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welcome back here's a look at the top stories here on our team russian foreign minister islam's and nato members for their actions in the conflict torn arab world at a meeting with his french counterpart. resurges the e.u. to hand over its promise to bailouts after problem it approves of deep spending cuts at a state assets sell off the measures that include a radical tax increases were passed and despite the three days of angry protests. targeted by nato and wanted at the hague in an exclusive interview with our teeth colonel gadhafi sana shares his view on why libya is at war saif al islam thinks his country is being targeted for its riches but says the people will fight to prevent libya from falling under foreign control. and coming your way r.t.

explores the life of soviet scientists on that he saw over the man who invented the hydrogen bomb and was at the same time the soviet union most famous dissident do stay with us for that. the end. of. december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. as an apartment in the city of gold key a phone line is urgently installed at a set time the phone rings the voice at the other end speaks this is going to giove please return and continue your patriotic activity. the person these words were dressed to has spent nearly the past seven years in political exile. he was the man who created the first hydrogen bomb and received

a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b. and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was under a satire of and his life was full of paradoxes. now known as the city of nizhny novgorod a key was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it housed a number of secret defense facilities with urge you to come to your senses mr subtle as a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what goals the communist party and our people are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory we beg you to please come to your senses otherwise you shall lose every moral rights to carry the honorable

title of a soviet citizen. to lead into talents of is a retired transit police officer in the mid 1980's he's unit was ordered to tales us out of especially when he was at the station saying. his wife elin and bonnet are off to moscow. every officer had a specific task to carry out at all costs the overall task was to follow circuit of and to ensure that no documents or anything else has passed on to him especially at the railway station and we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers in the. during such as exile to gorky every facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence hundreds of letters of support as arrived from abroad were intercepted by the k.g.b. although the senators will always supplied with a notification that their mail had been delivered. via dr satcher and it has been

so long since we have had any use of your well being we're very concerned about your health and the health of your wife illana been there when most anxious to hear from you and would greatly appreciate a response to this letter many people here in united states and in canada support and the principles to which you stand there with the course of the k.g.b. made a list of persons to restrict so horror of from communicating with certain people changing me were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the solders of the distant movement in the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures in the war with . some sort of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him local k.g.b. staff took pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present them to western media as proof the human rights activists sacral was alive and well. sahar

of can feel he was being closely monitored and he understood he would have to live with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a key. h.e.b. department who watch satirists every step additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter the new to the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of sacro side density he was the so-called secret academic these are some ranch shots of the psychos taking a train ride to the town not marks on any of the world's maps the nuclear research center artisanal sixteen this is where sector of worked on his hydrogen bomb in the late one nine hundred forty s. . i worked very hard as i can sort it out to be fixed freeman portions to mankind.

balance of nuclear arms race between the two correct palace because that is exactly what's going to cease that these arms will never believe. this is the footage from the detonation of the hydrogen bomb developed by under a subset of the u.s.s.r. had managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction satloff became an academic in his early thirty's it's one of the bomb tests resulted in two deaths a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village a left a strong impression inside her all despite the positive outcome of the new hydra bomb. blast. it will they threw a small party in the test site to own a saucer of the main hero and he was allowed to open the evening's balls of water so he also propose the first toast which shocked everyone you're her she says i'd

like to drink job orms exploding into sites but never over towns and cities when you go the news of the world isn't going to. at that time some sort of became acquainted with the dissident historian. he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin. even for cycle of himself he came as a discovery find out about the system of terror that was the foundation of our further cooperation is to his writing about politics from self and i brought him underground dissident publications. intellectual freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pressure by officialdom and prejudices such as trinity of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being contaminated by mass myths which in the hands of treacherous hypocrites and demagogues can be transformed into bloody dictatorship.

in the west the n.s.a. was an instant success selling millions of copies to authorities response was swift to her of was banned from working in sixteen and moved to moscow then the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. before they were back in those years they often resulted to exhausting the dissidents abroad birdsong or of was too prominent a figure. he also knew some state secrets though for no one even considered him going abroad as an option. was a well known soviet dissident he first heard sacral snail in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet

union the dissidents found ways around the static. it was possible to get rid of the radio. navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country and help us find out under a sucker of stores his essays and his activities with a huge. distance used to typewrite suckers essays they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents were on a permanent lookout for them this battle against the grassroots movement raged for many years. ago and women flyers and way posted them. in residential areas and back streets and courtyards our flyers who said the truth and the readers secor off him self was saying and exposed the lies that the soviet press started to publish about and. it will. gradually

human rights and fantasy became satirise main occupation to a launch extent this helped him overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife succumbed to cancer. a few years later a satire of men. at a dissident court trial. lawyer is an outstanding woman with a strong character and she had a serious influence over andrei saw her of as you know he was very open and you can feel that his wife's actions did influence his behavior. in the one nine hundred eighty s. prominent soviet artists said gay baucher of volunteered to paint sacral support trait however the work remained unfinished he found the relationship in the center of family so intriguing that he wanted to include yelena bonner because of her

great influence a husband. but as we talk and talk to suckle off i counted seven slaps on i gave him changes every time she didn't like. and then i started to draw her she was shocked even to draw me to my set of course i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over here you know. i showed her my sketch and she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from. some sort of took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the notorious soviet book cia versus u.s.s.r. who took the liberty of making an offensive reference to born a jew response from dr satcher of and in public. so her absurd firstly should apologise to my wife in public after his first three refused summer of came up to him and slapped him in the face although not too hard for the male left and officer her of gleefully sent a telegram to his wife i slapped him. december

one thousand nine hundred seventy nine afghanistan. after a special operation to remove the leader of his alarm soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would later kulis fulfilling an international duty several didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action calling it an aggression he would not be forgiven for his remarks. what are we afraid up to the close nikolski breach on her way to work the traffic police cars suddenly go to a way. driver which is surprised that the touts and go to the placement of all the data players in the area entrance are opened and two men climbed over here they showed a radar due to us and said that they were from eighty or a minister but in fact they were from the tragedy. and the driver target they would

tend to follow the car but there was also from a cage a veil which came to the prosecutor's office where prosecutor would come closer to make it a draw into the awards for the competent authorities have decided that you should be exhausted this is your. b.l. skids of gorky in the newly built area should have been key here andrei sakharov and yelena bonner spent seven years of their lives together and during all that time there every step was monitored by the k.g.b. how many employees were watching several how many cassettes of hidden surveillance were shot and what reports were made it's all still a secret to this day. the culture is that so much of an oldish without a share of the power lines that mark west quagmire and stand off in libya is there a military solution to the conflict in libya to stable democratic and whole of

ukraine. twenty years ago the largest country in the world i answered the greatest of. what had been you came in. each began a journey. where did it take the. moscow the limited physical institute of the academy of sciences the employees of the institute were the only people allowed to visit sacro in the city of gold key his colleagues kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them. when andre sutter of was in exile we did our best to preserve his office your rule nobody took his place at the tables if you sign bearing his name was still hung on the door of the study that was attached to the in a side of the door and we separated by the wall guarded the song where you see. no

official soviet establishment supposed to enforce law has taken responsibility for the fact of mighty poor taste it is only up to a court to establish either someone's innocence or to determine the measure of punishment and a term of imprisonment my case is glaring unlawfulness. meanwhile in gold all a sucker oaths and bonus potential contacts were under k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave should sacrifice suddenly show up a new body could use a state security officer approached me shoot his id card and instructed me as to how i was to serve sucker of you or me i was warned that if he happens to ask for permission to make a phone call i was to tell him the did not. in one thousand nine hundred eighty resilient and or

a smidgen of was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in whispers and ray and his friend decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of wards. went to the fortune the first thing we saw was a man sitting at a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea where interest or her of lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevators fled there was on the right where prost the dorner pressed the bell without hesitation. i woman open the door seconds later we learned it was here in the boner . she gave us a look of surprise and we also a different race on her of lived there she told us to come in and we did. while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to

this day the living room with the radio sets of used to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with a remarkable table which the academic had managed to repair without nails but what he heard from sachar of amaze the boy much more. serious told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware that lots of organized were being killed when we were leaving we all still for a civilian serve gave me and my friend a fail well postcard each here's my post card i've kept it for thirty years now written in briefly to andrey from and dream it all does that k.g.b. can take it away from us. an old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where andrei sakharov and yelena bonner could pay friendly calls the family of maria hein of sky

and elin his relatives lived in the building the high notes the family had a similar story they were also in exile to go to keep by the soviet authorities forty years before those events. since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers hovered around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics cease to believe there would ever be an end to his constant harassment. and they even found a place in gorky where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension was extreme. exile sacro went on hunger strike three times for the first he was joined by c.n.n. and on a. local doctors received an order it's

a hospital i sat her off. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today said it is still a local place of interest but the doctors don't like to comment on those events. therefore speed in involved quite rough methods as andreessen proof later recalled they fastened his arms and legs to the bad place to clip on his nose and pour it in your trisha's mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred three sacro managed to leak to the west a new work to be published then in response the soviet leadership started afresh bound to vulcan persecution one of the central u.s.s.r. newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose to sacrifice of instigating nuclear war against the soviet union mr sattar of if once

you have the right to be called a comrade when the working class can no longer call you so the soviet workmen deplore your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your outspoken treachery. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure divided into paragraphs denounces of their contents reveals that it was all staged they picked people of various ends of the soviet union and told them right sacrifice write this and don't mention this and that. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west the square in front of the soviet embassy in washington source so many demonstrations he was named secular of plaza have incurred were. so.

new york we decided to follow in the footsteps of washington and renamed the street next to russian. united nations mission missionaries and middle part of a war that was renamed soccer of warner corner. is it communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as his general secretary. in nineteen ninety five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after sattler of received that famous call from gorbachev who told him his seven year exile was over. when he abnormality of the situation became clear everyone went on to discuss it i said so what let's face the issue. i think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at that time glasnost was already under way in the country. a week after

gorbachev's phone calls sattar of return to moscow and was met by dozens of journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for him he abstained from giving any political statements the first place he visited was his. the limited physical institute he went there to attend a scientific seminar but unlike seven years before he was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way there was a verse of the three similar to the seminar as usual on tuesday it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now one of the seminar started and then came sucker of intended to enter the whole noiselessly in order not to interrupt the seminal not to draw everyone's attention to himself something incredible happened they spotted him and burst into applause was that a word you're. soon set or of was elected to the supreme council as

a delegate from the academy of sciences was in june one thousand nine hundred nine sacra found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the situation concerning the soviet troops in afghanistan. that the war in afghanistan was a crime to clear but a great drawing in itself. and it's not clear who should be held responsible for this great wrong by the country. his statements were judged offensive by the offices who had foreseen that war themselves one of satirists main opponents his main just said a gay child of an a peacekeeper a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war it is we're going to we're very shocked by the provocative behavior of this famous scientist i.

today sergey lives in kiev and is head of the ukrainian war veterans group he still believes that sucker of was to go a bull in trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. we're foolish with generally speaking apart from being a great physicist group the sucker of was a very sincere and naive person he was easily deceived and believed everything he heard was and i had to counter his statements in a harsh manner i think he was simply to see for the people who surrounded serve in the us and chose a political course of the young so gay expressed a populous standpoint among soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan those who supported secularist point of view were an absolute minority at the session but the debates were broadcast live across the country allowing the public to decide as

a result sacrifice started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however the letters had a much different tone to those that previously filled his mailbox during his gawky exile. dear dr satcher oh please accept my deepest apologies for the so-called public humiliation i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress of people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need you. on december fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sattar of gave an interview to kazakh television the questions concerned the future of the semi test site in kazakstan it was a place where new clear weapons had been detonated for decades sachar of demanded that the site be closed because the people who lived in this vicinity were paying too high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah. that mankind will terminate

the critical period of history when we can peter's inventing weapons of mass destruction it is a kind of examination and condescend to say that a test of the ability to survive this wish it. it was his last interview a few hours later satirise heart failed his friends he met told team the previous day would deeply shocked. they had been no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sachar of. any final year sachar of was drafting a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those who had read sachar of early articles and his political supporters

had lost their chance of meeting him in person. while the high standards of goods and devotion to the cause of the people inside her office said still needs to be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is played in the liberation of russia from doctrines or will be justly appreciated good to share with the thinking of the.