clear that you always want to call the living space. and to use the expense of the people he regarded as racially inferior and when he announced operation that he told his staff that it was a war of annihilation didn't he he he sort of a war of survival. it was going to be the survival of the fittest and it didn't take and started to realize the consequences of. that there would be horrific losses. and that was indeed how unexpected it was the invasion i mean hitler and stalin had signs the molotov pact making them allies on easy allies of course but allies nonetheless they were allies and the soviet union was caught by surprise and this was stalin's great. stalin was not naive that he thought that germany would not attack in nine hundred forty one he thought the attack would come late and he believed that he could use this pact to develop the soviet union's and

sphere of influence and at the same time. the radhasoami and transfer industry was beyond your own mountains but in fact he got it very very badly wrong and of course the red army was caught deeply unprepared in nine hundred forty one your book is about the sort of human story behind the how did it develop militarily. in the beginning in one nine hundred forty one the red army was. by the autumn of one nine hundred forty one of the last between two and three million tons of killed missing and captured. i think few in the world could do sustain that level of punishment and still carried on fighting and it was not from those high command to believe at that point the soviet union. and what was it that kept the red army fighting that's the sixty fourth. dollar question an extraordinary mix of

. brutal leadership tough leadership from stalin but it was necessary to be tough and new which of nineteen forty one and stalin result would be defended and they would keep fighting but it was a. profound truth to see that the red army recovered from the initial crisis realized it was a battle for survival and what was at stake was not just a communist system but russia as a country in the soviet union in the boardroom so it's not and it really did become a part of it war it was an unusual time in the developed quite a lot during the time that. what do you think explains the mox difference in its effectiveness from say nine hundred forty one to for example the battle of stalingrad in which it secured a stunning victory one of course the technical reasons that the red army in the midst of war is retraining and. that's the worst possible time to do it but they

are doing it and to give them credit this begins to make a difference they transfer their industry as they get them up and running and certainly by the end astonishing that i'm better equipped but the germans still from the do both and i believe there was just the science or the technical side germany could very well have want to either a nine hundred forty one on nine hundred forty two but it was the love of the mother and it was this extraordinary determination to carry on fighting the germans underestimated hitler wanted a short sharp shock and quick campaign was crucial but it didn't work out like that the told that he thought it would all be over and he was not alone and off to the will of the german general is just nonsense we were against it but at the time many of them agreed with hitler they thought the war could be very quickly in three months and of course we won't make the same mistake because napoleon we won't have a win to. because will want to buy viewers they were carried away by their own

successes their previous successes blitzkrieg lightning war and they believe that if they hunted the route on the front here it would all be. but they are underestimated the right way and they underestimated the soviet union and was that a turning point or was it just the onset of the winter when the weather they just had full well the germans blame the weather. again and you could have seen that one coming but they were caught by surprise and they said the weather rolled them but in fact i think the weather was part of the story and the other part that was much harder for them to acknowledge was that an army that seem to feel demoralized and lost in a matter of weeks and five days turned itself around and started fighting and resisting with stupendous power and the first turning point was outside moscow the germans expected to take the capital they were later than they thought but they

still thought that would end the war and it was the strength and determination of resistance that caught me by surprise ahead of the campaign hit was repeatedly. taking western russia would in fact be more of a drain on germany's economic resources than it would be beneficial why did he go ahead with the campaign anyway. was motivated by his own sons of leadership he believed he had a mission almost divine mission a very dark divinity to lead his people to great success and it was this mission that he was going to follow on on a fundamental level he was never really going to listen to advice that he perceived that the soviet union was the enemy and he also believed its resources could be plundered and used for a great to join me at the end of the day he was going to follow it up. what were

the consequences of the ultimate failure of operation. well it destroyed the german army it destroyed it throughout the war the majority of its resources were concentrated on the eastern front and even after d.-day more three quarters of divisions military divisions were fighting on the eastern front so it was where the biggest battles took place the biggest casualties took place on. the road system and more casualties than the city could also replace the casualties. so it became a war of attrition and ultimately it was going to be germany that would lose that war and it was this dreaded phrase that war on two fronts wasn't it well believed that a war on two fronts could work if you won the war against the soviet union quickly and of course if had been won quickly that could have well been the case but once

the war started dragging on into nine hundred forty two nine hundred forty three germany was lost and that mocked which had behaved with a deal of decorum on the western front behaved in a completely different way in the east didn't it what do you put that down to well off to the war the german claimed it was fighting a clean war and it was it was the units behind the army and it was the us that were doing all the unpleasant stuff that was not true that some soldiers on the eastern front with decent behave decently but many were infected by the race proper counted towards the smallest towards the jews and the german army i the participated in a special statistic that use against the russian civilian population or certainly knew they were going on and justified i mean the justification was we were fighting a brutal. survival. bit but the war with darker than any other war and

the twentieth century indeed possibly in human history the role played by the civil union defeating him is vastly underappreciated in the west why is that. one part it's the legacy of the cold war surprisingly history is normally written they say by the victor that view this part of our history is very strongly determined by the germans because the german you became incorporated into the historical frank thinking in the in with the cold war so there was an underestimation or willingness to recognize what the soviet union fully and i think the cold war in part was the reason for thought but i think the other reason is the scale is so i mean we're talking about twenty seven million and the civilian and military casualties and i

think the other reason is simply it's so big the people who struggle to really comprehend it and one of the things i wanted to do in my book is to make that story comprehensible to give it a human voice so that people can relate and that just being a mass of rather overwhelming statistics that's michael james thank you very much thank you. seventy six hours of intense fighting. six thousand dangers of beach front battlefields several kilometers long. and now there is only one person who cares. if we are surrounded by garbage everywhere by. also there are.

on this beach which of course is a very most appropriate city signification a symbol of everything that's wrong with our goddamn government allowing not only garbage but to a cherry way where so many guys died. a new battle is going on. will the history be protected. return to terra while julian cooper story on our t.v. . more than a month. in one of the most extreme environments on the planet this is antarctica and people have to be aware that they're far away from civilization sean thomas discovers flight makes antarctica so special and attractive for many wildlife in antarctica is both you live and the fragile.

expedition to the bottom of the earth on our t.v. . today children play war in the old keys me. but in june nine hundred forty one these was really a first barrier for the nazi troops on their way to moscow and. funders of breast were dying one by one under seizures from. one. in the last shoulder an unnamed soldier left a few simple words. very well mother i'm dying but i'm not surrendering.

updating on our top stories at r.t. the plane crash in northwest russia has claimed another life bringing the death toll to forty five today experts are investigating the evidence from the sites to establish the cause of monday's disaster early reports suggest pilot error is to blame. and anti-terrorist operation in russia's north caucasus is under way of reports suggesting special forces have suffered losses in an attack on a militant hideout at least seven officers have reportedly been killed in gun fights with the thirty strong militant group. the greek government wins a vote of confidence as it struggles for support of its savage spending cuts they need to be passed to secure a new e.u. bailout for souses of angry greeks are protesting against the new measures saying their voices are not being heard. and the former soviet republics remember the victims of the war against fascism wednesday marks the seventieth anniversary of

the nazi invasion of the u.s.s.r. some twenty seven million people died to bring about victory on the eastern front. city to forty six zero mosque ok scott the latest from the world of sport fear. hello welcome to sports news and here are the top stories the army marches on it's a dubious calls twice a week locomotives three want to remain top of the russian premier league. plus close call five time champion venus williams comes out on top after a mighty backing with veteran q.b. coach dante crumb in the second round at wimbledon. and the only now it's a scout masters basketball club signing a new garden center to help them restore their former european glory. let's start with football and say dubious scored in a charges to a scot stage top of the russian premier league after

a three one win at home to look marty for one of two moscow darby's on wednesday night the only one have now won six of the last seven games while in the other all moscow match saturday still can stare down a two eight to nowhere over spots like first match in charge elsewhere twice former champions were being beat new boys bolder to milk high flying and she won it three one at second bottom clearly as the better off want you to let kickoffs inform defending champion saves peters back on stand by the crowd that are taking on so that. well before all eight of wednesday's matches a minute's silence was observed to remember a referee the mere pet side who died in the clutches of us plane crash on monday night and after that i should like you most i'm caught converted their only shot on goal and one of the victory. of the fed in a corner and i think some economists have struck the outside the box rushing to finish it off move his rate to notch it. was in the early kick off tom

and ten months off exchanged second half penalties in a cagey one all draw the visitors nigerian defender isaac quote unquote sent off midway through the second half mixing in the nick of break the deadlock from the spot but in a replica of that goal a got us just nastiest was brought down in times gone last seven minutes from time and the amount of them off. just beat the. level a match at one zero. i mean watch everything also confirmed emmanuel added by always among best summer transfer targets manchester city say they will release the twenty seven year old if the money is right the f.a. cup winners' bought the togo star from austin two years ago for fourteen million dollars that he spent last season on loan well madrid as you see here however city assets to suffer a big loss as they meet or reportedly offer a maximum of thirty million dollars. while over in the english premier league

chelsea have confirmed on three blushed bow us as the club's new manager the former porto head coach will start work immediately after signing a three year deal following his departure from the portuguese champions on cheers day that he three year old fluent english speaker previously worked as a scout under jos a ring you at stamford bridge and began his managerial career with portuguese first division club academic or you know tiger two thousand and nine he took them from a winless and bottom to an eleventh place finish and they portuguese league cup semifinal place then at porto he won the league cup and europa league in his first season after they became only the second portuguese club since been nine hundred seventy three to complete a league campaign unbeaten last is chelsea youngest ever manager at the same age as players frank lampard and didier drogba the blues sacked the previous coach call on chelsea last month. and also in west london former tottenham boss martin you all have signed a two year deal to become manager follow him and the fifty five year old dutchman says he is delighted to be going back to work after taking

a year long break. i don't. see a story every day. where you would like to come back to international when i live. right here on our shores should i go back. ten is now in last year's finals vera zvonareva very safely through to the third round at wimbledon the second seeded russian gains the upper hand in a tight second. sect time break last compacted says they are also israel is or see it as a rank that making light work checks better than actual ballots before those matches it was a really close shave for venus williams as the five time former champion was taken the distance by forty year old ikhwan japanese veteran storm to a five one lead in the first set before winning it on a tie break was a big scare for williams but the twenty third seeded american went on to square the match at

a set all went down to the wire in the decider however williams turned out to be the stronger to take it eight six in a match that lasted for almost three hours this is still the second oldest ever to reach this very probable that. it was good to fight for me. of course it's. very very disappointed it was a very close saw but most important don't. i prayed it's my denise in their roof i do need. to do five don't miss jump go here. great. so i go fight with her so it was a very very good match for me. while over in the men's draw top seed and world number one rafael nadal went safely through to round three with a six three six two six four went over american lines waiting for spanish tops and one next of luxembourg after

a rising star washed away on its return that injured last year's finest how much better think it was an easy straight set we're now against union beneteau france while it was an early exit from russia's creative team is no match for the french ask a four c. one hundred murray did progress into three or four straight sets victory and the german is tobias comcast. possible now to sky have unveils two new signings whom they hope will once again make the russian club a force to be reckoned with in europe moscow outfit enjoyed a wretched season last time out as they fail to get past the first hurdle of the year only which of course has more. doing serious grass was campaigning in a decade the club has been quick to rank. crease stooge and some in media have been bored seemed to try and help the team to back to advantage with the best clubs from around the continent and moon who's come off a stellar season in the french league said to join the team like serious car was a no brainer this is a team full of great players and you know i know my role is going to be different

this year than it was you know the last two years in france where you know the best part of the challenge as as a player and as part of sort of me wanted to have a better career is just pulling less of a role but in the bigger picture so i'm excited about that you know i feel like you know this is the organization that you want to be in so if you want to get to the final for the euro league in you know crease stooge serious can have acquired a man with massive experience he's played for the oklahoma city thunder for three seasons and will be a great addition to the scoreboard especially following the departure of bricks from trajan langdon jail holden and much if more this are also expected to leave the moscow aren't fit to serve says he had offers to stay in the n.b.a. but said he is designed to win trophies. it was why he joined the army men the one main reason. i came here to try to undo your reagan trade during the russian league try to mean everything. and i have opportunity to cheer to play. one of the

leading roles in this team and that's one thing i was missing in and be well kristie just likely to be a starter and serious crimes go to man me i will probably have to be content with playing time on the court however the american scene is his versatility could prove to be a major plus point for the army even at the end of the i just want to try to do things to help the team win whether it's rebounding scoring the ball or passing the wall or playing defense and you know i feel like on this team i can really help you know in a lot of different ways because it is not so much pressure on one individual guy each game but as a collective group we can find ways to do a lot of little things to help this team the way they are serious come our club in transition but many of the old guard stepping down however the army men have been quick to replace them with some of the best talent from around europe as baylor to regain their place going to europe's elite after last season's less than satisfactory campaign richard dancy moscow. moving on to cycling and with just ten

days to go before the start of the tour de france british rider mark cavendish says he's itching to finally go but his numerous stage wins into the elusive green jersey that goes to the points went to last year's race was won by under-fire star alberto conti lol he is also the favorites to retain the overall win as well though jersey but it was cavendish who knocked up five stage victories hitting the final run through paris has more than any other rider until his overall tie twenty presses fifteen in training is however the thing the sprint had to settle for disappointing second was points classification though the twenty six year old is all set to go one better next month and his hands on the coveted jersey like the one who trained last year to respond. i am go. for the green jersey i have gone for the green jersey the last two years is just my way you get the green jersey is to try and win as many stages possible which technically there's more points on offer for stage win so technically you should come out on top on the house i mean the

case last two years so i am got the job we got the green jersey but it's not free not try and put my tactics of god and it was how i did it. and finally russia may be busy preparing for that made an appearance at the rugby world cup in new zealand in september but another form of the sport rugby sevens will be his last as this weekend's russian capital is once again hosting the second of the four stages of who you think will increase serious russia or fifth overall after the season round last week england the leading the way ahead of spain twelve teams are taking part making for a patch of matches on saturday and sunday and a win on home turf for the young russian team as well be aiming for the ultimate goals by further in the future. a lot is now being done we've worked out a program for the russian national team as they prepare for the twenty sixth the summer olympics in rio these are the first games to feature rugby sevens tournament

but our main goal now is twenty thirteen when my school stage the world cup and we hope russia will go into this event in top form and produce the best possible result. and that's all sports days by. culture is that so much you know there's a huge percentage. mark from spring to be uprisings and it leads. to becoming vicious civil war.

wealthy british style. expert on the. market why not. find out what's really happening to the global economy with mike stronger for a no holds barred look at the global financial headlines kaiser reports.

on our team tonight experts investigate the cause of a plane crash in northwest russia as the catastrophe plane was another life today bringing the death toll to forty five. at the site of the tragedy family and friends pay their last respects to monday's victims john before the details in a few moments. that i'm anti terror operation is underway the north caucuses of the reports suggesting special forces have suffered losses after an attack on a militant compound all the details are coming up shortly. the greek government wins a vote of confidence in tossing the savage cuts required to secure a new e.u. bailout but i agree greeks say their voices are not being heard. on the former soviet republics remember the millions of people who gave their lives to win the war against fascism wednesday marks the seventieth anniversary of the nazi invasion

of the u.s.s.r. . hello this is our team for eleven pm here now moscow time my name is kevin though in our top story today the number of people killed in the plane crash in northwest russia has now risen to forty five for a young boy died of his injuries in hospital today experts are examining the doomed to pull off black boxes to establish the cause of the tragedy while family and friends arrived at the site to pay their last respects test for a senate report. has been an emotional and tough day for the friends of the victims and the survivors many of them had gone to the a morgue to identify the bodies of the victims and a few of them to coming here to the site where the crash had happened. one three four carrying fifty two people. right behind me they have put together

a small memorial where locals family members friends have been coming in bringing flowers and candles and also there was a small service earlier today where it was attended by officials of the. investigation itself it's still ongoing. recorder is in moscow still. take some time before it is fully decoded and investigators say that at this point they're still looking at all possibilities nothing is ruled out yet all theories are being looked at. to look at the initial statements made by various authorities looking closely at human error and bad weather conditions as possible and likely of the crash but again speaking to the family members for the blame game really takes a backseat at this point because they really just want to try and deal with their own grief. struggling to keep her composure is in disbelief at the sudden death of her friend. i do not understand why.