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welcome back the headlines for you. greece's parliament passes a vote on how to implement partial sturdy measures on the government is ready to sell some of greek assets to events to stay afloat many say it's a sellout. three men are each sentenced to twenty five minutes in court an f.b.i. sting take in order to blow up synagogues in new york the questions are raised about u.s. tactics of fighting both grown terror. questions france's admission that it supplied weapons to libyan rebels on the country's son claims mentors and stripes point home families that's an exclusive interview with him. next we explore the life of scientists under center of the man who invented the hydrogen bomb and was at the same time the super union's most famous dissident.

the end. of. december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. as an apartment in the city of gold key a phone line is urgently installed at a set time the phone rings the voice of the other and speaks this is going to giove please return and continue your patriotic activity. the person these words were dressed to has spent nearly the past seven years in political exile. he was the man who created the first hydrogen bomb and received a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b.

and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was under a sort of and his life was full of paradoxes. now known as the city of nizhny novgorod the key was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it has the number of secret defense facilities with urge you to come to your senses mr subtle as a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what goals the communist party and our people are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory we beg you to please come to your senses otherwise you shall lose every moral rights to carry the honorable title of a soviet citizen. a living to talents of his era time transit police officer in the mid 1980's his unit was ordered to tales us out of especially when he was at

the station saying. his wife elin and gone off to moscow. every officer had a specific task to carry out at all costs the overall task was to follow sokoloff and to ensure that no documents or anything else gets passed on to him especially at the railway station and we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers written in that. during such as exile to gorky every facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence hundreds of letters of support as arrived from abroad were intercepted by the k.g.b. although the settlers were always supplied with a notification that their mail had been delivered. via dr satcher and it has been so long since we have had any use of your well being we're very concerned about your health and the health of your wife illana been there when most anxious to hear

from you and would greatly appreciate a response to this letter many people here in the united states and in canada support and the principles to which you stand there with the status of the k.g.b. made a list of persons to restrict so horror of from communicating that certain people change me were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the solders of the distant movement in the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures in the war with . some sort of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him local k.g.b. staff took pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present them to western media as proof that human rights activists sacral was alive and well. sahar of can feel he was being closely monitored and he understood he would have to live with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a key. a g.b.

department who watch satirists every step additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter the new to the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of sacro side dentity he was the so-called secret academic these are some ranch shots of the psychos taking a train ride to a town not marked on any of the world's maps the nuclear research center artisanal sixteen this is where set of worked on his hydrogen bomb in the late one nine hundred forty s. . i worked very hard as a consultant are tossed to basic stream importance to mankind. balance of nuclear onus between the two direct palace because that is exactly what guarantees that these arms will never believed them.

this is the footage from the detonation of the hydrogen bomb developed by under a some sort of the us a song had managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction sastre off became an academic in his early thirty's it's one of the bomb tests resulted in two deaths a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village a left a strong impression and sent her off despite the positive outcome of the new coin. they threw a small party in the test site to own a saucer of the main hero and he was allowed to open the evening about her so he also proposed the first toast which shocked everyone you know her she says i'd like to drink all bombs exploding on test sites but never over towns and cities when you go down you get awards. and then time some sort of became acquainted with the

dissidents historian roitman viet if he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin then you will believe infrastructure of him so that he can as a discovery find out about the gulags about the system of terror that was the foundation of all further cooperation he started writing about politics himself and i brought him underground dissident publications and some as dr. intellectual freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pressure by officialdom and prejudices such a trinity of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being contaminated by masked myths which in the hands of treacherous hypocrites and demagogues can be transformed into bloody dictatorship. in the the west. yes a was an instant success selling millions of copies to

authorities response was swift to sattar of was banned from working in our sixteen and moved to moscow there the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. before they were back in those years they often resulted to exile in the dissidents abroad birdsong or of was too prominent a figure. they also knew some state secrets though for no one even considered him going abroad as an option. with a well known soviet dissident he first heard sacco's name in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet union the dissidents found ways around the static. it was possible to get rid of the radio jamming with this navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and

with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country and help us find out of stores his essays and his activities a huge. distance used to typewrite sacrifices they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents were in a permanent lookout for them this battle against the grassroots movement raged for many years and. women flyers and way posted them. in residential areas and back streets and courtyards our fliers who said the truth and the sacrifice was saying and expose the lies that the soviet press started to publish about and. it was. gradually human rights became. satirist main occupation to launch extent this helped him

overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife succumbed to cancer. a few years later a satire of men. at a distant court trial. lawyer is an outstanding woman with a strong character and she had a serious influence over andrei saw her of as you know he was very open and you can feel that his wife's actions did influence his behavior. in the one nine hundred eighty s. prominent soviet artists said gay baucher of volunteered to paint sacral support trait however the work remained unfinished he found the relationship in the center of family so intriguing that he wanted to include you in a boner because of her great influence over husband. but as we talk with dr sackcloth i counted seven slaps when i gave him changes every time she didn't like something and then i started to draw her she was shocked even to draw me to and i

said of course i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over. the show to my sketch and she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from. some sort of took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the notorious soviet book cia versus u.s.s.r. who took the liberty of making an offensive reference to born a jew response from dr satcher of and in public. in the summer of said firstly should apologise to my wife in public or to his lawyers refused summer of came up to him and slapped him in the face although not too hard for the man left and the designer of gleefully sent a telegram to his wife i slapped him. december one thousand nine hundred seventy nine. afghanistan. after

a special operation to remove the leader of his or long arm soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would later kulis fulfilling international duty. didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action calling its immigration he would not be forgiven for his remarks. or we drove up to the cross in the breach on the way to work the traffic police cars suddenly go away well driver are just surprised that the touts and go to the placement. of the re entrance opened and two men climbed. they showed a radar data to us and said that they were from eighty or a minister in fact they were from the tragedy. and the driver turned it they would came to follow the car which was also from a cager bail which came to the prosecutor's office where prosecutor become close said to make it a draw into the awards the competent authorities have decided that you should be

exiled to this is your. d.l. skids of gorky in the newly built area should have been key here and there a sucker over and yelena bonner spent seven years of their lives together and during all that time there every step was monitored by the k.g.b. how many employees were watching several how many cassettes of hidden surveillance were shot and what reports were made it's all still a secret to this day. the world is. bringing you the latest in science and technology from the realm for sure. we've got the future covered.

the physical institute of the academy of sciences the employees of the institute were the only people allowed to visit sacro in the city of go to keep his kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them cargo when andre sakharov was in exile we did our best to preserve his office your rule nobody took his place at the table sign bearing his name was still hung on the door of the study that was attached to the innocent at the door and we separated by the wall gone to the side where you see. no official soviet establishment supposed to enforce law has taken responsibility for the fact of my feet or taishan it is only up to a court to establish either someone's in

a sense or to determine the measure of punishment and a term of imprisonment my case is glaring unhelpfulness. meanwhile in gold all the sucker offs and bonus potential contacts were on the k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave should sacrifice suddenly show up a new body for you a state security officer approached me shoot she's id card and instructed me as to how i was to serve sucker of you or me i was warned that if he happens to ask for permission to make a phone call i was to tell him that the did not work. in one thousand nine hundred eighty didn't and grace made a note of was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in whispers and ray and his friend

decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of wards. of the fortune the first thing we saw was a man sitting at a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea where interest or her have lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevator to. there was on the right where proceed to press the bell without hesitation. i woman open the door seconds later we learned it was even a boner. she gave us a look of surprise and we also different rates on her of lived there she told us to come in and we did. while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to this day the living room with the radio sets of used to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with

a remarkable table which the academic had managed to repair without nails but what he heard from sucker of amaze the boy much more. serious told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware that lots of organized were being killed when we were leaving we also him for a civilian serve gave me and my friend a farewell postcard each here's my post card i've kept it for thirty years now written in briefly to andrey. alders that k.g.b. can take it away from us because. an old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where andrei sakharov and yelena boehner could pay friendly calls the family of maria hein of sky and elin his relatives lived in the building the high notes the family had

a similar story they were also in exile to go to keep by the soviet or thora teas forty years before those events. since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers of the around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics cease to believe there would ever be an end to his constant harassment. and they even found a place in gorky where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension was extreme. exile sacro went on hunger strike three times for the first joined by c.n.n. and. local doctors received an order to hospitalize. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today said it is still

a local place of interest but the doctors don't like to comment on those events. therefore speed in involved quite rough methods as andreessen proof later recalled they fast and he's arms and legs to the bad place to clip on his nose and pour it in you trish is mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred three sacro of managed to leap to the west a new work to be published then in response to soviet leadership started afresh bound to vulcan persecution one of the central u.s.s.r. newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose to sacrifice of instigating nuclear war against the soviet union mr sattar of if once you have the right to be called a comrade to the working class can no longer call you so the soviet workmen deplore

your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your outspoken treachery. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure divided into paragraphs denounces of their contents reveals that it was all staged they picked people of various ends of the soviet union and told them right sacrifice write this and don't mention this and that. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west the square in front of the soviet embassy in washington sourced so many demonstrations it was named satire of plaza have incurred washington. new york and decided to follow in the footsteps of washington and renamed the street next to russian. united nations mission mission

is a very middle part of a war that was renamed sucker of warner corner. is it communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as its general secretary. in nineteen ninety five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after suffering of received that famous call from goldberg shelf he told him his seven year exile was over. when the abnormality of the situation became clear everyone went on to discuss it i said so what let's face the issue. i think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at that time glasnost was already underway in the country. a week after gorbachev's phone calls sattar of return to moscow and was met by dozens of

journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for him he abstained from giving any political statements the first place he visited was is. the limited physical institute he went there to attend a scientific seminar but unlike seven years before he was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way there for groceries for similar to the seminar as usual on tuesday it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now in a seminar started and then came sucker of intended to enter the whole noiselessly in order not to interrupt the seminal not to draw everyone's attention to himself something incredible happened they spotted him and burst into applause was the ability or. soon setter of was elected to the supremes council as a delegate from the academy of sciences but in june one thousand nine hundred eighty nine several found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the

situation concerning a soviet troops in afghanistan it got up on the war in afghanistan as a crime to lie about the great drawing in itself. and it's not clear he should be held responsible for this great triumph by a country i his statements were judged offensive by the offices who had foreseen that war themselves one of satirists main opponents his main just said a gay child of an a peacekeeper a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war it is we're going to we're very shocked by the provocative behavior of this famous scientist i. today said again lives in kiev and his head of the ukrainian war veterans group he

still believes that sucker of was to go in trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. generally speaking apart from being a great physicist grew the sucker of was a very sincere and naive person he was easily deceived and believed everything he heard was and i had to counter his statements in a harsh manner i think he was simply to see for the people who surrounded in those chairs a political course of the young surrogates pressed a populist stand point among soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan those who supported secularist point of view were an absolute minority and the session but the debates were broadcast live across the country allowing the public to decide as a result sacrifice started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however the letters had a much different tone to those that previously filled his mailbox during his gawky

exile. dear dr soccer oh please accept my deepest apologies for the so-called public humiliation i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress of people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need you. on december fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sattar of gave an interview to kazakh television the questions concerned the future of the semi test site in kazakstan it was a place where nuclear weapons had been detonated for decades sachar of demanded that the site be closed because the people who lived in this vicinity or paying too high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah. that mankind will terminate the critical period of history was when we competed in inventing weapons of mass

destruction. it was a kind of examination and condescend to say that a test of the ability to survive this wish it. was his last interview a few hours later sucker of heart failed his friends even told to him the previous day would deeply shocked. they had been no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sachar of. any final year sachar of was drafting a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those who had read sachar of early articles and his political supporters had lost their chance of meeting him in person. while at the high standards of

goods and devotion to the cause of the people and so her office set still needs to be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is played in the liberation of russia from doctrines or will be justly appreciated of good to share with the thinking of the.