one the names of many of them are still unknown. a time when you're broadcasting live from washington d.c. coming up today on the big picture.

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to. twenty second midday eight hours after the german attack most of the surviving defenders of the best fortress moved into cellars under the barracks just archipelago and his comrades spent about three days there back in the nineteenth century the cellars withstood direct hits in the aerial bombardment. for the year there was a hospital for the wounded here but while the makes of mortuary was over there at the end of the corridor or more the german command demanded that the defenders lay

down their arms and surrender when they turned down the ultimatum german assault groups used flame throwers to flush them out. thinking the heat was so intense that even bricks began to melt. or the fighters continued their resistance as they shifted from one place to another. this is how german war correspondents pro-trade the event but cameramen were unable to film an emerging from sellers with their hands. raised as a sign of surrender none of them did that. russian surrender german shelter a loudspeaker or no that will let you live don't be afraid they say it. with some of the spot of the loudspeaker they hit it with a burst of machine gun fire. that was the end of the propaganda yet that's.

a shortage of water was the biggest problem the defenders faced the western river was nearby but german troops were in control of all approaches to it still have another five years managed to reach the river several times under the cover of darkness. to reach the west we were sometimes crawling sometimes running. their mess tunes our helmets then trying to make no noise we had to do with the way the germans fired flares all the time they certainly would have opened fire if they spoke. no days mining engineers for wartime ammunition in the western. one of the latest finds is a german two hundred ten millimeter artillery shell. is just as dangerous today as it was sixty eight years ago. careful slowly slowly don't turn it over.

most of the shell could go off at any moment if it's not handled properly if it does judging by its size it will obliterate everything within a radius of about five hundred meters. on the average day divers pick up three to ten objects relating to the first days of the war. in the nineteenth century the breast fortress was long considered impenetrable they outer walls were two meters thick. in the twentieth century it was in effect a death trap for the seven thousand strong soviet garrison. from the start of the war all the fortresses gates were continuously under artillery and machine gun fire they were also blocked by attacking enemy troops as a result fewer than half of the men who were here on june twenty second were able to leave the fortress and protect the border.

the german plan to seize soviet territory was ready in december nineteen fourteen but most of the soviet leaders as soon as hitler would target britain first before unleashing any attack on this will be. brought it. stalin was already aware of the plan by february not one before the problem was that the germans regularly postpone the invasion. initially was i proven my fifteen meanwhile stalin was disbelief trying to delay war until autumn with. breast fortress where the first assault was launched actually consisted of several forts situated on islands around the main fortification in. the eastern seaboard offered the most stubborn resistance. most of the fortress defenders still expected reinforcements down to the end they

did know they were already well behind enemy lines germans has seized the town of brest within hours. abreast residents lived under occupation for nearly three years when the germans came she was told that she was now and. a second rate person. there's a toilet that really even public toilets in hospitals could not be used but everybody johns had decent food the outis were not so lucky. to so they donate everywhere you could see a sign saying. it's only oh i. know and trying to. already during the first days of the war many people in breast and its environs started sneaking out of town. in the forcible russia they form groups of guerrilla warfare. learn new skills and those of a machine gun here in the forest dugouts in june one thousand nine hundred one

could have. children and women well flooding in there and if all of us leaves here and all of us were helping each other. the partisans stayed in the forests for about three. a time they carried out reconnaissance and secret monitoring of the enemy in the evening they were engaged in special operations. forces use this railway to bring military hardware to the frontline. exposes were placed under this truck so that nobody could see them. the germans sent reconnaissance parties to check the tracks but that didn't help a lot of scouts and a little as the train came closer we singled out the wagon carrying military equipment to be blown up. quick and the wagon was no more. this imagery for soldiers of the german forty fifth division at peered soon after the assault on the fortress and takeover of the town of brest german troops had already

swept across poland france and much of europe but in storming the russia they encountered the most ferocious resistance to date. and. solace that all weapons were the best in the world's alex. we were the strongest anyone invest and we believed it. mostly because of all successes in western europe like the operation in france but it was far from the truth and. these for so with memorials commemorate fighters whose bodies have been recovered by search parties since the war searching for missing soldiers is a long and complicated process. first the head of a search group asks locals where exactly the fighting took place. where there are

also. many of our fighters particularly because his sons died in this month but i'm just looking through the woods you can see the dead lying in creeps of ten or twelve they never made it out of the forest. and then a group of volunteers sets out on an expedition they comb the site and meter after meter. weapons and other objects made of metal keep fairly well underground. this is a soviet helmet it was a direct hit. you can see where the shot entered and exited. turns to base the objects are carefully examined the latest expedition has turned up. but the searchers regard so-called medallions as the most valuable. these are small cases containing only important papers they carry the information that will help identify the soldier his

age rank and the name of the town or village where he was called up. it just so happens that we're from the same place as the dead soldier we're going to look for his relatives now one more fallen soldier has a name. if papers identifying the dead are found they are sent to officials a state archive each year adds more names to the list of breast fortress defenders . this is the personal record of one of the fighters step on studies lofsky his identity was verified just a few years ago. no his name is inscribed on a memorial wall in the central alley of breast fortress it has replaced another place saying unknown soldier studies lost his niece is his only surviving relative just recently did she learn of her uncle's fate ten years not seeing that which

people once with me see the grief of somebody they loved least plough isn't it and think about that person there is nothing more painful than the wit missing so when my uncle's name was finally written on a memorial plate it was a very touching moment for my family. the last defenders of breast fortress repelled german attacks for nearly a month in the one nine hundred sixty s. the museum received a fragment of the inner wall of one of the case mates of eastern for an inscription discovered on it dates from july twentieth one thousand nine hundred forty one scribbled with a knife and said farewell my. i'm dying but i'm not surrendering. nobody surrendered to their own accord. all of those captured wounded people. because there were unable to use their weapons. but nobody raised their hands before to the

death to the last man. hitler and mussolini arrived in august one hundred forty one for a visit to brest fortress despite official reports claiming that there were no surviving defenders on present. the security precautions were put in place. on the eve of the top level visits to german soldiers patrolling an area near the fortress and disappear. for fear of hitler and you silly me enter the fortress through a bridge that used to be right here where hitler saw here is known to have made a strong impression on him and even took a stone lying amongst the ruins with them. after the fall of berlin the stone was found in hitler's office at the chancellor of the third reich. a church in breast fortress. there are traces of shells on the walls and inside the

dome. it was from here that the defenders of breast fortress launched their first counterattack. scores of german and soviet soldiers died here. the time has come for mutual forgiveness. we must live in peace. it's not always to forget the past it must not be forgotten. we might forgive. children now play invest fortress where military hardware dating back to the one nine hundred forty s. is on display they knew about that war only from books and films. on holidays veterans told tourists about the war theater kacelnik of another survivors of the first battles in the fortress regard these rooms as the cornerstone of their faith and the ultimate victory over fascist troops a journey covered his comrades lived to see that victory in one thousand nine

hundred five nearly four years after those tragic events and rest fortress. the official implication. i pod touch from the i.q. sampson.