joy b. who chose the villains the gateway who took the grand imperial troy told us to push coral until you can away with a chill closure which says don't need to go and. read this in the kennel was her child is used to retreat. close your cheek to walk to the headlights for the greek capital is braced for more violets as thousands gather odd apartment building for second their protests and says hours before lawmakers votes or even function austerity measures they've traded for the next in the general strike from fears grow that understood syria might strike the militant group as well not weapons at school that's in lebanon threatening to stoke up further trouble in the region while israel is reportedly to point in the south bend systems are supporting them to.

meet with the moment turmoil is the first challenge for a new international monetary fund chief christine the god the first woman to head the organization and says a tough task of pointing off the perception that the n.f.l. is biased in favor of western countries. and next the latest in our series of reports on life in almost city projects twenty years after the collapse of the u.s.s.r. . april ninth nine hundred ninety one georgia achieved independence from the u.s.s.r. to know before a violent standoff with the record disintegrating the soviet empire. we did get independence but it resulted in much blood in the structure. of the civil war broke out in georgia he has to susie came sovereignty to this day the nation has been unable to overcome its aftermath the country's infrastructure is in ruins tens of

thousands of people have fled the country in the time of the soviet union was one of the wealthiest republics today one third of the population lives below the poverty line twenty years have passed the people here enjoy less freedom and they did during the soviet period. back in one nine hundred eighty eight girls the kids mellish billy was just a student he joined a mass hunger strike outside government headquarters at that time the country was still cool to the georgian soviet socialist republic. that hunger strike which lasted eight or nine days triggered a movement of liberation i often sat on the steps of my friends. the number of protesters good day by day. the then

a young historian plenty support today cools. that independence was my watchword at that time i didn't miss a single public action all right. in april listening to thousands of people gathered in tbilisi for an open ended rally outside government headquarters they wanted independence for the republican georgia. gamsakhurdia leader of a nationalist movement with the speaker who made the most extremist remarks in an intensely dramatic speech. in the early hours of april ninth the soviet government dispatched on the vehicles and soldiers against peaceful demonstrators sixteen people died and hundreds were injured. say a mathematician and would be magnets of georgia was lucky enough to evade even injury. we were in too much of a hurry we were trying to study history to help move it forward what happened then

had to happen but of course the thought the georgian might become independent is ninety ninety one never crossed my mind back in the late one thousand nine hundred . sixty against a phobia became the first president of a sovereign georgia in april nine hundred ninety one after an election campaign where independence was the catchphrase. but it soon as he came to power he didn't expect that under the independence motto georgian or from this region and south ossetia would demand sovereignty into ethnic conflicts began. georgia responded by sending troops to suffer says here. than a year later. the ruins neighbors became bitter enemies thousands of refugees fled to georgia. as far as i know years ago this building was meant to be

a hospital. but there is no hospital in it now. and the building is used as a shelter for refugee that's. thousands of the georgians who have left since the early one nine hundred ninety s. still live in makeshift shelters they have lost everything homes jobs and even the hope to return to their home country georgians and abkhazians alike have gone through a lot of suffering such as the horrors of war and loss of loved ones and yet they don't blame one another for that conflict. i leave it at his inability sions have toned people apart there was no amity between individuals my neighbor said to me what am i supposed to do one of my sons in law isn't a pansy and that means my grandsons are peasants aren't they. and other daughter is married to a georgian so her children are georgians do i need to tell my grandsons apart what am i supposed to do in this situation after the. bitter fighting between georgia

standing army enough because you know insurgents cost thousands of lives on both sides. tomorrow is not because young woman four of her five sons died in the war the youngest was seventeen when he volunteered to fight his grave is close to his father's. you have an opinion that i would dearly like to have the word war confined to the history books to read i want new body to ever arteries again i wanted to be forgotten altogether . tomorrow and a husband wanted their new house to have enough room for all their children and their future families but now it's almost uninhabited one of the rooms houses a memorial museum to the family it features the son's medals they received and the letters they sent from the front line to more especially treasures objects made by

her children right there all in this is the root of a pine tree they made a heart out of it. my second son enjoy what he considers things he she died in the battle on the same day as my youngest son. many georgian opposition parties and even his viet gamsakhurdia as former associates demonstrated their discontent with the rule georgian intellectuals sent numerous letters to the president asking them to come to his senses. responded by imposing censorship. and ninety ninety one law even denied registration for all political parties it was indorsed by people who had served terms in soviet prisons and campaigned for georgia's freedom and independence. most people did what they themselves had been opposed to. they

trained to become a mathematician in the early one nine hundred ninety s. he left university and went into business his elder brother you'll be chose the career of an actor today he is very popular in georgia i his songs in short films have an uncanny bearing on the country's present day situation. i had no desire to get involved in the war in a cause or in such a war where brothers were killing brothers so i decided to stay away from georgia for a time there were. those who were displeased with the first president gathered to

openly demand his resignation and the nine hundred ninety two standoff between protesters and the regime erupted into street fighting involving artillery and tanks. gamsakhurdia had to flee the country. thanks ben was shevardnadze was george's second president the experience political heavyweights the fact michel goodrich had a story. soon after he took office he lifted the ban on off as a shrewd political parties and allowed independent media when i did it after i went into business in one thousand nine hundred ninety three i launched a project called. over ten years i turned the small studio in the provincial town the first army into a leading national broadcaster. the first study to t.v. channel rushed out at the country's new leaders including president eduard shevardnadze and was focused on runaway corruption. sure corruption in the economic

sphere was enormous officer of a nazi came to power but on the other hand businessmen learns new skills in tune with modern times and a real market economy took shape true it was pervasive corruption from top to bottom but there was also freedom of speech and individual liberty a sort of quagmire that we have now didn't exist then. independent t.v. channels were starving to became a so-called platform for the opposition and had great political weight the president shevardnadze who declared freedom of speech as a principle made no attempt to sway the channels editorial policy. the worst of the two t.v. channel and other georgian media paved the way for radical political transformations in november two thousand and three sora bloodless coup in georgia dubbed the rose revolution we hailed a second it's really a young and ambitious person came to power. and when i tended my resignation

of my own free will to prevent bloodshed when they burst into the house of parliament i went out into the street to meet my followers of any order coming from me is the law for the yawning no down the army would have defeated them then me after a bloodbath i make no distinction between it see signs of all of them and georgian citizens. mikhail saakashvili had promised to beat corruption and lead the nation to prosperity however it was the press that was the first victim of his law and order. from.

the brook . the ban abortion. is. good to. see.

as soon as really took power he attempted to take control of the editorial policy of the country's leading independent t.v. channel urse dog to its owner skits mellish really realize that his window of opportunity was quite narrow. the short ordeal foresees ambition to take control of the channel it goes back to two thousand and four where the new system of government simply week we thought we needed to build a viable state first and then take care of the rest of us because of the article as it turned out the regime's aim was to take control of the channels i think the blame for what i did because i gave away our study to i didn't want to rock the boat knowledge as about the same time george's media was going out of its way to report on mikhail sufis release police reforms on face value the changes look quite impressive. petty crime had been stepped out people now felt more secure on the

streets of the towns after dusk traffic patrols had stopped taking bribes. it does exist through the country's traffic police are totally free from corruption . but you can get your license within a day after pain right through official channels instead of flying in somebody's sockets. for many years nino. was speaker of the country's parliament and one of mikail. closest associates in two thousand and eight she resigned from the post of parliamentary speaker and founded an opposition party. new year's series of very serious problem by its corruption in the elite it has grown even larger compared to what it was like in the last years of shevardnadze as root when everybody was talking about corruption in georgia's government. levied

chemical it was always an opposition moderates to saakashvili as the owner of a major medical insurance company he knows all too well the meaning of so-called elite corruption. assume a circus really in his inner circle came to power they set about collecting taxes and so cool dirty money was that they sent very many people to prison they were businessmen as well as former officials among them a lot of people realize they had better pay as much as they were expected to pay they sold the property they ceded their shares in businesses to members of suckers billy's party prosecutor's office and the interior ministry kept a close eye on the deals this man. pent up discontent funny erupted into a mass rally in november two thousand and seven according to various estimates fifty to one hundred thousand opposition supporters came to the house of parliament in tbilisi. for several days they kept around the clock vigil and live in the

seventh police barlinnie dispersed the peaceful rally hundreds of demonstrators were injured please take us. police beat up people lying on the ground with bathrooms. and the only remaining independent t.v. channel showed these events in tbilisi to a nationwide. it was late shutdown while it was on the air with regular news bulletin. the middle of the middle of seems like closing the channel the government is violating the constitution this means that this is a dictatorship regime and standards are coming into the studio i want to say thank you i hear shouts in the control room for job which i hope our employees won't be injured here our guests. the independent journalist of a comet he'd say became popular in georgia in the mid one nine hundred ninety s.

he enjoys also king unpleasant questions no matter who is in power he says now in hiding in switzerland his latest piece of investigative journalism considers the old conflict between georgia and south a city in two thousand and eight. for me i live no journalist who would not have wanted to go to scandal to get the facts. but all the state media summed up my work there is high treason. the self-proclaimed republic of south setia hasn't been under georgia's direct rule since nine hundred ninety two we really repeated many times the republic had to return to georgia and he promised to settle the situation through diplomacy. with us from we don't need a war and there has been an ascension people don't need one either there is a force that wants the defeat of the georgian and i pass it on a syrian people i promise they won't let it happen i knew much.

but in the early hours of august the altering repeated showed symbolic from georgian territory in the morning troops were sent into the republic. it was the start of the military operation described by psych us really of the introduction of constitutional order in the territory south of setia. i was woken up by a lot of noise everything was for. that shaking we went outside with screamin and crying it was as if all of us had landed in hell after a volcanic eruption and everybody stayed awake throughout the night the noise never died down not even for a second. just color man who. lives in an old house on the outskirts of the village of kalak cooler fifteen kilometers from the border with south

a city or he's not interested in politics and doesn't know the first thing about international relations but artists from around the world fall to his home to display their works one of the art projects was called liquid art it was to have been implemented jointly with russian artists in late september two thousand and eight. the georgian word for this place is maharani year it isn't places like this that georgians traditionally make wine masses of different nationalities are going to contribute to georgian traditions they will get in to press grapes with their feet just as it was done in the old days a year later we will get a jointly made product one brand called liquid aren't. in the spring of two thousand and eight carom and began building a pavilion for the exhibition he was still constructing it in august when another war broke out between south setia and georgia. or do i went on

building the pavilion during the war fighting was going on right behind the mountain fifteen kilometers from here i sort of flashes and heard the bombings i also saw helicopters up in the air the. hostilities came to an end knowing days later when russia sent troops into the south for thirty years to separate the warring parties georgia subsequently broke off diplomatic relations with russia. when investing come a he was working on a film about the georgian city and conflict he made arrangements for an interview with european human rights campaigners to be held in geneva shortly before he was due to go the journalist received

a tip off that he had better stay in switzerland. all sorts of problems cropped up after my return from senegal because i won't talk about them because my words may get in the way of the investigation. i can only tell you that i received open threats and heard something so accumulating that i contributed. no comma he'd say lives in a swiss forestall for political refugees friends keep them abreast of events by. i here are going to switzerland. ok i'll go to town with you that's right in october by that time you must complete all formalities concerning immigration chances are i myself will return home by then and there is a regime change. did you say regime change yes why not that's a possibility. although we hope so. vectoring and so somebody have been friends ever since they went to school together

when parliament appointed ceasar to the post of on woodsmen he gave his friend a job in his office when his first term of office came to an end parliament the noid him a second term and now the journalist is in hiding in a foreign country the ex is unemployed would be a while if i had crazy authorities i would have been elected procession term they would even have changed the law to let me for ten terms. in the last presidential election live and get checks or not say it was officially the runner up his party's headquarters supplied the zero s c e commission with evidence documenting scores and irregularities some of them made public in the commission's conclusions but the final report ultimately described the election as valid.

view he gets such a let's say as a famous georgian musician in protest against the second regime he decided to barricade himself in a television studio made up to look like a prison cell for several months he stayed in the room with four t.v. cameras tracking his every move. today children means prison all of georgia is a prison no georgian people made a mistake by electing what i call an illegitimate person. politician sportsman and artists all visit his soul to support the musician live and get to have a lot say heads the leading opposition party the visit his brother three times during his self-imposed imprisonment. how are you so so what are you i get loads of letters to parcels are full of them already the guys and nuts they made the same time to make. his one man

prison show began of the eleven pm and last until morning the following day the whole country would discuss would have been said during the night after two months of self confinement the only kitchen loves it took time out for a public appearance at the b.b.c. stadium leaving a cage in the midst of the show was a strikingly symbolic act the people who had filled the stadium and jason rhodes turned he'll be a good church allowed to show into what amounted to a protest rally. in maple mind keep thousand and nine leaders of all opposition parties as their followers to take to the streets in tbilisi. just felt get out second street get out saakashvili get down get south we've seen only the opposition has never said saakashvili is our president we call him a take factor rather than does your president. today the former participants

in the rallies for georgia's independence have united into a party. or not with our aim is to create a party that is without power and georgian history it should be a party based on genuine national values shared by most people in our country. the lead of the new party is live and get. a former magnus in the wine industry he has the support of iran seek its mellish mili the architect of the country's leading television company and george's last ambassador to russia the party's third leader is a historian who has won the nation's affection as an honest woman. other georges rulers in recent years have been so different the will be hard put to say which of them is fully to blame for the present day situation there are no independent courts of law democratic institutions are not allowed to develop and the country's people are intimidated in the autumn of two thousand and eight

a group of friends met in old warehouses turned into studios in moscow they were all says who are keen to participate in an international project that was to take place in the home of carmen come to say. this is a remarkably exquisite european style project but i think we need to make slight changes to emphasize a note of sorrow in it mary making is out of place after what happened when you don't do that at a funeral the funeral still goes on. the russian artists didn't visit their georgian friends in either two thousand and eight or later they have decided against going to georgia for the trying be they do in politics they believe that in the beautiful country of long traditions funerals will give way to weddings and the street protests will be else to buy projects concerts and theatre festivals.

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